首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   21891篇
  免费   2197篇
  国内免费   1056篇
  2024年   27篇
  2023年   529篇
  2022年   463篇
  2021年   766篇
  2020年   936篇
  2019年   1051篇
  2018年   900篇
  2017年   826篇
  2016年   815篇
  2015年   1084篇
  2014年   1331篇
  2013年   2067篇
  2012年   922篇
  2011年   1066篇
  2010年   728篇
  2009年   1204篇
  2008年   1238篇
  2007年   1221篇
  2006年   1124篇
  2005年   897篇
  2004年   843篇
  2003年   702篇
  2002年   570篇
  2001年   464篇
  2000年   399篇
  1999年   352篇
  1998年   326篇
  1997年   335篇
  1996年   244篇
  1995年   219篇
  1994年   195篇
  1993年   190篇
  1992年   160篇
  1991年   147篇
  1990年   124篇
  1989年   101篇
  1988年   91篇
  1987年   77篇
  1986年   67篇
  1985年   76篇
  1984年   51篇
  1983年   34篇
  1982年   59篇
  1981年   41篇
  1980年   30篇
  1979年   19篇
  1978年   11篇
  1977年   7篇
  1976年   5篇
  1975年   3篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
应用mRNA差异显示技术,对高耐SO2玉米自交系Q9进行了SO2胁迫下的基因差异表达分析.结果显示,30对引物组合进行的PCR扩增中,获得了13条差异表达的cDNA片段,其中3条诱导表达,2条增强表达,6条减量表达,2条抑制表达.序列分析和数据库比对表明,GenBank中只搜寻到5条cDNA序列,其中2条增强表达的cDNA片段D1和D5分别与氨基酸结合蛋白ABP、锌指结构转录因子蛋白DOF部分序列高度同源,其他诱导表达的3条cDNA(D3、D6、D11)功能未知,可能是新的cDNA片段.经半定量RT-PCR分析验证,D1和D5转录水平受SO2胁迫表达显著增强,推测D1和D5可能参与了玉米对SO2胁迫的抗性反应.  相似文献   
2.
Mutations in CLN3 gene cause juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten disease), an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin within lysosomes. The function of the CLN3 protein remains unclear and is presumed to be related to Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To investigate the function of CLN3 in the ER stress signaling pathway, we measured proliferation and apoptosis in cells transfected with normal and mutant CLN3 after treatment with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM). We found that overexpression of CLN3 was sufficient in conferring increased resistance to ER stress. Wild-type CLN3 protected cells from TM-induced apoptosis and increased cell proliferation. Overexpression of wild-type CLN3 enhanced expression of the ER chaperone protein, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and reduced expression of the proapoptotic protein CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). In contrast, overexpression of mutant CLN3 or siRNA knockdown of CLN3 produced the opposite effect. Together, our data suggest that the lack of CLN3 function in cells leads to a failure of management in the response to ER stress and this may be the key deficit in JNCL that causes neuronal degeneration.  相似文献   
3.
4.
5.
Receptor-like kinases are important regulators of many different processes in plants. Despite their large number only a few have been functionally characterized. One of the largest subgroups of receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis is the cysteine-rich receptor like kinases (CRKs). High sequence similarity among the CRKs has been suggested as major cause for functional redundancy. The genomic localization of CRK genes in back-to-back repeats has made their characterization through mutant analysis unpractical. Expression profiling has linked the CRKs with reactive oxygen species, important signaling molecules in plants. Here we have investigated the role of two CRKs, CRK6 and CRK7, and analyzed their role in extracellular ROS signaling. CRK6 and CRK7 are active protein kinases with differential preference for divalent cations. Our results suggest that CRK7 is involved in mediating the responses to extracellular but not chloroplastic ROS production.  相似文献   
6.
7.
8.
Regulated proteolysis efficiently and rapidly adapts the bacterial proteome to changing environmental conditions. Many protease substrates contain recognition motifs, so-called degrons, that direct them to the appropriate protease. Here we describe an entirely new degron identified in the cytoplasmic N-terminal end of the membrane-anchored protein YfgM of Escherichia coli. YfgM is stable during exponential growth and degraded in stationary phase by the essential FtsH protease. The alarmone (p)ppGpp, but not the previously described YfgM interactors RcsB and PpiD, influence YfgM degradation. By scanning mutagenesis, we define individual amino acids responsible for turnover of YfgM and find that the degron does not at all comply with the known N-end rule pathway. The YfgM degron is a distinct module that facilitates FtsH-mediated degradation when fused to the N terminus of another monotopic membrane protein but not to that of a cytoplasmic protein. Several lines of evidence suggest that stress-induced degradation of YfgM relieves the response regulator RcsB and thereby permits cellular protection by the Rcs phosphorelay system. On the basis of these and other results in the literature, we propose a model for how the membrane-spanning YfgM protein serves as connector between the stress responses in the periplasm and cytoplasm.  相似文献   
9.
Species interactions are integral drivers of community structure and can change from competitive to facilitative with increasing environmental stress. In subtidal marine ecosystems, however, interactions along physical stress gradients have seldom been tested. We observed seaweed canopy interactions across depth and latitudinal gradients to test whether light and temperature stress structured interaction patterns. We also quantified interspecific and intraspecific interactions among nine subtidal canopy seaweed species across three continents to examine the general nature of interactions in subtidal systems under low consumer pressure. We reveal that positive and neutral interactions are widespread throughout global seaweed communities and the nature of interactions can change from competitive to facilitative with increasing light stress in shallow marine systems. These findings provide support for the stress gradient hypothesis within subtidal seaweed communities and highlight the importance of canopy interactions for the maintenance of subtidal marine habitats experiencing environmental stress.  相似文献   
10.
The effects of drought on plant growth and development are occurring as a result of climate change and the growing scarcity of water resources. Hippophae rhamnoides has been exploited for soil and water conservation for many years. However, the outstanding drought‐resistance mechanisms possessed by this species remain unclear. The protein, physiological, and biochemical responses to medium and severe drought stresses in H. rhamnoides seedlings are analyzed. Linear decreases in photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and the content of indole acetic acid in roots, as well as a linear increase in the contents of abscisic acid, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and zeatin riboside in leaves are observed as water potential decreased. At the same time, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and contents of zeatin riboside in roots and indole acetic acid in leaves showed nonconsistent changes. DIGE and MS/MS analysis identified 51 differently expressed protein spots in leaves with functions related to epigenetic modification and PTM in addition to normal metabolism, photosynthesis, signal transduction, antioxidative systems, and responses to stimuli. This study provides new insights into the responses and adaptations in this drought‐resistant species and may benefit future agricultural production.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号