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1.

Aims

Accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in cucumber fermentations is known to cause hollow cavities inside whole fruits or bloaters, conducive to economic losses for the pickling industry. This study focused on evaluating the use of a malic acid decarboxylase (MDC)‐deficient starter culture to minimize CO2 production and the resulting bloater index in sodium chloride‐free cucumber fermentations brined with CaCl2.

Methods and Results

Attempts to isolate autochthonous MDC‐deficient starter cultures from commercial fermentations, using the MD medium for screening, were unsuccessful. The utilization of allochthonous MDC‐deficient starter cultures resulted in incomplete utilization of sugars and delayed fermentations. Acidified fermentations were considered, to suppress the indigenous microbiota and favour proliferation of the allochthonous MDC‐deficient Lactobacillus plantarum starter cultures. Inoculation of acidified fermentations with L. plantarum alone or in combination with Lactobacillus brevis minimally improved the conversion of sugars. However, inoculation of the pure allochthonous MDC‐deficient starter culture to 107 CFU per ml in acidified fermentations resulted in a reduced bloater index as compared to wild fermentations and those inoculated with the mixed starter culture.

Conclusions

Although use of an allochthonous MDC‐deficient starter culture reduces bloater index in acidified cucumber fermentations brined with CaCl2, an incomplete conversion of sugars is observed.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Economical losses due to the incidence of bloaters in commercial cucumber fermentations brined with CaCl2 may be reduced utilizing a starter culture to high cell density.  相似文献   
2.
微生物饲料添加剂是依赖益生菌及其代谢产物发挥作用的绿色、安全的添加剂,在替代抗生素方面具有良好的发展前景。由于微生物饲料添加剂具有调节动物微生态平衡、增强免疫力、提高饲料转化率和生产性能、提高畜产品品质、改善养殖环境等诸多作用,因而在畜禽、水产等养殖中发挥着日益重要的作用。从概念剖析、作用机理、主要的微生物种类以及应用效果等方面,对微生物饲料添加剂的研究与应用现状加以简要综述,以期为进一步拓展微生物饲料添加剂的应用提供参考。  相似文献   
3.
新型能源植物浮萍的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
能源需求以及化石能源所产生的环境问题已引起全世界的重视,而浮萍作为一种极具应用潜力生产生物燃料的非粮淀粉原料,目前已受到越来越多的关注。对能源浮萍的生长特性、遗传学和生化方面及其主要应用现状进行综述,并展望浮萍未来的发展前景。  相似文献   
4.
【目的】研究复合菌发酵饲料对生长育肥猪结肠发酵、结肠黏膜与结肠内容物菌群组成的影响。【方法】采用气相色谱法检测育肥猪结肠内容物中挥发性脂肪酸浓度;采用MiSeq高通量测序方法检测育肥猪结肠黏膜与内容物中细菌菌群组成。【结果】饲喂发酵饲料对结肠黏膜及内容物中菌群多样性无显著影响(P0.05);显著提高了猪结肠黏膜中魏斯菌属和柔嫩梭菌属的相对丰度(P0.05),提高了结肠内容物中魏斯菌属、Subdoligranulum菌属相对丰度(P0.05);饲喂发酵饲料对结肠内容物中pH、乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度无显著影响(P0.05),但显著提高了结肠内容物中的丁酸水平(P0.05)。【结论】饲喂复合菌发酵饲料可在一定程度上影响育肥猪结肠中细菌菌群的组成,促进丁酸生成,对肠道健康具有改善作用。  相似文献   
5.
以棉铃虫初孵幼虫为供试虫,用合成饲料和天然饲料两种饲毒法,CS3ab-1991(毒力效价Ha 15000IU/mg)为标准品对Bt 8010粉剂进行毒力测定,饲毒后的供试虫在30℃恒温下培育72小时,合成饲料饲毒法测定的CS3ab-1991 LC50=108.6±10.8μg/ml,Bt8010 LC50=197.1±15.6μg/ml,毒力效价8273.1±715.8Ha IU/mg,天然饲料饲毒法测定的CS3ab-1991 LC50=406.3±47.5μg/ml,Bt8010 LC50=705.0±86.8μg/ml,毒力效价8633.2±871.8Ha IU/mg。  相似文献   
6.
The extent and pattern of glycosylation on therapeutic antibodies can influence their circulatory half-life, engagement of effector functions, and immunogenicity, with direct consequences to efficacy and patient safety. Hence, controlling glycosylation patterns is central to any drug development program, yet poses a formidable challenge to the bio-manufacturing industry. Process changes, which can affect glycosylation patterns, range from manufacturing at different scales or sites, to switching production process mode, all the way to using alternative host cell lines. In the emerging space of biosimilars development, often times all of these aspects apply. Gaining a deep understanding of the direction and extent to which glycosylation quality attributes can be modulated is key for efficient fine-tuning of glycan profiles in a stage appropriate manner, but establishment of such platform knowledge is time consuming and resource intensive. Here we report an inexpensive and highly adaptable screening system for comprehensive modulation of glycans on antibodies expressed in CHO cells. We characterize 10 media additives in univariable studies and in combination, using a design of experiments approach to map the design space for tuning glycosylation profile attributes. We introduce a robust workflow that does not require automation, yet enables rapid process optimization. We demonstrate scalability across deep wells, shake flasks, AMBR-15 cell culture system, and 2 L single-use bioreactors. Further, we show that it is broadly applicable to different molecules and host cell lineages. This universal approach permits fine-tuned modulation of glycan product quality, reduces development costs, and enables agile implementation of process changes throughout the product lifecycle.  相似文献   
7.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on feed intake, growth performance and expression of related genes in growing lambs. A total of 24 lambs weaned at age of 50 days were divided into four block of six based on their BW, six lambs within a block were allocated to three pairs, which were then assigned randomly to three treatments with addition of rumen-protected GABA at levels of 0, 70 or 140 mg/day for 6 weeks. Dry matter intake was recorded weekly in three consecutive days, and BW was recorded every two weeks. At the end of the trial, four lambs from each group were slaughtered, and duodenum and ileum mucosa were obtained for measurement of mRNA abundance of GABA receptor and cholecystokinin receptor. Dry matter intake was higher (P<0.01) in the lambs fed 140 mg/day GABA than that in the control or 70 mg GABA-fed lambs. Average daily gain and nutrients digestibility were not different (P>0.05) among treatments. Lambs fed 140 mg/day GABA had higher mRNA abundance of GABA-B receptor (P<0.01) and lower mRNA abundance of cholecystokinin-2 receptor (P<0.01) in duodenum mucosa. Serum CCK content was lower (P<0.01) in lambs fed 140 mg/day GABA than that in control. It is indicated that GABA may enhance feed intake by regulating GABA- and cholecystokinin-related genes.  相似文献   
8.
The surgical castration of male chickens induces hormonal changes, which permanently influence metabolic processes in birds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age and castration on the growth rate, feed conversion, lipid profile and histopathological changes in the livers of cockerels and capons. The experimental materials comprised male chickens of the Green-legged Partridge breed (old traditional Polish chicken breed), raised to 28 weeks of age. At 8 weeks of age, 100 birds were castrated. Caponization had a significant effect on the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerols (P<0.05). Fatty degeneration and lymphoid cell infiltration were observed more frequently in the livers of capons than cockerels. Capon carcasses were characterized by increased deposition of abdominal and subcutaneous fat (P<0.05). Total meat weight in the carcasses of cockerels and capons was similar, but the proportions of muscles were different. From 20 weeks of age, the weight of breast muscles was higher, and the weight of leg muscles was lower in capons than in cockerels (P<0.05). Capons were characterized by higher liver weight, higher gizzard weight and lower heart weight than cockerels (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio (kg/kg BW) was similar in intact cockerels and capons. The values of carcass quality parameters and feed conversion ratio as well as histopathological changes in the liver indicate that Green-legged Partridge capons should be slaughtered at 20 to 24 weeks of age.  相似文献   
9.
【目的】考察泸型酒发酵过程中酒醅细菌群落的演替规律,探讨菌群演替与环境因素变化的相关性。【方法】采用高通量测序技术分析泸型酒酒醅细菌群落的演替规律,并运用Mantel test分析不同发酵阶段的细菌群落演替与环境因素变化的相关性。【结果】酒醅发酵过程中有397个属的微生物,其中Lactobacillus、Bacillus、Weissella、Dysgonomonas、Comamonas以及Ruminococcaceae为优势属(相对丰度1.0%)。通过聚类分析可将酒醅发酵过程划分为3个阶段:阶段I (0–5 d),阶段II (6–17 d)和阶段III(18–40d),且3个阶段的酒醅菌群结构差异显著(P0.05)。Metastats分析结果表明,与阶段I相比,阶段II酒醅细菌群落中Lactobacillus和unclassifiedLactobacillaceae相对丰度显著升高(P0.05),而unclassifiedBacillaceae、 Staphylococcus、 Bacillus、 unclassified Enterobacteriaceae、 Lactococcus、Pseudomonas、Thermoactinomyces、Leuconostoc、Staphylococcus相对丰度显著降低(P0.05)。与阶段II相比,阶段III酒醅细菌群落中Lactobacillus相对丰度显著增长(P0.05),Comamonas、Acetobacter、unclassified Bacilli、Clostridium、Bacillus、Ruminococcus、unclassified Porphyromonadaceae和unclassified Streptophyta相对丰度显著下降(P0.05)。结果表明,阶段I的细菌菌群演替与酒醅温度、水分和乙醇浓度变化线性相关(P0.05);阶段II和阶段III的细菌菌群演替与酒醅温度、水分、酸度、乙醇浓度均没有相关性(P0.05)。【结论】泸型酒酒醅中细菌群落在不同发酵阶段结构差异显著,且温度、水分以及乙醇浓度对酒醅发酵前期(0–5 d)细菌群落演替具有重要作用。  相似文献   
10.
Twenty species of Aspergillus and their teleomorphs were isolated from naturally fermented soybean pastes collected in 42 regions of China. Of which A. tubingensis, A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. candidus and A. fumigatus were predominant. The high frequency of A. flavus from the samples indicates that the traditional making method of soybean paste might possibly be harmful to food safety. Some Aspergillus species or strains isolated from the traditional food samples may be hopeful of using in pure leaven making and industrial production of soybean paste with special flavor.  相似文献   
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