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1.
肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)在木质素合成过程中起关键作用。通过RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)方法从香蕉根系cDNA均一化全长文库中获得一个肉桂醇脱氢酶基因,命名为MaCAD1(GenBank登录号为KF582533)。MaCAD1是香蕉MYB基因编码框全长cDNA,包含一个1 077bp的最大开放阅读框(ORF),编码358个氨基酸。蛋白质序列同源比对发现,其含有完整的醇脱氧酶的典型保守结构域,属于典型的CAD蛋白。系统进化树比对分析表明,MaCAD1与水稻OsCAD6(CAD39907)的亲缘关系较近。组织特异性研究表明MaCAD1基因组成型表达于香蕉各个组织。在耐病和感病品种中,MaCAD1均上调表达,但在耐病品种中MaCAD1在所有时间点相对于对照增加的倍数均高于感病品种,表明MaCAD1基因在香蕉的抗病性中起着重要作用,MaCAD1可以作为一个新的响应枯萎病侵染的标记基因。  相似文献   
2.
水杨酸对低温胁迫香蕉幼苗呼吸作用的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨了水杨酸 (salicylicacid ,SA)对低温胁迫香蕉幼苗叶片呼吸作用的影响。在常温下用 0 .5mmol/LSA水溶液处理香蕉幼苗 ,能明显提高香蕉幼苗的抗氰呼吸和细胞色素呼吸 ,增加总呼吸量 ,提高产热量 ;在随后 7℃低温胁迫与常温恢复期间SA预处理 ,能抑制总呼吸速率的下降 ,这种对总呼吸下降的抑制与此时细胞色素途径维持在较高的水平有关 ,而与抗氰呼吸无关。此时也未检测到SA预处理植株叶片产热量增加的现象  相似文献   
3.
Field root investigations are often limited by the static nature of classical observations, resulting in the need to develop alternative methodologies that allow dynamic interpretation of root architecture variability on the basis of static measurements. The objectives of this work were (i) to evaluate the use of selected morphological indicators, namely root apical diameter (Da) and the length of the apical unbranched zone (LAUZ), in predicting primary and lateral root growth patterns in banana trees, (ii) to propose a field methodology for the assessment of root dynamics based on static measurements. Banana trees (Musa acuminata cv `Grande Naine') were grown in 5 rhizotrons as well as in field conditions, respectively on pouzzolane and Mollic Andosols. In rhizotrons, root growth analysis was carried out by reporting root elongation, Da and LAUZ, three times a week. In field conditions, 4 series of excavations were made at three-week intervals. Apart from root growth rate, measurements were the same as those in the rhizotrons. LAUZ was confirmed as a stable and good predictor of root growth rate for the different types of roots. In the rhizotrons, the root growth of lateral roots was found to be well correlated to the product of Da and the growth rate of the bearing root. Evaluation in field conditions from static observations attested consistent relationships between measured and predicted root length for lateral roots (slopes close to 1:1). The apical diameter can be considered as a good indicator of root growth potential, while actual lateral root growth depends on the bearing root elongation rate. Morphological static indicators calibrated from growth dynamics in rhizotrons are of major interest in explaining growth variability in field conditions. Especially the `growth rate-LAUZ' relationship can be considered a useful tool in interpreting field patterns of growing roots in relation to various soil conditions.  相似文献   
4.
Summary Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of banana and plantain cultivars (Musa spp.) were obtained by culturing young male flowers. Multiplication and maintenance of embryogenic cultures were achieved by culturing somatic embryos in a temporary immersion system (SIT). A multiplication rate of 40 allowed us to obtain more than 6000 somatic embryos after 6 mo. of subculture. Plant recovery frequencies were 60 to 70%. This method was expanded to different banana and plantain genomic groups.  相似文献   
5.
过氧化氢和氯化钙对香蕉幼苗抗寒性的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
用H2O2和CaCl2单独或混合使用的方法喷洒香蕉幼苗,并置于低温培养箱中进行冷胁迫处理,发现它们可提高香蕉幼苗冷胁迫期间叶片POD活性,降低细胞质泄漏,增加可溶性糖含量及减缓叶绿素降解,从而减轻冷伤害程度。H2O2和CaCl2混合处理的效果优于单独处理,二者有协同效应。  相似文献   
6.
Each year 25–75% of banana and plantain yields are lost because of rhizome damages caused by banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) in growing regions of sub‐Saharan Africa. However, the specific plant defence response of the rhizome tissue in relation to the C. sordidus attack is unknown. Consequently, in this study, we evaluated whether plant defence substances in the rhizome are correlated with the degree of larval damage and whether applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ) elicit a greater induction of the plant defence potential against C. sordidus. Moreover, we attempted to reveal cellular modifications in response to the root feeding herbivore through histochemical staining. The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus, respectively, were used in a pot experiment to evaluate percent rhizome damage, leaf chlorophyll content, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity and cell morphology in response to C. sordidus attack and/or MJ applications compared to untreated control plants. We found that C. sordidus‐induced rhizome damage was 30% in the susceptible cultivar but less than 5% in the tolerant cultivar. The percent rhizome damage was not related to leaf chlorophyll content but showed a significant negative linear relationship to both TPC and antioxidant capacity. Larvae feeding induced a considerably greater increase of polyphenolic defence compounds in Km5 than in Mbwazirume; however, this response was opposite in the MJ treatment, suggesting that the phytohormone induced the susceptible plant to invest more into the synthesis of defence chemicals that in turn lead to reduced C. sordidus damage. Tissue staining demonstrated a greater deposition of lignin and suberin in C. sordidus challenged rhizome, presumably to seal off healthy tissue with a physical barrier from continued pest attack. It is concluded that MJ induces polyphenolics in susceptible Mbwazirume banana that reduced C. sordidus damage.  相似文献   
7.
8.
香蕉凝集素基因的克隆及在成熟果实中的特异性表达   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用RT-PCR的方法克隆香蕉凝集素(Bankc)基因,对其全序列进行了测定并与已发表的BanLec基因序列进行了比较。采用定量PCR的方法对该基因在果实成熟过程中和香蕉不同组织中的表达进行了研究,结果表明:BanLec基因的表达同时具有发育特异性和组织特异性,即仅在果实中表达,而且其表达量随果实成熟度的变化而变化。  相似文献   
9.
香蕉低温酶促褐变   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
7℃低温导致香蕉果皮变褐,褐变程度可用提取液的OD_(450)值表示。随低温处理时间的延长,OD_(450)增大;还原性物质抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽含量迅速下降;多酚氧化酶底物多巴胺先有增加,接着降低。 低温下,多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较常温低,PPO和POD的游离态酶活性增高。此外,H_2O_2处理加速果皮变褐,刺激PPO及POD活性;棓酸丙酯处理起相反的效应。故认为香蕉低温褐变是低温损伤、酶促褐变引起的一个复杂过程。  相似文献   
10.
以连续种植的香蕉枯萎病高发病蕉园为试验点,通过实时定量PCR和高通量测序等方法,研究了田间条件下石灰碳铵熏蒸联合生物有机肥施用对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果,以及对土壤细菌群落结构和组成的影响。结果表明: 与不熏蒸施用有机肥(OF)相比,香蕉枯萎病发病率在施用有机肥前使用石灰碳铵进行熏蒸处理(LAOF)和施用生物有机肥前使用石灰碳铵进行熏蒸处理(LABF)中分别降低了13.3%和21.7%,病原菌的拷贝数分别降低了22.4%和33.0%。与OF处理相比,石灰碳铵熏蒸联合不同肥料施用均显著降低了细菌的丰富度和多样性,形成了明显不同的群落结构,且熏蒸对群落组成的差异产生了决定性的影响。LABF的细菌丰富度和多样性均低于其他处理,群落组成也与其他处理存在明显差异。与OF处理相比,熏蒸处理(LAOF和LABF)显著增加了土壤中水恒杆菌、布鲁式菌和漯河杆菌属的相对丰度,且在LABF中的相对丰度均高于LAOF,水恒杆菌和布鲁式菌的相对丰度差异显著。在田间条件下,施用生物有机肥之前使用石灰碳铵进行熏蒸处理能够显著降低病原菌数量,改变土壤细菌群落结构,激发土壤有益微生物,从而减少香蕉枯萎病的发生。  相似文献   
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