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1.
人二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, hDHODH)是催化嘧啶从头合成途径的一个关键酶。近年来,多种研究表明,抑制该酶可缓解类风湿性关节炎的症状。但该酶的抑制剂甚少,寻找该酶的高效抑制剂具有重要意义。本研究利用PCR技术扩增hDHODH基因,构建重组质粒pET-19b-hDHODH,并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E.coli ) BL21(DE3)中表达,获得可溶性蛋白质。用Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱对蛋白质进行纯化,获得较高(90%)纯度的hDHODH蛋白,将蛋白质与抑制剂3-(5-乙硫基)-1H-1, 2, 4-三氮唑-3-)苯甲酸和底物DHO混合孵育。用Hampton试剂盒初筛晶体并用棋盘法进行优化,获得晶形完美、衍射能力很强的hDHODH蛋白复合物单晶。用X射线衍射晶体,用CCP4、Coot软件解析结构,获得hDHODH蛋白复合物晶体结构。从解析的结构中可以看出,抑制剂与蛋白质的吻合度非常高,且抑制剂通过亲水的羧基端与蛋白质356位和147位的酪氨酸形成氢键网络。抑制剂的5元环与蛋白质359位的亮氨酸和360位的苏氨酸相互作用,使抑制剂与蛋白质牢固结合。该复合物晶体结构的顺利解析,将为开发新型特异性抗类风湿性关节炎药物提供重要基础。  相似文献   
2.
Accumulation of either native membrane-bound or soluble variants of PBP5 over-expressed in the cytoplasm was investigated by electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections. One of the soluble forms of PBP5 (PBP5s353) formed well-ordered crystals inside the cells. Cells sectioned perpendicular to their long axis showed a diamond-shaped crystal whereas cells cut parallel to their long axis contained a long, narrow crystal. In both sectioning directions an ordered ultrastructure was visible as shown by optical diffraction. Computer processing was used to enhance the crystal images. From this the unit cell parameters were calculated as a = 7.6 nm, b = 4 nm, c = 4.2 nm, gamma = 75 degrees. The calculated unit-cell volume of 120 nm3 is large enough to contain one protein molecule.  相似文献   
3.
Mammalian immune receptor diversity is established via a unique restricted set of site-specific DNA rearrangements in lymphoid cells, known as V(D)J recombination. The lymphoid-specific RAG1-RAG2 protein complex (RAG1/2) initiates this process by binding to two types of recombination signal sequences (RSS), 12RSS and 23RSS, and cleaving at the boundaries of RSS and V, D, or J gene segments, which are to be assembled into immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. Here we dissect the ordered assembly of the RAG1/2 heterotetramer with 12RSS and 23RSS DNAs. We find that RAG1/2 binds only a single 12RSS or 23RSS and reserves the second DNA-binding site specifically for the complementary RSS, to form a paired complex that reflects the known 12/23 rule of V(D)J recombination. The assembled RAG1/2 paired complex is active in the presence of Mg2+, the physiologically relevant metal ion, in nicking and double-strand cleavage of both RSS DNAs to produce a signal-end complex. We report here the purification and initial crystallization of the RAG1/2 signal-end complex for atomic-resolution structure elucidation. Strict pairing of the 12RSS and 23RSS at the binding step, together with information from the crystal structure of RAG1/2, leads to a molecular explanation of the 12/23 rule.  相似文献   
4.
Although amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates are two types of aggregates formed by denatured proteins, their relationship currently remains unclear. We used β2-microglobulin (β2m), a protein responsible for dialysis-related amyloidosis, to clarify the mechanism by which proteins form either amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates. When ultrasonication was used to accelerate the spontaneous fibrillation of β2m at pH 2.0, the effects observed depended on ultrasonic power; although stronger ultrasonic power effectively accelerated fibrillation, excessively strong ultrasonic power decreased the amount of fibrils formed, as monitored by thioflavin T fluorescence. An analysis of the products formed indicated that excessively strong ultrasonic power generated fibrillar aggregates that retained β-structures but without high efficiency as seeds. On the other hand, when the spontaneous fibrillation of β2m was induced at higher concentrations of NaCl at pH 2.0 with stirring, amorphous aggregates became more dominant than amyloid fibrils. These apparent complexities in fibrillation were explained comprehensively by a competitive mechanism in which supersaturation-limited reactions competed with supersaturation-unlimited reactions. We link the kinetics of protein aggregation and a conformational phase diagram, in which supersaturation played important roles.  相似文献   
5.
Human γD-crystallin (HGD) has remarkable stability against condensation in the human lens, sometimes over a whole lifetime. The native protein has a surface exposed free cysteine that forms dimers (Benedek, 1997; Ramkumar et al., 1864)1,2 without specific biological function and leads to further protein association and/or aggregation, which creates a paradox for understanding its stability. Previous work has demonstrated that chemical modification of the protein at the free cysteine (C110), increases the temperature at which liquid–liquid phase separation occurs (LLPS), lowers protein solubility and suggests an important role for this amino acid in maintaining its long-term resistance to condensation. Here we demonstrate that mutation of the cysteine does not alter the structure or solubility (liquidus) line for the protein, but dramatically increases the protein crystal nucleation rate following LLPS, suggesting that the free cysteine has a vital role in suppressing crystallization in the human lens.  相似文献   
6.
Structural studies of membrane proteins, especially small membrane proteins, are associated with well-known experimental challenges. Complexation with monoclonal antibody fragments is a common strategy to augment such proteins; however, generating antibody fragments that specifically bind a target protein is not trivial. Here we identify a helical epitope, from the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the gp41-transmembrane subunit of the HIV envelope protein, that is recognized by several well-characterized antibodies and that can be fused as a contiguous extension of the N-terminal transmembrane helix of a broad range of membrane proteins. To analyze whether this MPER-epitope tag might aid structural studies of small membrane proteins, we determined an X-ray crystal structure of a membrane protein target that does not crystallize without the aid of crystallization chaperones, the Fluc fluoride channel, fused to the MPER epitope and in complex with antibody. We also demonstrate the utility of this approach for single particle electron microscopy with Fluc and two additional small membrane proteins that represent different membrane protein folds, AdiC and GlpF. These studies show that the MPER epitope provides a structurally defined, rigid docking site for antibody fragments that is transferable among diverse membrane proteins and can be engineered without prior structural information. Antibodies that bind to the MPER epitope serve as effective crystallization chaperones and electron microscopy fiducial markers, enabling structural studies of challenging small membrane proteins.  相似文献   
7.
【背景】限制性内切酶Mlu I是一种常用的工具酶,在分子生物学领域发挥着重要的作用,其三维结构尚未被解析。【目的】在大肠杆菌中克隆表达、纯化重组Mlu I蛋白及其硒代蛋白,并进行结晶条件的研究。【方法】构建重组表达载体pET28b-Mlu I,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中诱导表达,利用亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析纯化重组Mlu I蛋白和硒代Mlu I蛋白。对蛋白进行质谱检测、圆二色谱检测以及酶活检测,利用坐滴法进行结晶条件的筛选。【结果】构建了重组表达载体pET28b-Mlu I并纯化获得达到结晶纯度的蛋白,通过质谱检测确定硒代Mlu I蛋白中的8个甲硫氨酸全部被取代,结合酶活测试及圆二色谱检测确定了硒代对Mlu I蛋白的活性、结构无明显影响。采用坐滴法进行初步的晶体生长研究,重组蛋白目前已在1种条件下获得针状晶体并进行初步衍射,获得分辨率在0.32 nm左右的衍射数据。【结论】Mlu I蛋白及硒代Mlu I蛋白纯化体系的构建和结晶条件的研究,可为下一步解析Mlu I三维结构、作用机制的探讨及定向改造奠定基础。  相似文献   
8.
本文研究了采用无溶剂直接酯化法合成得到的α-亚麻酸甾醇酯的理化特性、脂溶性、结晶特性、油脂氧化稳定性。结果表明,α-亚麻酸甾醇酯具有理想的理化特性,酸价和过氧化值分别为1.2 mg KOH/g和0.56meq/kg,反式脂肪酸含量小于0.1%,在不同植物油脂中的溶解性达到30%以上,结晶温度区间在-25.9~-29.6℃之间。α-亚麻酸甾醇酯在大豆油、油菜籽油和亚麻籽油中的浓度分别小于0.1%、0.1%和0.3%,油脂的氧化诱导时间随浓度增加而增加。因此α-亚麻酸甾醇酯良好的理化特性表明其在不同形态食品、保健品和医药产品等中将具有较广的应用范围,是一种具有较高营养价值的功能性食品添加剂。  相似文献   
9.
Surface lysine methylation (SLM) is a technique for improving the rate of success of protein crystallization by chemically methylating lysine residues. The exact mechanism by which SLM enhances crystallization is still not clear. To study these mechanisms, and to analyze the conditions where SLM will provide the optimal benefits for rescuing failed crystallization experiments, we compared 40 protein structures containing N,N-dimethyl-lysine (dmLys) to a nonredundant set of 18,972 nonmethylated structures from the PDB. By measuring the relative frequency of intermolecular contacts (where contacts are defined as interactions between the residues in proximity with a distance of 3.5 Å or less) of basic residues in the methylated versus nonmethylated sets, dmLys-Glu contacts are seen more frequently than Lys-Glu contacts. Based on observation of the 10 proteins with both native and methylated structures, we propose that the increased rate of contact for dmLys-Glu is due to both a slight increase in the number of amine-carboxyl H-bonds and to the formation of methyl C–H···O interactions. By comparing the relative contact frequencies of dmLys with other residues, the mechanism by which methylation of lysines improves the formation of crystal contacts appears to be similar to that of Lys to Arg mutation. Moreover, analysis of methylated structures with the surface entropy reduction (SER) prediction server suggests that in many cases SLM of predicted SER sites may contribute to improved crystallization. Thus, tools that analyze protein sequences and mark residues for SER mutation may identify proteins with good candidate sites for SLM.  相似文献   
10.
The selenium-containing phycocyanin from the selenium-rich algae (Spirulina platensis) has been crystallized in two crystal forms by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion techniques. A chromatographic procedure of gel filtration and anion exchange was used for purification. Form I crystal with space group P21 and cell parameters a =108.0 Å , b = 117.0 Å , c = 184.0 Å , β = 90.2° and 12(αβ ) units in the asymmetric unit was obtained by using (NH4)2SO4 as precipitant. These crystals diffract up to 2.8 Å . Form II crystal obtained by using PEG4000 as precipitant belongs to space group P63 with unit cell constants a = 155.0 Å , c = 40.3 Å , γ =120.0° and one(αβ ) unit in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract beyond 2.9 Å . The possible stacking forms of phycocyanin molecules in the first crystal form were discussed.  相似文献   
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