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1.
目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌术后并发乳糜胸对患者生活质量的影响。方法:采用生活质量测定量表(QLQ-C30)回顾性分析第四军医大学唐都医院胸外科自2013年至2016年中收治的1015例肺癌手术患者的生活质量,发生乳糜胸组记为A组,未发生乳糜胸组记为B组。对比术前和术后1、3、6和12个月的生活质量有无统计学差异。结果:(1)术后1月时,除了社会功能、便秘、腹泻以外,两组生活质量指标评分均显著低于术前,且B组均显著低于A组,有统计学差异(表3,P0.05)。在手术后3月及以后逐渐恢复,至12月时,各组指标与术前基本相同(表3,P0.05);(2)两组术后生活质量相比较,术后1、3月,除社会功能、便秘、腹泻以外,其余生活质量功能指标B组均显著优于A组,有统计学差异(表3,P0.05)。在手术后6月及以后,B组所有指标与A组无统计学差异(表3,P0.05)。结论:肺癌根治术后发生乳糜胸患者生活质量显著低于未发生乳糜胸患者,因此应合理选择手术方式,注意术中操作,降低乳糜胸发生率,提高肺癌患者术后的生活质量。  相似文献   
2.
调亏灌溉对菘蓝水分利用及产量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过探究水分调亏对河西地区膜下滴灌菘蓝(Isatis indigotica)各项生理指标、产量和水分利用的影响,为菘蓝高效节水种植提供理论指导。于2016年在河西走廊中部张掖市民乐县益民灌溉试验站进行菘蓝水分调亏研究,在保持苗期和肉质根成熟期充分灌溉的情况下,在菘蓝营养生长期和肉质根生长期分别进行轻度、中度和重度的水分亏缺处理,并测定各项光合生理指标、产量和水分利用率。结果表明,营养生长期和肉质根生长期的中度与重度水分亏缺显著降低了菘蓝叶片净光合速率、叶面积指数、株高及主根长,并且随水分亏缺程度加重降幅增大;而轻度水分亏缺与对照组的差异不显著。营养生长期和肉质根生长期轻度水分亏缺处理的菘蓝产量与水分利用效率最高,分别达到8 239.56 kg·hm~(–2)和24.11kg·hm~(–2)·mm~(–1);其它水分亏缺处理组产量和水分利用效率均有所降低,与对照组之间差异显著(P0.05),重度水分亏缺处理各项指标均最低。因此,最优的菘蓝水分调控处理为营养生长期和肉质根生长期的轻度水分调亏,能够降低菘蓝耗水量,提高水分利用效率且其产量不会降低。  相似文献   
3.
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway drives reverse topology membrane fission events within multiple cellular pathways, including cytokinesis, multivesicular body biogenesis, repair of the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane vesicle formation, and HIV budding. The AAA ATPase Vps4 is recruited to membrane necks shortly before fission, where it catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT-III lattice. The N-terminal Vps4 microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains initially bind the C-terminal MIT-interacting motifs (MIMs) of ESCRT-III subunits, but it is unclear how the enzyme then remodels these substrates in response to ATP hydrolysis. Here, we report quantitative binding studies that demonstrate that residues from helix 5 of the Vps2p subunit of ESCRT-III bind to the central pore of an asymmetric Vps4p hexamer in a manner that is dependent upon the presence of flexible nucleotide analogs that can mimic multiple states in the ATP hydrolysis cycle. We also find that substrate engagement is autoinhibited by the Vps4p MIT domain and that this inhibition is relieved by binding of either Type 1 or Type 2 MIM elements, which bind the Vps4p MIT domain through different interfaces. These observations support the model that Vps4 substrates are initially recruited by an MIM-MIT interaction that activates the Vps4 central pore to engage substrates and generate force, thereby triggering ESCRT-III disassembly.  相似文献   
4.
Many modern cities have strongly invested in the sustainability of their urban water management system. Nordic cities like Stockholm or Copenhagen are amongst pioneers in investments towards integrated urban water management. However, cities can never be fully self-sufficient due to their dependency on external (water) resources. In this paper, we quantify this water dependency with respect to food consumption in nine cities located in the five Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland), by means of the water footprint concept. Detailed urban water footprint assessments are scarce in the literature. By analysing national nutrition surveys, we find that urban food intake behaviour differs from national food intake behaviour. In large Nordic cities people eat generally less potatoes, milk products (without cheese), meat and animal fats and they drink less coffee than outside city borders. On the other hand, they generally eat more vegetables and vegetable oils and they drink more tea and alcoholic beverages. This leads consistently – for the six large Nordic cities Stockholm, Malmö, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo and Reykjavik – to slightly smaller food related urban water footprints (−2 to −6%) than national average values. We also analyse the water footprint for different diets based upon Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) for these cities. We assessed three healthy diet scenarios: 1) including meat (HEALTHY-MEAT), 2) pesco-vegetarian (HEALTHY-PESCO-VEG) and 3) vegetarian (HEALTHY-VEG). This shows that Nordic urban dwellers 1) eat too many animal products (red meat, milk and milk products) and sugar and drink too much alcohol and 2) they eat not enough vegetables, fruit and products from the group pulses, nuts and oilcrops. Their overall energy and protein intake is too high. A shift to a healthy diet with recommended energy and protein intake reduces the urban WF related to food consumption substantially. A shift to HEALTHY-MEAT results in a reduction of −9 to −24%, for HEALTHY-PESCO-VEG the reduction is −29 to −37%, for HEALTHY-VEG the reduction is −36 to −44%. In other words, Nordic urban dwellers can save a lot of water by shifting to a healthy diet.  相似文献   
5.
Nowadays, particulate matter, especially that with small dimension as PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, is the air quality indicator most commonly associated with a number of adverse health effects. In this paper it is analyzed the impact that a natural event, such as the transport of Saharan dust, can have on increasing the particulate matter concentration in Sicily.Consulting the data of daily PM10 concentration, acquired by air quality monitoring network belonging to “Agenzia Regionale Protezionedell’ Ambiente” (Environmental Protection Regional Agency), it was possible to analyze the trend from 2013 to 2015. The days, in which the limit value was exceeded, were subjected to combined analysis. It was based on three models: interpretations of the air masses back-trajectories, using the atmospheric model HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated trajectory); on the calculation of the concentration on the ground and at high altitude particulate applying DREAM model (Dust REgional atmospheric model) and on the calculation of the concentration of mineral aerosols according to the atmospheric optical thickness (AOT) applying NAAPS model (Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System).The daily limit value exceedances were attributed to the transport of Saharan dust events exclusively when the three models were in agreement with each other. Identifying the natural events, it was possible to quantify the contribution of the Saharan dust and consequently the reduction of the exceedances number. To quantify the contribution of Saharan dust on daily PM10 concentration, it was calculated the regional background in according to precautionary approach recommended by “Guidance on the quantification of the contribution of natural sources under the EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC”, when the application of the method cannot be validated with chemical analysis, as in this case. In this study is obtained, as the most important quantitative goal, the convergence of the three models to the same result. So, is evident that exceedances of the daily limit value that occurred from 2013 to 2015 in Sicily can be attributed, in most cases, to the Saharan dust intrusion.  相似文献   
6.
Wetlands exist in complex ecological conditions that are changeable in time and space in terms of function and structural diversity. In recent decades, wetlands have been exposed to a wide range of threats. Assessment of these threats is essential to develop an understanding of the state of a wetland ecosystem and to develop a suitable management strategy. This paper discusses wetland vulnerability in terms of analysis of human and environmental systems from application of the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework. This assessment presented a systematic methodology for assessment of wetland vulnerability in a social-ecological approach applying broad-scale ecosystem services and vulnerability functions. The method combined the hydro-geomorphic approach with estimations of vulnerability indicators and DPSIR analysis. The aim of this paper was to assess vulnerability of wetland ecosystem services and to characterize the threat indicators according to importance, severity, and probability of occurrence. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to characterize values for these three indicators. The Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method was used to prioritize threats and impacts of the wetland on the basis of experts’ opinions. The proposed methodology was applied to the Choghakhor international wetland landscape in south-western Iran. Vulnerability assessment revealed that water requirement of the lowland and the water transfer system were the most important factors threatening the wetland. Agricultural activities, settlements and urban areas, drought, tourism, population growth, and mining activities in the upland were the next most important priorities, in that order. Hydrological balance was determined as the most vulnerable function and was considered as the most important function in the Choghakhor wetland. The DPSIR model was used to determine a management strategy to reduce vulnerability of ecosystem services in response to drivers, pressures, states and impacts indicated by modelling.  相似文献   
7.
We introduce the computer tool “Know Your Samples” (KYSS) for assessment and visualisation of large scale proteomics datasets, obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) experiments. KYSS facilitates the evaluation of sample preparation protocols, LC peptide separation, and MS and MS/MS performance by monitoring the number of missed cleavages, precursor ion charge states, number of protein identifications and peptide mass error in experiments. KYSS generates several different protein profiles based on protein abundances, and allows for comparative analysis of multiple experiments. KYSS was adapted for blood plasma proteomics and provides concentrations of identified plasma proteins. We demonstrate the utility of the KYSS tool for MS based proteome analysis of blood plasma and for assessment of hydrogel particles for depletion of abundant proteins in plasma. The KYSS software is open source and is freely available at http://kyssproject.github.io/.  相似文献   
8.
Accurate compositional analysis in biofuel feedstocks is imperative; the yields of individual components can define the economics of an entire process. In the nascent industry of algal biofuels and bioproducts, analytical methods that have been deemed acceptable for decades are suddenly critical for commercialization. We tackled the question of how the strain and biochemical makeup of algal cells affect chemical measurements. We selected a set of six procedures (two each for lipids, protein, and carbohydrates): three rapid fingerprinting methods and three advanced chromatography-based methods. All methods were used to measure the composition of 100 samples from three strains: Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., and Nannochloropsis sp. The data presented point not only to species-specific discrepancies but also to cell biochemistry-related discrepancies. There are cases where two respective methods agree but the differences are often significant with over- or underestimation of up to 90%, likely due to chemical interferences with the rapid spectrophotometric measurements. We provide background on the chemistry of interfering reactions for the fingerprinting methods and conclude that for accurate compositional analysis of algae and process and mass balance closure, emphasis should be placed on unambiguous characterization using methods where individual components are measured independently.  相似文献   
9.
A system of capillary silica monolith with bovine serum albumin (BSA) functionalized through two approaches for affinity monolithic capillary electrochromatography (AMCEC) was developed. Covalent immobilization conditions for two different Schiff base methods, which employed 3-glycidopropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTS) and 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTS) as starting materials, respectively, were investigated to obtain good and stable chiral separation. The BSA immobilized silica monoliths were evaluated in terms of morphology, electroosmotic flow, retention time, column efficiency and resolution of model compound (±)-tryptophan. The columns exhibited satisfactory run-to-run, column-to-column repeatability and maintained their enantioselectivity for more than 3 months. Both developed methods can baseline separate tryptophan enantiomers, whereas shorter retention time, better column efficiency, and enantiomeric recognition between two pairs of drug enantiomers (pantoprazole and atenolol) were obtained by the GPTS method.  相似文献   
10.
疾病资源库在转化医学发展中发挥着重要作用,收集人类遗传资源和疾病相关资源信息,建设疾病资源库越来越受到重视。首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院在建设乙型肝炎和艾滋病疾病资源库的过程中,总结疾病资源库建设经验,为中国疾病资源库建设的标准化提供参考。  相似文献   
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