Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (ddtc) on the plasma biotransformations of tetrachloro(d,i-trans)-1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(iv) (tetraplatin) in fischer 344 rats

We have studied the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) on the biotransformations of toxic doses of tetrachloro (d,l-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(IV) (tetraplatin) in Fischer 344 rats. In animals not treated with DDTC, tetraplatin was rapidly converted to dichloro(d,I-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II) [PtCl₂(dach]. Subsequent biotransformations included the transient formation of the (d,I-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexane-aquachloroplatinum(II) [Pt(H₂O)(Cl)(dach)]+ complex, followed by formation of the platinum (Pt)-methionine and either Pt-cysteine or Pt-ornithine complexes. Significant amounts of free (d,I-trans) 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (dach) were observed in plasma as a result of intracellular trans-labilization reactions. DDTC caused a marked decrease in both total and protein-bound platinum in the circulation. A significant increase in the plasma concentration of free dach was also observed as a result of formation of the Pt(DDTC)₂ complex. Some of the free dach could have arisen from intracellular reactions with DDTC, but the displacement of platinum from plasma proteins was more than sufficient to account for the increase in free dach in the circulation. DDTC treatment also decreased plasma concentrations of tetraplatin, PtCl₂(dach), [Pt(H₂O)(Cl)(dach)]⁺, the Pt-methionine complex, and one unidentified biotransformation product, but had no effect on the Pt-cysteine (or Pt-ornithine) complex. These effects of DDTC on protein-bound platinum and low-molecular-weight biotransformation products in plasma may contribute to the decrease in tetraplatin toxicity seen in DDTC-treated rats.     

Cartography and Clandestinité in Leïla Sebbar’s Shérazade: 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts

In this paper, I read Leïla Sebbar’s staging in her novel Shérazade: 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts of the resistance by children of North African and other immigrants in the early 1980s to the French state’s cartographic modes and documents of control. The paper will consider the many uses to which the map was put by the French state in its colonization of North Africa and particularly Algeria, and later in its attempts to control the banlieues its policies of citizenship and cartographic control yielded on the margins of Paris. In this context, I will explore the ways in which the novel’s characters, living clandestinely in a squatt, simultaneously resist, put to use, and even supercede state documents of control as they disrupt everyday life and conduct heists across the city of Paris. The paper will explore unofficial cartographies of Paris, from those afforded by the radios libres and alternative publications such as Libération and Sans Frontièrez, to oral and almost proverbial networks of knowledge criss-crossing the city of Paris, while also tracing the uses to which supplemental cartographic sketches and counterfeit identity cards are put in the pages of the novel. The paper will be in dialogue with theoretical and critical formulations of space, cartography, and state control put forward by Michel de Certeau, Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, and Tom Conley. The paper will conclude with a consideration of the means and limits of resistance by the novel’s characters in the context of this body of theory and criticism.     

城市景观生态风险评估框架与实践——以北京天坛地区为例

当前，城市景观生态风险研究缺少科学合理、方便实用的评估框架。作者基于景观生态风险评估基本范式，明确了城市景观生态服务价值的测算方法，分析了引起生态损害的自然因素和人类活动因素，形成了城市景观生态风险评估的技术框架和参数体系；继而以北京天坛地区为研究区，开展了典型城市景观生态风险的定量评估。结果表明：（1）天坛地区景观生态价值总量约为2.41亿元。区域的历史文化价值最高，教育和美学景观价值紧随其后。（2）城市景观生态受损概率呈现"北高南低"的空间分布格局。生态受损概率的高值区面积占整个区域总面积的22.2%，主要分布在珠市口、磁器口和崇文门附近区域。（3）城市景观生态风险呈现"北低南高"的空间分布格局。高风险区主要分布在天坛公园内的文物建筑周边。本研究提供了一个可参考的城市景观生态风险评估应用框架，对生态风险评估中的不确定性进行了讨论，研究针对天坛案例区的具体结论有助于城市管理者避免潜在的风险。     

基于价值评估的黄山市生境质量时空演变特征分析

评价与分析特定区域的生境质量及其时空变化对其生态安全格局构建、可持续发展意义重大。本文以典型旅游城市黄山市为研究区，综合生态系统服务价值评价模型、基于NPP与NDVI的生境质量指数评价、InVEST生境质量评价模型、空间分析等模型与方法对黄山市1987-2017年生境质量进行研究。结果表明：（1）1987-2007年，黄山市生境质量总值持续下降，2017出现回升，但生境受到的威胁仍增加，生境最优区为北部太平湖区域，生境质量低值主要分布在各县区主城区；生境质量栅格等级变化以4等级转变为3等级为主。（2）1987-2017年，黄山市105个乡镇（街道）中有84个乡镇（街道）生境质量有所下降，主要分布在东部区域；北部环太平湖区域的乡镇为生境质量"高高"型聚集区及热点区域，屯溪区、徽州区南部、歙县、休宁县主城区的各镇为生境质量"低低"型聚集区及冷点区域。（3）黄山市城市发展对生境质量影响较大，大体上距离城市中心点越近的圈层，生境质量越差；距离黄山市旅游中心点10-20、30-40、40-50 km的3个圈层形成生境质量低值点，为旅游与城区互助发展的结果；黄山市旅游与生境质量空间分布相关性较强，旅游设施、景区核密度越高，低等级生境质量占比越高。     

格网尺度下典型旅游城市生态服务价值估算和时空分异特征——以三亚为例

以典型旅游城市三亚市为案例地，利用2006-2018年4期Landsat遥感影像数据，借助ENVI、ArcGIS平台定量识别土地利用演变特征，在1km×1km格网尺度下估算旅游地生态系统服务价值，并结合空间探索性数据分析揭示生态系统服务价值时空分异特征及其与旅游地发展的时空耦合关系。结果表明：（1）2006-2018年间，三亚市生态系统服务价值总量呈逐年下降趋势，由6.73×10⁹元降至5.76×10⁹元，累计减少9.78×10⁸元；（2）空间格局上，三亚市呈"南低北高"空间分异格局，2006-2018年增值区域连片分布于崖州区、天涯区、吉阳区南部区域，且呈逐年减少趋势，减值区域集聚于天涯区东北部、海棠区；（3）空间集聚上，生态系统服务价值截面各年份均呈显著空间正相关且相关性先降后增。高高集聚区位于天涯区北部区域，低低集聚区分布于沿海、海湾地区；（4）旅游发展与生态系统服务价值时空演化特征关联性较强。三亚市天涯区北部林地生态环境良好，生态系统服务价值略有下降但绝对数值稳定，是生态系统服务价值主要来源；旅游发展较为迅速的三亚湾、崖州湾以及海棠湾，相对增值区域较多，但绝对生态系统服务价值损失显著，严重滞后于其他区域。     

建阳市农村生态建设的工程与效益

建阳市位于闽北中心，属亚热带季风气候，光热资源丰富，境内多年平均降水量１７４６２ｍｍ，全市森林２３４７８０２×１０５ｈａ，覆盖率达６９４％。土地总面积３３８３×１０５ｈａ，其中耕地３０４４×１０４ｈａ，林地２７６４８７×１０５ｈａ。全市土...     

城市行道树对交通环境的响应

以远离交通环境的公园作为相对清洁区,研究了位于广东佛山种植最普遍的8种城市行道树树黄葛榕(FicusvirensAit.var.sublanceolata(Miq.)Corner),大叶紫薇(Lagerstroemiaspeciosa(L.)Pers.),芒果(MangiferaindicaL.),细叶榕(FicusmicrocarpaL.),阴香(Cinnamomumburmanii(Nees)Bl.),垂叶榕(FicusbenjaminaL.),白兰(MicheliaalbaDC.),红花羊蹄甲(BauhiniablakeanaDunn)在交通密集区生长在不同方位的植物器官对交通环境的响应。结果表明,交通密集区的城市行道树的叶片和树皮器官吸收重金属铅和镉、硫含量、电导率和pH值等指标在不同的方位呈现显著的差别,即城市行道树位于快车道一侧生长的植物的器官(以下简称P1)、位于面向人行道一侧生长的植物的器官(以下简称P2)及相对清洁区采集的植物样品(以下简称P0)各指标测定值的分析结果为:其叶片和树皮硫、重金属铅和镉、电导率等特征值基本呈现P1>P2>P0的大小规律,在显著度为0.05时差异显著;而pH值基本呈现P1相似文献   

城市不同植被配置类型空气负离子效应评价

通过对南宁城区、城郊绿地及农田开发区进行负离子含量的测定,找出不同植被配置类型空气负离子效应的差别。结果表明,就空气负离子而言,城郊大规模绿地的空气质量〉农田开发区〉城区;植被配置的复层结构（乔灌草）〉简单植被配置结构（乔灌、乔草、灌草）〉单一配置结构（草坪、稀乔、稀灌草）。溪流和瀑布对增加负离子浓度的作用显著。随着海拔和郁闭度的增加,空气负离子含量有上升的趋势。空气负离子含量随季节有一定的波动。     

Adsorption of flavobacterium breve and pseudomonas fluorescens p17 on different metals: Electrochemical polarization effect

The electrochemical polarization effect on early adsorption of Flavobacterium breve and Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 to platinum, titanium, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy and mild steel was studied. A well‐defined peak characterized the bacterial adsorption dependence on externally applied potential. Maximal adsorption occurred in the potential range of ‐0.5 to 0.5 V (SCE) for all tested metals. A shift of applied potential towards both a positive and a negative direction from the maximal adsorption potential (Emax,ad) was accompanied by a gradual decrease in bacterial adsorption. The extent of bacterial adsorption strongly depended on the nature of the metallic substratum and decreased accordingly as follows: platinum > titanium > stainless steel > aluminum alloy > carbon steel > copper. Adsorption on all tested metals was approximately two orders of magnitude higher with the relatively more hydrophobic F. breve compared to the less hydrophobic P. fluorescens P17. The effect of electrochemical polarization on the initial stages of bacterial adsorption onto metallic substrata is further discussed.