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1.
Megakaryocytes from normal persons and from patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, myelodysplastic disorders, Hypersplenism, and essential thrombocythemia displayed vivid magenta metachromatic staining of the cytoplasm when stained with basic black MSP followed by brief exposure to dilute hydrochloric acid. Under the same conditions, other hematopoietic cells were completely decolorized. Acid fast metachromasia of megakaryocytes facilitates their identification, particularly in cases of small and atypical megakaryocytes found in disease states.  相似文献   
2.
苹果炭疽叶枯病是由胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的一种真菌病害,现已上升为世界苹果生产中的主要病害之一。了解不同来源的苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力差异及明确苹果种质资源对苹果炭疽叶枯病的抗性,对品种选育、品种合理布局以及控制病害的流行具有重要的参考价值。本研究对不同来源的79株病原菌进行了室内致病力测定,获知该菌致病力差异明显,其中强致病力菌株所占比例大。同时,本研究也对327份苹果种质资源进行了室内抗病性鉴定,其中高抗资源160份,中抗资源6份,中感资源22份,高感资源139份。表明我国现保存的苹果种质资源中存在丰富抗病种质。进一步按苹果分类系统分析发现,抗病资源在当前栽培的主要品种群中均有分布,特别是红玉品种群、富士品种群抗病资源最为丰富。  相似文献   
3.
To investigate heavy metal accumulation in soils and evaluate health risk through maize consumption, a total of 196 soils and 55 maize samples were collected from Yushu, China, one of the most important maize production bases. The mean contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb were 0.119, 56.51, 19.21, 70.58, and 34.42 mg kg?1 for soils and were 0.014, 0.68, 1.33, 17.15 and 0.02 mg kg?1 for maize, respectively. The contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb in all soil and maize samples did not exceed safety thresholds, but the percentages of Cd content above guideline values of Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Soil and maximum permissible limits for maize were 6.6% and 1.8%, respectively. The spatial distribution and correlation analysis suggested that Cr and Cu in soil were of lithogenic origin, while Zn and Pb were associated with coal combustion exhausts and chemical fertilizer application. The main source of Cd may be phosphate fertilizer application. The average target hazard quotients were all less than 1 and the average hazard index for adults was 0.065, indicating that there was not a potential health risk through maize.  相似文献   
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Assay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract from black seeds of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) led to the isolation of an active compound that had a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. This antioxidant was confirmed to be anthrasesamone F, an anthraquinone derivative previously isolated from different black sesame seeds and biogenetically related to other anthrasesamones in sesame roots. The radical scavenging assay showed that anthrasesamone F had more potent activity than Trolox. The content of anthrasesamone F in different parts and at different developmental stages of black sesame seeds was investigated to clarify the accumulation pattern of this antioxidant in the black seeds. Anthrasesamone F was localized in the seed coat of black seeds and accumulated after the seed coat color changed to black. The content of anthrasesamone F increased gradually with seed maturation and drastically on air-drying, the final stage in sesame cultivation.  相似文献   
6.
Photoperiod is an important signal controlling the onset of dormancy in perennial plants. Short days typically induce growth cessation, the initiation of cold acclimation, the formation of a terminal bud. bud dormancy and other adaptive responses. Photoperiodic ecotypes have evolved in many species with large latitudinal distributions. The photoperiodic responses of two northern (53°35′ and 53°50′N) and two southern (34°10′ and 40°32′N) genotypes of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) were characterized by growing trees under a range of photoperiods in the greenhouse and growth chamber. Short days induced bud set in both ecotypes. resulting in trees with fewer leaves and less height growth than trees grown under long days. Short days also enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in the northern ecotype and decreased branching of the southernmost genotype. Two aspects of the photoperiodic response were evaluated for each trail: critical photoperiod. which was defined as the longest photoperiod that elicited a short-day response, and photoperiodic sensitivity, which was defined as the change in response per unit change in photoperiod. For each of the traits analyzed, the northern ecotype had a longer critical photoperiod and greater photoperiodic sensitivity than did the southern ecotype. The short critical photoperiod and reduced photoperiodic sensitivity of the southern ecotype resulted in a significant delay in bud set compared to that of the northern ecotype, even under a 9-h photoperiod. Typically, photoperiodic ecotypes have been characterized as having different critical photoperiods. Ecotypic differences in photoperiodic sensitivity, however, indicate that differences in the photoperiodic response curves cannot be completely described by the critical photoperiod alone. These results also suggest that the critical photoperiod. photoperiodic sensitivity and speed of bud set have a common physiological basis. Bud set occurred earlier hi the northern ecotype primarily because bud scale leaves were initiated earlier. For one of the northern genotypes, leaf primordia that were initialed under long days subsequently differentiated into bud scale leaves after the trees were transferred to a 9-h photoperiod. This demonstrates that primordia initiated under long days are not necessarily committed to becoming foliage leaves. The response to photoperiod did not differ appreciably between the greenhouse and growth chamber conditions that were tested.  相似文献   
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张静  温仲明  李鸣雷  朱朵菊  陶宇  曾鸿文 《生态学报》2018,38(14):4964-4974
以延河流域不同植被区内人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)群落和乡土植物群落的土壤微生物为研究对象,利用Biolog微平板技术对土壤微生物功能多样性进行测定,分析人工引种刺槐在不同环境梯度(3个植被区)下对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明:刺槐对不同环境梯度下的土壤微生物的影响明显不同。从草原区到森林区,刺槐林之间土壤微生物群落的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)和土壤微生物功能多样性指数均没有显著变化;但与乡土植物群落比较,草原区、森林草原区和森林区土壤AWCD分别表现为刺槐乡土植物、刺槐乡土植物、刺槐乡土植物;在草原区和森林草原区刺槐林土壤微生物群落的群落丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)、Mc Intosh指数(U)均大于乡土植物,森林区刺槐林群落丰富度指数(S)、Shannon指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)均小于乡土植物;刺槐林和乡土植物群落下土壤微生物碳源利用存在差异,主要体现在对糖类、氨基酸类的利用上。PCA分析显示主成分1贡献较大的碳源有24种,在主成分分离中起主要贡献作用的是糖类、氨基酸类和羧酸类。土壤碳氮含量能影响土壤微生物功能多样性指数,土壤含水量和温湿度能够影响碳源的利用类型。刺槐对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响存在区域差异,在评价刺槐对土壤生态过程与功能的影响时必须要考虑这种空间差异性。  相似文献   
9.
In current feed evaluation systems, the nutritional value of protein sources in diets for pigs is based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids, which does not account for the kinetics of protein digestion along the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro protein digestion kinetics of different protein sources (soya bean meal (SBM), wheat gluten (WG), rapeseed meal (RSM), whey powder (WP), dried porcine plasma protein, yellow meal worm larvae and black soldier fly larvae (BSF)). Protein sources were incubated with pepsin at pH 3.5 for 0 to 90 min and subsequently with pancreatin at pH 6.8 for 0 to 210 min at 39°C. The in vitro protein digestion kinetics were described as the kinetics of nitrogen (N) solubilisation and the release of low molecular weight peptides (LMW) (<500 Da). The N solubilisation rate ranged from 0.025 min−1 for BSF to 0.685 min−1 for WP during the incubation with pepsin, and from 0.027 min−1 for RSM to 0.343 min−1 for WP during the incubation with pancreatin. The release rate of LMW peptides ranged from 0.027 min−1 for WG to 0.093 min−1 for WP during the incubation with pepsin, and from 0.029 min−1 for SBM to 0.385 min−1 for WP. Black soldier fly larvae showed a similar release rate of LMW peptides as WP during the incubation with pancreatin. At the end of the sequential incubation with pepsin (90 min) and pancreatin (210 min), WG and WP showed the highest percentage of N present in LMW peptides relative to total N (78% and 79%, respectively), whereas SBM showed the lowest (35%). In conclusion, protein sources for pig diets show substantial differences in in vitro protein digestion kinetics as measured by the kinetics of N solubilisation and the release of LMW peptides. The rate of release of LMW peptides was not correlated to the rate of N solubilisation for each of the protein sources evaluated.  相似文献   
10.
秸秆还田对耕作黑土中小型土壤动物群落的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨旭  高梅香  张雪萍  林琳  沙迪  张利敏 《生态学报》2017,37(7):2206-2216
为了考察秸秆还田对耕作黑土中土壤动物群落结构的影响,2009年到2011年在黑龙江省海伦市进行了定点实验,调查了样地A(17kg秸秆+含高浓度催腐剂还田)、样地B(8.5kg秸秆+含低浓度催腐剂还田)、样地C(对照样地),样地D(8.5kg秸秆还田),样地E(17kg秸秆还田)的中小型土壤动物群落结构。共获取中小型土壤动物21779只,分别隶属于58个类群。其中,甲螨亚目、姬跳虫科、棘跳虫科与驼跳科4个类群土壤动物在本地区是最适应环境变化的土壤动物类群。土壤动物群落结构分析表明,对照样地C中土壤动物密度最高(46591.67只/m~2),土壤动物类群最多(17.17),土壤动物优势度指数最大(0.37),样地D中土壤动物丰富度指数最多(2.63),样地A中土壤动物多样性指数最高(1.72),样地B中土壤动物均匀性最高(0.64)。同时,各样地土壤动物基本都具有表聚性,样地A中土壤动物更趋于生存于上层土壤。综合比较分析表明,样地A秸秆还田方式相对来说最利于土壤动物生存。主成分分析表明,不同秸秆还田方式对土壤动物密度、甲螨亚目动物类群、节跳虫科类群、前气门亚目类群影响较大,是耕作黑土中对秸秆还田方式反应敏感的土壤动物指标,今后可以作为考察耕作黑土秸秆还田肥力效应的评价指标。另外,CAA分析表明:受土壤环境因子影响较大的土壤动物类群多为研究区域内优势类群与常见类群,土壤动物的密度与土壤中有机质、有机碳、碳氮比与全磷的含量关系最为密切。  相似文献   
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