首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   8892篇
  免费   1018篇
  国内免费   703篇
  2023年   122篇
  2022年   139篇
  2021年   187篇
  2020年   270篇
  2019年   270篇
  2018年   229篇
  2017年   276篇
  2016年   284篇
  2015年   263篇
  2014年   313篇
  2013年   497篇
  2012年   346篇
  2011年   340篇
  2010年   301篇
  2009年   363篇
  2008年   465篇
  2007年   495篇
  2006年   435篇
  2005年   411篇
  2004年   394篇
  2003年   431篇
  2002年   338篇
  2001年   326篇
  2000年   276篇
  1999年   277篇
  1998年   234篇
  1997年   248篇
  1996年   197篇
  1995年   168篇
  1994年   159篇
  1993年   152篇
  1992年   164篇
  1991年   120篇
  1990年   139篇
  1989年   110篇
  1988年   139篇
  1987年   89篇
  1986年   90篇
  1985年   99篇
  1984年   104篇
  1983年   56篇
  1982年   52篇
  1981年   57篇
  1980年   55篇
  1979年   24篇
  1978年   22篇
  1977年   30篇
  1976年   15篇
  1974年   13篇
  1973年   11篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Multiple classical molecular dynamics simulations have been applied to the human LOX‐1 receptor to clarify the role of the Trp150Ala mutation in the loss of binding activity. Results indicate that the substitution of this crucial residue, located at the dimer interface, markedly disrupts the wild‐type receptor dynamics. The mutation causes an irreversible rearrangement of the subunits interaction pattern that in the wild‐type protein allows the maintaining of a specific symmetrical motion of the monomers. The subunits dislocation determines a loss of linearity of the arginines residues composing the basic spine and a consequent alteration of the long‐range electrostatic attraction of the substrate. Moreover, the anomalous subunits arrangement observed in the mutated receptor also affects the integrity of the hydrophobic tunnel, actively involved in the short‐range hydrophobic recognition of the substrate. The combined effect of these structural rearrangements generates the impairing of the receptor function.  相似文献   
3.
1. Plants from different populations often display a variation in herbivore resistance. However, it is rarely understood what plant traits mediate such differences. 2. It was tested how leaf phenology affects herbivore populations in a 15‐year‐old common garden of valley oaks (Quercus lobata Née) with different populations and maternal parents from throughout the Q. lobata range. 3. The abundance of leaf miners (Stigmella sp. Shrank) and leaf phenology of oaks in the common garden was measured. 4. Leaf miner abundance varied among provenance locations (population), but not among maternal parents within populations. Leaf phenology varied by provenance location and maternal parent, and trees that leafed out earlier accrued higher leaf‐miner abundance. Path analysis indicated that leaf phenology was the likely driver of provenance and parental differences in resistance to leaf miners. 5. Understanding population differences is particularly important when considering transport of genotypes for ornamental or restoration purposes. The present study suggests that similarity in leaf phenology may be one factor that could be used to find genotypes with a similar herbivore resistance to local genotypes.  相似文献   
4.
中华金叶榆子代苗光合特性及叶片呈色机制探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中华金叶榆是普通白榆的天然黄叶突变体,黄叶性状在子代中可稳定遗传,自由授粉子一代出现黄绿性状分离。该研究以中华金叶榆子代黄叶苗和绿叶苗为试验材料,从生长速率、叶片色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光及叶绿体超微结构等方面对黄叶苗的光合特性和叶片呈色机制进行了探讨。结果显示:(1)黄叶苗生长缓慢,净光合速率(12.5μmol·m-2·s-1)显著低于绿叶苗(17.5μmol·m-2·s-1),而蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片温度显著高于绿叶苗。(2)黄叶苗和绿叶苗叶片的光合色素种类基本相同,但黄叶苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和花青素4种主要色素含量始终低于绿叶苗且相对稳定,各种色素含量在生育期内不同月份略有变化,类胡萝卜素含量始终低于叶绿素含量。(3)黄叶苗叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)发育不完全,电子传递效率低。(4)黄叶苗叶绿体内膜系统发育紊乱,基粒垛叠失败。研究表明,中华金叶榆子代黄叶苗叶绿体内膜系统发育缺陷,基粒片层垛叠失败,进而多种色素含量大幅下降,光合系统发育不完全,致使其叶片呈现黄色、光合性能下降、植株生长缓慢。  相似文献   
5.
蔡联炳 《植物研究》1996,16(3):273-280
叶片表皮、叶片横切面、花粉和淀粉粒的微观特征,对青藏高原的特有类群三蕊草属SinochaseaKeng的系统位置进行了探讨。结果表明,三蕊草S.trigynaKeng在上述微观性状上与毛蕊草Duthieabrachypodia(P.Candargy)KengetKengf.差距最小,与冠毛草Stephanachnepappophorea(Hack)Keng差距次之,与宝兴野青茅Deyeuxiamoupinensis(Franch.)Pilger和拂子茅Chlamagrostisepigeios(L.)Roth差距最大;三蕊草属的系统位置应处于毛蕊草所隶的燕麦族Aveneae中;在系统演化上,燕麦族是最原始的类群,它可能直接或间接地派生了针茅族Stipeae和剪股颖族Agrostideae。  相似文献   
6.
曹媛  杨云  徐化全  刘洋  王丹阳 《植物学报》2018,53(1):104-109
T-DNA突变体是研究基因功能的重要资源。高效热不对称交错PCR(hiTAIL-PCR)是克隆突变体中T-DNA插入位点侧翼序列的常用方法。然而我们发现,利用hiTAIL-PCR克隆到的一些侧翼序列并不对应于宿主的染色体DNA序列,而是质粒的骨架DNA片段。通过设置1组RB-S4/AC1或者LB-A4/AC1对照反应,用PCR方法鉴定了hiTAIL-PCR扩增产物中位于T-DNA侧翼的质粒骨架片段。在后续分析中,通过排除这些片段,提高了利用hiTAIL-PCR获得宿主染色体DNA片段的效率。同时,通过调整反应程序,使得整个PCR的反应时间也大为缩短。在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)T-DNA突变体drf1侧翼序列的克隆实例中,对照反应的引入将hiTAIL-PCR中需鉴定的22条扩增产物降至4条,效率提高了81.8%。  相似文献   
7.
以矢竹(Pseudosasa japonica)、花叶矢竹(P.japonica f.akebonosuji)和曙筋矢竹(P.japonica f.akebono)为研究对象,借助叶绿体超微结构和荧光动力学曲线的变化揭示不同叶色矢竹的光系统活性及光合特性差异。结果表明:3个竹种的光合色素含量差异明显,除花叶矢竹条纹叶白色部分叶绿体内无完整类囊体片层结构外,花叶矢竹绿条纹和曙筋矢竹的基粒数明显少于矢竹,叶绿体发育成熟度不一致;OJIP曲线及参数表明,花叶矢竹条纹绿叶和曙筋矢竹光系统II(PSII)反应中心开放降低程度低于矢竹,捕获能量用于电子传递的份额变小,PSII活性变弱;而曙筋矢竹叶片P700至初级电子受体(QA)的电子传递链氧化还原平衡偏向于还原侧,推测其光系统I(PSI)反应中心P700至PSII QA电子传递链受损。因此,PSII活性变化导致叶绿体发育不成熟,可能是引起矢竹类叶色差异的直接原因。  相似文献   
8.
《植物生态学报》2017,41(1):115
Aims Shrub species have evolved specific strategies to regulate biomass allocation among various organs or between above- and belowground biomass and shrub biomass model is an important approach to estimate biomass allocation among different shrub species. This study was designed to establish the optimal estimation models for each organ (leaf, stem, and root), aboveground and total biomass of 14 common shrub species in Mountain Luya, Shanxi Province, China. Furthermore, we explored biomass allocation characteristics of these shrub species by using the index of leaf biomass fraction (leaf to total biomass), stem biomass fraction (stem to total biomass), root biomass fraction (root to total biomass), and root to shoot mass ratio (R/S) (belowground to aboveground biomass).
Methods We used plant height, basal diameter, canopy diameter and their combination as variables to establish the optimal biomass estimation models for each shrub species. In addition, we used the ratios of leaf, stem, root to total biomass, and belowground to aboveground biomass to explore the difference of biomass allocation patterns of 14 shrub species.
Important findings Most of biomass estimation models could be well expressed by the exponential and linear functions. Biomass for shorter shrub species with more stems could be better estimated by canopy area; biomass for taller shrub species with less stems could be better estimated by the sum of the square of total base diameter multiply stem height; and biomass for the rest shrub species could be better estimated by canopy volume. The averaged value for these shrub species was 0.61, 0.17, 0.48, and 0.35 for R/S, leaf biomass fraction, stem biomass fraction, and root biomass fraction, respectively. Except for leaf biomass fraction, R/S, stem biomass fraction, and root biomass fraction for shrubs with thorn was significantly greater than that for shrubs without thorn.  相似文献   
9.
The anti-adhesive surfaces have always aroused great interest of worldwide scientists and engineers.But in practical applications,it often faces the threat and impact of temperature and humidity.In this work,the excellent anti-adhesive performance of maize leaf under high temperature and humidity were investigated in detail.Firstly,the adhesion forces of the maize leaf surface under different temperature and humidity were measured by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).The temperature of the substrate was varied between 23 ℃ to 100 ℃,and the ambient relative humidity is from 18% to 100%.It was found that the adhesion force of maize leaf decreased with the increase of temperature and humidity.The mechanism of its excellent anti-adhesive performance of maize leaf under high temperature and relative humidity was revealed.The transverse and longitudinal ridges on maize leaf surface interlace with each other,forming small air pockets,which reduces the actual contact area between the object and the maize leaf.With the increase of humidity,the liquid film will be formed in the air pockets gradually and so much water vapor is produced with increase of temperature.Then the air flow rate increases though the wavy top of transverse ridges,inducing the dramatic decrease of adhesion force.Inspired by this mechanism,four samples with this bionic structure were made.This functional "biomimetic structure" would have potential value in the wide medical equipments such as high frequency electric knife with anti-adhesion surface under high temperature and high humidity.  相似文献   
10.
苹果炭疽叶枯病是由胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的一种真菌病害,现已上升为世界苹果生产中的主要病害之一。了解不同来源的苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力差异及明确苹果种质资源对苹果炭疽叶枯病的抗性,对品种选育、品种合理布局以及控制病害的流行具有重要的参考价值。本研究对不同来源的79株病原菌进行了室内致病力测定,获知该菌致病力差异明显,其中强致病力菌株所占比例大。同时,本研究也对327份苹果种质资源进行了室内抗病性鉴定,其中高抗资源160份,中抗资源6份,中感资源22份,高感资源139份。表明我国现保存的苹果种质资源中存在丰富抗病种质。进一步按苹果分类系统分析发现,抗病资源在当前栽培的主要品种群中均有分布,特别是红玉品种群、富士品种群抗病资源最为丰富。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号