红火蚁在中国的分布区预测

利用CLIMEX和GARP生态位模型2种方法对红火蚁在中国大陆的潜在分布区进行了分析预测。结果表明该虫在中国东南部的广大地区均可能适生或造成危害,其自然扩散的北界可能达到山东、天津、河北南部和山西南部。  

严防危险性害虫红火蚁入侵

原产南美洲的红火蚁SolenopsisinvictaBuren,先后入侵美国和澳洲,最近又入侵中国台湾,对人类健康和环境安全构成重大威胁。该文介绍了红火蚁的形态特征、与近源种的形态区别、生物学特性、入侵特性、危害以及预防、控制等方面的知识,最后提出我国大陆需要高度警惕,严防红火蚁入侵。  

Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning: a review

Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms. This review summarizes the information available on ant biodiversity patterns, how it can be quantified, and how biodiversity is affected by human impacts such as land use change, pollution, invasions, and climate change. The role of ants in ecosystems is discussed, mainly from the perspective of the effects of ground-dwelling ants on soil processes and function, emphasizing their role as ecosystem engineers. Some lines of research are suggested after demonstrating the gaps in our current information on ant-soil interactions.  

西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究

研究了西双版纳地区１６各被亚型蚂蚁的特有种、优势种、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数和相似性系数。所采蚂蚁分隶于８亚科６６属２２０种。雨季的季节性十麻蚂蚁物种多样性指数最大，为２．９０８；旱季的茶园中多样性指数最小，为０．１１４。以山地雨林和季风常绿阔叶林蚂蚁物各组成相似性系数最大，为０．３５６；以温暖性叶阔叶林和茶园相似性系数最小，为０．０１７。１６种植被亚型均有特有种，其中半常绿季雨林特  

高黎贡山自然保护区西坡垂直带蚂蚁群落研究

首次研究了高黎贡山自然保护区西坡垂直带蚂蚁群落及共物种多样性。在北段和中北段随海拔升高优势种数目增加，而在南段随海拔升高优势种数目递减。在北段和中北段海随海拔升高优势种所占百分比递减，而在南段随海拔升高优势种所占比例递增。在西坡４个地段均呈现随海拔升高种数目和密度递减的基本规律。北段和中北段随海拔升高优势度指数降低，中南段和南段随海拔升高优势度指数增大。北段随海拔升高多样性指数递增，中北段多样性指数缺乏规律性，中南段和南段随海拔升高多样性指数递减。北段、中北段和中南段均呈现随海拔升高无效度指数递增规律，而南段表现出随海拔升高均匀度指数递减的相反情况。西坡４个地段垂直带上，蚂蚁群落之间的相似系数几乎均在０．００－０．２５，处于极不相似水平，只有１个系数超过此范围，我们认为在原始植被状态下，高黎贡山自然保护区西坡蚂蚁群落的基本规律是随着海拔升高。优势种数目递减，优势种所占比 递增，物种数目递减，优势度指数递增，多样性指数递减，均匀度指数递减。山体中部和下部植被的毁坏导致了实际调查中出现的反常情况。  

西双版纳片断山地雨林蚁科昆虫群落研究

西双版纳是中国具有热带雨林的３个地区之一。采用样地调查法对西双版纳自然保护区山地雨林和３块山地雨林片断的蚂蚁群落作了比较研究。目的是揭示保护区与各片断间距离对蚂各落的影响。在４种样地中共计采集蚂蚁６亚科３５属７４种。与保护区距离不等的片断各有自己的特有种（１０－１１种），各片断的特圾种少于自然保护区（１５种）。随着片断与自然保护区的距离增加，片断与保护区共有物种数减少（从５种、３种至２种）；最重要  

西双版纳片断季节性雨林蚂蚁物种多样性研究

以西双版纳勐仑自然保护区为对照，采用陷井诱捕法和亲方调查法比较研究了３个不同面积、不同环境状况和片断季节性雨林蚂蚁的群落组成及物种多样性变化。结果表明：所获蚂蚁隶属４亚科２４属５０种，以城子龙山物种数量多。各样地优势种均不相同。４类样地间的共有物种较少，只有４种；相似性较低，相似性系 ０．１６２２～０．３５４８。聚类结果显示，植物园保护区与城子龙山最先聚为一类，然后与自然保护区聚为一类，最后才与曼  

Behavioral and Genetic Differentiation Between Native and Introduced Populations of the Argentine Ant

In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that reduced intraspecific aggression underlies the competitive prowess of Argentine ants in their introduced range. Specifically, we test three predictions of this hypothesis by comparing the genetic diversity, behavior, and ecology of Argentine ants in their native range to introduced populations. Differences between native and introduced populations of Argentine ants were consistent with our predictions. Introduced populations of the Argentine ant appear to have experienced a population bottleneck at the time of introduction, as evidenced by much reduced variation in polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers. Intraspecific aggression was rare in introduced populations but was common in native populations. Finally, in contrast to the Argentine ant's ecological dominance throughout its introduced range, it did not appear dominant in the native ant assemblages studied in Argentina. Together these results identify a possible mechanism for the widespread success of the Argentine ant in its introduced range.  

西双版纳傣族“龙山”片断热带雨林蚂蚁类群结构与多样性研究

在西双版纳热带雨林地区，采用陷阱法（Pitfall traps) 对2类龙山片断雨林和保护区连续雨林蚂蚁类群进行取样调查，样地内共获取蚂蚁9196号，隶属6亚科，28属，53种，其属种和个数数量以切叶蚁亚科（Myrmicinae)最多。不同生境群落组成分差异较大，优势种变化明显。对3种蚂蚁类群多样性研究分析表明：保护区连续雨林的多样性、均匀性指数高于龙山片断林，群落相似性以2类龙山林最高，各林地蚂蚁类群物种分布的种－多度关系为对数级数模式。片断化雨林面积、植被结构、隔离程度及状况和人为干扰程度是影响蚂蚁类群结构和多样性的重要因素。