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There is a diverse range of microbiological challenges facing the food, healthcare and clinical sectors. The increasing and pervasive resistance to broad‐spectrum antibiotics and health‐related concerns with many biocidal agents drives research for novel and complementary antimicrobial approaches. Biofilms display increased mechanical and antimicrobial stability and are the subject of extensive research. Cold plasmas (CP) have rapidly evolved as a technology for microbial decontamination, wound healing and cancer treatment, owing to the chemical and bio‐active radicals generated known collectively as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This review outlines the basics of CP technology and discusses the interactions with a range of microbiological targets. Advances in mechanistic insights are presented and applications to food and clinical issues are discussed. The possibility of tailoring CP to control specific microbiological challenges is apparent. This review focuses on microbiological issues in relation to food‐ and healthcare‐associated human infections, the role of CP in their elimination and the current status of plasma mechanisms of action.  相似文献   
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柑橘大实蝇是柑橘类果树的一种重要害虫,近几年在我国柑橘种植区的危害呈上升趋势,给柑橘产业造成了巨大损失。本文概述了环境因素包括温度、光周期、营养状况(饥渴)以及水淹对柑橘大实蝇生物学特性和成虫行为的影响,柑橘大实蝇成虫和幼虫人工饲养技术参数,柑橘大实蝇蛹滞育机制,辐照不育关键技术包括最佳辐照剂量和辐照时期,及其在湖北柑橘园柑橘大实蝇防控中的应用与示范情况等,并指出了尚需进一步开展的研究内容。  相似文献   
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2D nanomaterials have been found to show surface‐dominant phenomena and understanding this behavior is crucial for establishing a relationship between a material's structure and its properties. Here, the transition of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) from a diffusion‐controlled intercalation to an emergent surface redox capacitive behavior is demonstrated. The ultrafast pseudocapacitive behavior of MoS2 becomes more prominent when the layered MoS2 is downscaled into nanometric sheets and hybridized with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This extrinsic behavior of the 2D hybrid is promoted by the fast Faradaic charge‐transfer kinetics at the interface. The heterostructure of the 2D hybrid, as observed via high‐angle annular dark field–scanning transmission electron microscopy and Raman mapping, with a 1T MoS2 phase at the interface and a 2H phase in the bulk is associated with the synergizing capacitive performance. This 1T phase is stabilized by the interactions with the RGO. These results provide fundamental insights into the surface effects of 2D hetero‐nanosheets on emergent electrochemical properties.  相似文献   
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中华金叶榆子代苗光合特性及叶片呈色机制探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中华金叶榆是普通白榆的天然黄叶突变体,黄叶性状在子代中可稳定遗传,自由授粉子一代出现黄绿性状分离。该研究以中华金叶榆子代黄叶苗和绿叶苗为试验材料,从生长速率、叶片色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光及叶绿体超微结构等方面对黄叶苗的光合特性和叶片呈色机制进行了探讨。结果显示:(1)黄叶苗生长缓慢,净光合速率(12.5μmol·m-2·s-1)显著低于绿叶苗(17.5μmol·m-2·s-1),而蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片温度显著高于绿叶苗。(2)黄叶苗和绿叶苗叶片的光合色素种类基本相同,但黄叶苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和花青素4种主要色素含量始终低于绿叶苗且相对稳定,各种色素含量在生育期内不同月份略有变化,类胡萝卜素含量始终低于叶绿素含量。(3)黄叶苗叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)发育不完全,电子传递效率低。(4)黄叶苗叶绿体内膜系统发育紊乱,基粒垛叠失败。研究表明,中华金叶榆子代黄叶苗叶绿体内膜系统发育缺陷,基粒片层垛叠失败,进而多种色素含量大幅下降,光合系统发育不完全,致使其叶片呈现黄色、光合性能下降、植株生长缓慢。  相似文献   
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强迫症是以具有反复强迫思维和强迫行为为特征的一种心理障碍疾病。该病严重影响人们的心理健康和日常生活,因而受到广泛的关注。强迫症病因比较复杂,受到多种因素的影响,家庭环境、社会氛围、个人受教育程度、智力水平及个体的身体素质、健康状况及个性特点等因素与强迫症的产生密切相关。对强迫症的生物学机制的研究主要集中在对相关基因的研究上,其中五羟色胺和多巴胺在强迫症中的作用机制相对来说研究的比较多,也比较成熟,近年来又发现谷氨酸通路和白细胞介素-10也与强迫症的发生有关。与此同时一些治疗强迫症的方法也涌现了出来,如药物治疗和心理治疗。本文拟从强迫症的概念、临床表现、影响因素、生物学机制及其治疗方法等方面的研究进行阐述,以期为今后的研究提供一些参考和依据。  相似文献   
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芳香族氨基酸羟化酶(AAAH)家族是一类单加氢酶,包括苯丙氨酸羟化酶(PAH)、酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和色氨酸羟化酶(TPH).在辅因子四氢生物蝶呤、铁原子及氧存在下,分别催化苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸的羟化反应.多种疾病如苯丙酮尿症、帕金森氏病以及神经相关疾病的发病机制均与这类酶有关.本文综述近年来对芳香族氨基酸羟化酶家族蛋白结构功能、底物特异性、催化机制等方面的研究进展,为该类酶的定向进化及功能应用提供新思路.  相似文献   
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Dienelactone hydrolase (DLH), an enzyme from the β-ketoadipate pathway, catalyzes the hydrolysis of dienelactone to maleylacetate. Our inhibitor binding studies suggest that its substrate, dienelactone, is held in the active site by hydrophobic interactions around the lactone ring and by the ion pairs between its carboxylate and Arg-81 and Arg-206. Like the cysteine/serine proteases, DLH has a catalytic triad (Cys-123, His-202, Asp-171) and its mechanism probably involves the formation of covalently bound acyl intermediate via a tetrahedral intermediate. Unlike the proteases, DLH seems to protonate the incipient leaving group only after the collapse of the first tetrahedral intermediate, rendering DLH incapable of hydrolyzing amide analogues of its ester substrate. In addition, the triad His probably does not protonate the leaving group (enolate) or deprotonate the water for deacylation; rather, the enolate anion abstracts a proton from water and, in doing so, supplies the hydroxyl for deacylation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is already used for enantioseparation in the pharmaceutical industry, but it is rarely used for the separation of chiral pesticides. Comparing with high performence liquid chromatography, SFC uses much more environmnetal friendly and economic mobile phase, supercritical CO2. In our work, the enantioseparation of an amide herbicide, napropamide, using three different polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in SFC was investigated. By studying the effect of different CSPs, organic modifiers, temperature, back‐pressure regulator pressures, and flow rates for the enantioseparation of napropamide, we established a rapid and green method for enantioseparation that takes less than 2 minutes: The column was CEL2, the mobile phase was CO2 with 20% 2‐propanol, and the flow rate was 2.0 mL/min. We found that CEL2 demonstrated the strongest resolution capability. Acetonitrile was favored over alcoholic solvents when the CSP was amylose and 2‐propanol was the best choice when using cellulose. When the concentration of the modifiers or the flow rate was decreased, resolutions and analysis times increased concurrently. The temperature and back‐pressure regulator pressure exhibited only minor influences on the resolution and analysis time of the napropamide enantioseparations with these chiral columns. The molecular docking analysis provided a deeper insight into the interactions between the enantiomers and the CSPs at the atomic level and partly explained the reason for the different elution orders using the different chiral columns.  相似文献   
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