Intersex and Littorina littorea in Cork Harbour: results of a medium-term monitoring programme

Cork Harbour, located on the south coast of Ireland, is a complex, multi-user environment. In the present study Littorina littorea (L.) is used as a bio-indicator of TBT pollution, as it has a wide range within the harbour, unlike the more common bio-indicator, Nucella lapillus (L.), which is limited to rocky substrata near the mouth of the harbour. Intersex in L. littorea is used for the first time in Ireland as a medium-term indicator of TBT pollution and results show that there are no deviations in levels of intersex over the three year period from 1994–1996. These results are discussed.     

青岛沿岸水体原生生物群落与水质状况的关系

于2007年9—10月间利用改良的PFU(polyurethane foam unit)法——BPFU(bottled PFU)法对青岛沿岸水体中原生生物群落的结构和功能参数进行了快速观测,进而分析了原生生物群落与水质状况间的相互关系,并结合理化指标对水体的水质状况进行了评价。期间共观测到原生生物263种:其中硅藻83种,鞭毛虫59种,肉足虫31种,纤毛虫90种。结果表明:用BPFU法测定和计算的原生生物群落的结构参数(种类数、丰度、多样性指数)和功能参数(Seq、G、T90%)所反映的水质状况和理化指标所反映的基本一致,证明BPFU法适用于海洋近岸水体的快速监测。同时将通过原生生物群落所得的结构参数和功能参数与通过原生动物群落所得的进行了比较,发现由原生生物群落计算的结构参数和功能参数能更有效、更准确地反映水质的状况。     

Forest damage and environmental monitoring

Summary Forest eco-systems are receptors sensitive to the background pollution which can affect even remote areas, at a considerable distance from the emission sources. Epidemiological surveys of new types of forest damage are based on the observation, classification and quantification of visible symptoms, which allow us to detect situations of environmental risk in a geographical area. These surveys can be complemented by the determination of biological parameters (such as structural, ultrastructural, physiological, chemical symptoms) which will enable us to formulate our diagnoses earlier and with greater specificity. The damage does not affect only trees, but the entire ecosystem.     

PFU原生动物群落生物监测的生态学原理与应用

原生动物是水生生态系统食物链中重要环节 ,发挥着十分重要的生态功能作用。在水环境质量变化评价与发展趋势预测中 ,与其它较高等生物类群比较 ,PFU原生动物群落在水质监测应用方面显示了诸多优点。系统地阐述了原生动物在水生生态系统中的地位与作用 ,重点介绍了原生动物评价水体污染的生态学基础及其优点和 PFU原生动物群落特征及其在水质监测应用中的优势。通过对国内外不同水质类型 PFU原生动物群落生物监测的典型案例研究 ,进一步论证了 PFU原生动物群落生物监测的生态学原理与应用优势     

新型吡唑类化合物DL-1的硝化抑制效应初探

以国内外应用较为广泛的硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）为参比对象,采用室内培养方法,对新型吡唑类化合物DL-1的硝化抑制效应进行初步探讨.结果表明,DL-1对土壤中铵的氧化过程具有显著的抑制效应,前3周的硝化抑制率可达70％以上,且硝化抑制能力在第14天至28天最强.与等量DCD相比,施用量为(NH₄)₂SO₄氮量1.0%的DL-1在14、21和28 d使土壤中的NO₃^--N含量分别下降 26.23%、33.27%和23.31%;与不加抑制剂的对照处理相比,土壤NO₃^--N含量则分别下降了71.12%、69.10%和55.14%.当DL-1用量为(NH₄)₂SO₄氮量的2。0%时,土壤的硝化作用受到了更强烈的抑制,到培养第90天试验结束,土壤中的NO₃^--N含量始终维持在较低水平.     

Kinetic parameters of the inhibition of red blood cell aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by triethyl lead and its reversal by dithiothreitol and zinc

In chronic or acute exposure to triethyl lead, a de novo synthesis of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) in bone marrow and an increased activity in circulating red blood cells can be demonstrated by activating the enzyme with dithiothreitol (DTT) and zinc. We determined the median inhibitory concentration and the apparent inhibition constant for triethyl lead on δ-ALAD. After dosing with triethyl lead, in vivo inhibition of ALAD only occurred at the high dose, but activation analysis in vitro showed increased ALAD activity to be present at all dose levels in a dose-dependent fashion. The use of an activation assay for red blood cell ALAD may have value as a bio-effects monitor of exposure to organic lead.     

贝可利空气凤梨对铅的积累特征研究

以贝可利空气凤梨为材料,用不同浓度的硝酸铅溶液(0～100 mg/L)对其进行胁迫处理,探讨空气凤梨对重金属污染物铅的吸收积累特征.结果发现,胁迫处理15d后,所有贝可利空气凤梨植株都没有明显的死亡症状;随着铅浓度的提高,贝可利空气凤梨植株中的铅含量随之显著增加.扫描电镜结合能谱分析表明,不论何种铅浓度处理植物体,贝可利空气凤梨叶表鳞片中的3类细胞上都可检测到铅元素的存在;但3类细胞在富集铅时所起的作用不同,并以最内部的碟状细胞中铅的含量最高.结果表明,贝可利空气凤梨对铅胁迫具有很强的耐性,并且可对铅进行有效的积累,是一种合适的指示铅污染的植物;其叶表鳞片则可能是铅等重金属元素的主要富集结构,而且铅在从外部细胞进入内部细胞的迁移过程中存在主动运输的成分.