神经生长因子治疗急性颅脑损伤的效果及对患者神经功能的影响

目的:研究神经生长因子在急性颅脑损伤中的治疗效果及对神经功能的影响。方法:选取2014年8月至2015年7月本院收治的82例急性颅脑损伤患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。对照组采取常规对症治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用神经生长因子治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清S100β,白介素-6(IL-6),髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平的变化情况以及临床疗效。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清S100β及IL-6水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者治疗后血清S100β及IL-6水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清MBP及NSE水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者治疗后血清MBP及NSE水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:神经生长因子治疗急性颅脑损伤的效果显著,能够改善患者免疫功能和神经功能,值得临床推广应用。     

康复运动对冠脉支架植入术后患者相关因素的影响

目的：研究心脏康复运动对冠脉支架植入术后患者血脂、血糖、体重指数及生活质量的影响。方法：对实施冠脉支架植入术的 146例患者进行比较分析，根据随机原则分为试验组76 例及对照组70 例。对照组患者给予常规的健康教育及冠心病二级预防指 导，给予定期随访。试验组患者在此基础上给予规律的康复运动指导。经过6 个月随访，比较两组患者血脂、HbA1C、体重指数及 生活质量情况。结果：试验组患者通过为期6 个月的规律的心脏康复运动指导，其血脂、HbA1C等冠心病危险因素控制情况优于 对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时，6个月后，试验组康复运动六月后sF 量表各项评分与对照组同期比较，差异均有统计 学意义(P<0.05)。结论：规范的心脏康复运动指导能够有效改善冠脉支架植入术后患者血脂、血糖情况，提高患者生活质量。     

Drought‐stress and plant resistance affect herbivore performance and proteome: the case of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Little is known about the simultaneous effects of drought stress and plant resistance on herbivorous insects. By subjecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer to well‐watered and drought‐stressed plants of both susceptible and resistant peach (Prunus persica), the effects of both stressors on aphid performance and proteomics are tested. Overall, the influence of the water treatment on aphid performance is less pronounced than the effect of host plant genetic resistance. On the susceptible cultivar, aphid survival, host acceptance and ability to colonize the plant do not depend on water treatment. On the resistant cultivar, aphid survival and ability to colonize are higher on drought‐stressed than on well‐watered plants. A study examining the pattern of protein expression aiming to explain the variation in aphid performance finds higher protein expression in aphids on the drought‐stressed susceptible cultivars compared with the well‐watered ones. In the susceptible cultivar, the regulated proteins are related to energy metabolism and exoskeleton functionality, whereas, in the resistant cultivar, the proteins are involved with the cytoskeleton. Comparison of the protein expression ratios for resistant versus susceptible plants reveals that four proteins are down‐regulated in well‐watered plants and 15 proteins are down‐regulated in drought‐stressed plants. Drought stress applied to the susceptible cultivar induces the regulation of proteins in M. persicae that enable physiological adaptation to maintain an almost unaltered aphid performance. By contrast, for aphids on the resistant cultivar subjected to drought stress, the down‐regulation of proteins responds to an induced host susceptibility effect.     

Annual Records of Airborne Pollen of Poaceae in Five Areas in Lagos,Nigeria

Poaceae pollen grains are known to be highly allergenic and they are potential causes of allergic respiratory diseases. In order to investigate the incidence of airborne Poaceae, and contribute to current trends in the development of aeropalynology/allergy studies in Nigeria, five highly populated locations in Central Lagos State, Surulere, Ebute-Metta, University of Lagos, Bariga and Gbagada, were sampled. Gravimetric aerosamples were collected monthly from January 2013 to December 2014. The lowest count in 2013 was recorded in the Ebute-Metta area (179), while the highest in 2013 was recorded in Gbagada (564). In 2014, the Surulere area (282) had the lowest count while Bariga (671) had the highest. The locations have similar monthly pollen distribution pattern but different peak months. Generally, Poaceae pollen counts were lowest in the months of June and July. These are therefore the safest months for Poaceae pollen hypersensitive individuals in the study areas. Relative humidity was the most important meteorological parameter with significant correlations in Ebute-Metta and Bariga locations. Results from this work will form the basis for a forecast service required to inform and educate the general public and allergy sufferers about Poaceae pollen distribution in Lagos State.     

血浆置换与血浆灌流联合治疗肝衰竭的疗效及对炎症因子及肝功能的影响

目的:探讨血浆置换(PE)与血浆灌流(PP)联合治疗肝衰竭的疗效和安全性,以及其对炎症因子和肝功能的影响。方法:选择2014年2月至2016年2月我院收治的98例肝衰竭患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各49例。实验组行PE联合PP治疗,对照组行单纯PE治疗。采用全自动生化分析仪检测治疗前后患者肝功能指标;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中炎症因子C-反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平。对比两组患者临床总有效率、不良反应发生率以及治疗前后肝功能指标和炎症因子水平。结果:实验组临床总有效率为91.84%,显著高于对照组的73.47%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为10.20%,明显低于对照组的38.78%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)和血氨(NH3)水平明显下降(均P0.05),白蛋白(ALB)和凝血酶活动度(PTA)明显上升(均P0.05),治疗后实验组血清ALT、TBIL和NH3水平均低于对照组,ALB和PTA水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后血清中炎症因子CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于治疗前,实验组血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:PE与PP联合治疗肝衰竭具有较好的疗效,且不良反应发生率较低,可有效清除炎症因子,改善肝功能,提高患者生存质量。     

Is xenodontine snake reproduction shaped by ancestry,more than by ecology?

One of the current challenges of evolutionary ecology is to understand the effects of phylogenetic history (PH) and/or ecological factors (EF) on the life‐history traits of the species. Here, the effects of environment and phylogeny are tested for the first time on the reproductive biology of South American xenodontine snakes. We studied 60% of the tribes of this endemic and most representative clade in a temperate region of South America. A comparative method (canonical phylogenetic ordination—CPO) was used to find the relative contributions of EF and PH upon life‐history aspects of snakes, comparing the reproductive mode, mean fecundity, reproductive potential, and frequency of nearly 1,000 specimens. CPO analysis showed that PH or ancestry explained most of the variation in reproduction, whereas EF explained little of this variation. The reproductive traits under study are suggested to have a strong phylogenetic signal in this clade, the ancestry playing a big role in reproduction. The EF also influenced the reproduction of South American xenodontines, although to a lesser extent. Our finding provides new evidence of how the evolutionary history is embodied in the traits of living species.     

濒危植物永瓣藤叶片功能性状对环境因子的响应

植物叶片功能性状能够响应环境条件的变化，反应了植物对环境的适应策略。当前，针对藤本植物叶片功能性状地理格局及其环境驱动力的研究较少。以国家重点保护植物永瓣藤（Monimopetalum chinense）为研究对象，对其分布区内11个种群的15个叶片功能性状进行测量，并结合气候、土壤因子来解释叶性状变异。比较叶片性状在局域和区域尺度上的种内变异程度，利用多元逐步回归分析环境因子对叶性状的影响。结果表明，在局域尺度上，永瓣藤叶功能性状变异系数介于3.0%-22.5%，其中，叶面积变异程度最大，叶片碳含量变异最小。永瓣藤叶片形状随纬度上升而变得宽且圆。叶片磷含量相对较低，永瓣藤的生长可能受到了磷限制。土壤与气候因子是叶片性状的重要驱动因素，解释了25%-97%的叶片性状变异。在温度和水分充足的情况下，永瓣藤叶片趋向于的慢速生长的保守策略。总体来说，永瓣藤叶片功能性状通过一定的种内变异和性状组合，并与气候、土壤因子相互作用，适应当前的环境条件。