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1.
金银花水提物对肠道微生态失调大鼠的调整作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的研究金银花水提取物作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调大鼠肠道菌群的调整作用。方法结扎大鼠胆总管造成肠道菌群失调模型后分别以金银花、丽珠肠乐、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂、生理盐水灌胃,于灌胃4d后测定各组大鼠肠道菌群组分、乙酸含量及肝脏中肠杆菌易位情况。结果大鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复,肠道内乙酸含量增加,易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂组效果最佳。结论金银花水提物作为益生元对大鼠肠道菌群失调具有调整作用。  相似文献   
2.
Animal models play an important role in understanding the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis. Here we review the recent studies of Salmonella infection in various animal models. Although mice are a classic animal model for Salmonella, mice do not normally get diarrhea, raising the question of how well the model represents normal human infection. However, pre-treatment of mice with oral streptomycin, which apparently reduces the normal microbiota, leads to an inflammatory diarrheal response upon oral infection with Salmonella. This has led to a re-evaluation of the role of various Salmonella virulence factors in colonization of the intestine and induction of diarrhea. Indeed, it is now clear that Salmonella purposefully induces inflammation, which leads to the production of both carbon sources and terminal electron acceptors by the host that allow Salmonella to outgrow the normal intestinal microbiota. Overall use of this modified mouse model provides a more nuanced understanding of Salmonella intestinal infection in the context of the microbiota with implications for the ability to predict human risk.  相似文献   
3.
The old age-related loss of immune tolerance inflicts a person with a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the immune system that maintain immune tolerance through cytokines and regulatory T-cells generation. Aging disturbs the microbial composition of the gut, causing immune system dysregulation. However, the vis-à-vis role of gut dysbiosis on DCs tolerance remains highly elusive. Consequently, we studied the influence of aging on gut dysbiosis and its impact on the loss of DC tolerance. We show that DCs generated from either the aged (DCOld) or gut-dysbiotic young (DCDysbiotic) but not young (DCYoung) mice exhibited loss of tolerance, as evidenced by their failure to optimally induce the generation of Tregs and control the overactivation of CD4+ T cells. The mechanism deciphered for the loss of DCOld and DCDysbiotic tolerance was chiefly through the overactivation of NF-κB, impaired frequency of Tregs, upregulation in the level of pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ), and decline in the anti-inflammatory moieties (IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, IDO, arginase, NO, IRF-4, IRF-8, PDL1, BTLA4, ALDH2). Importantly, a significant decline in the frequency of the Lactobacillus genus was noticed in the gut. Replenishing the gut of old mice with the Lactobacillus plantarum reinvigorated the tolerogenic function of DCs through the rewiring of inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrate the impact of age-related gut dysbiosis on the loss of DC tolerance. This finding may open avenues for therapeutic intervention for treating age-associated disorders with the Lactobacillus plantarum.  相似文献   
4.
真菌菌群是肠道菌群的重要组成部分,在肠道微生态稳态的维持和宿主的免疫调节中发挥重要作用。肠道真菌失调通常和肠道疾病甚至肠道外疾病有关。本文就肠道真菌的定殖与组成、真菌菌群对肠道微生态的调控、菌群失调促进疾病的发展机制、基于肠道真菌的治疗策略和肠道真菌的鉴定分析方法等方面的进展进行了综述和展望,旨在系统认识肠道真菌调节宿主健康和促进疾病发生的机制,为相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供重要参考。  相似文献   
5.
Gut microbiota of food allergic children was analyzed by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Signs of gut dysbiosis, which is likely associated with gut inflammation, was observed in children with food allergies. For example, decreased abundance of genus Akkermansia but increased abundance of Veillonella was found in children with food allergy in comparison with healthy control children.  相似文献   
6.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is associated with gastrointestinal disease, systemic immune activation and changes in the gut microbiota. Here, we aim to investigate the gut microbiota patterns of HIV‐infected individuals and HIV‐uninfected individuals in populations from South China. We enrolled 33 patients with HIV (14 participants treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] for more than 3 months; the remaining 19 individuals had not received treatment) and 35 healthy controls (HC) for a cross‐sectional comparison of gut microbiota using stool samples. Gut microbial communities were profiled by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Dysbiosis was more common among patients with AIDS compared with healthy individuals. Dysbiosis was characterized by decreased α‐diversity, low mean counts of Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides vulgatus, Dialister and Roseburia inulnivorans, and high mean counts of Proteobacteria, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lachnociostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus and Streptococcus vestibularis. Increased abundance of Bacilli was observed in homosexual patients. Proteobacteria were higher among heterosexual patients with HIV infections. Tenericutes were higher among patients with history of intravenous drug abuse. Restoration of gut microbiota diversity and a significant increase in abundance of Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Bacteroides were found in patients receiving HAART compared to those who did not receive. HIV infection‐associated dysbiosis is characterized by decreased levels of α‐diversity and Bacteroidetes, increased levels of Proteobacteria and the alterations of gut microbiota correlate with the route of HIV transmission. The imbalanced faecal microbiota of HIV infection is partially restored after therapy.  相似文献   
7.
8.
小鼠肠道菌群失衡模型建立   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的利用抗生素干扰小鼠肠道菌群建立轻重程度的菌群失衡小鼠模型。方法选用不同浓度的头孢曲松钠,行小鼠灌胃,取盲肠内容物连续观察培养优势菌群变化。结果优势菌群失衡组小鼠与对照比较,盲肠体积增大,盲肠指数升高。头孢曲松钠8g/(kg·d)剂量连续灌胃8d,造成重度失衡模型,小鼠肠道只能检出肠杆菌属、链球菌属,且数量被抑制在103CFU/g以下。头孢曲松钠5g/(kg·d)剂量连续灌胃8d,造成轻度失衡模型,小鼠肠道双歧杆菌属、链球菌属和韦荣球菌属数量降至105左右,类杆菌属降至104左右。消化球菌属降至103左右,而其他菌属如乳酸杆菌属、肠球菌属和肠肝菌属等数量显著降低。结论亚致死剂量头孢曲松钠灌胃可以建立肠道菌群重度失衡模型。  相似文献   
9.
肺纤维化是一种以成纤维细胞增殖及大量细胞外基质及胶原聚集,并伴随炎症损伤为特征的呼吸系统疾病终末期改变。该疾病以肺功能障碍和呼吸衰竭为主要病理基础,发病率逐年上升,目前治疗方法有限。在肠肺之间的功能调控研究中,肠道菌群构成变化引起的机体微生态失调能够通过多种方式影响呼吸系统疾病的进程。本文聚焦于肺纤维化等肺部疾病的肠肺调控研究前沿领域,综述了多种肺纤维化疾病的致病机制、肠道菌群的功能、肠肺双向调节和益生菌群干预治疗等方面的最新进展。此外,本文也提出了该领域目前存在的问题,以期为今后的调控机制探索和治疗药物研发提供有力的理论支持及策略支撑。  相似文献   
10.
《Cell》2022,185(7):1172-1188.e28
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