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Lauteri M Pliura A Monteverdi MC Brugnoli E Villani F Eriksson G 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2004,17(6):1286-1296
The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of physiological performances of Castanea sativa Mill. in relation to drought tolerance, among and within European populations coming from contrasting environmental conditions. Forty-eight open-pollinated families from a stratified sample (temperature/precipitation) of six naturalized populations from Spain, Italy and Greece were grown for one growth period under two temperature regimes (25 and 32 degrees C), in combination with two watering regimes in growth chambers. Complementary to growth traits analysed in a previous study, carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), a complex physiological trait involved in acclimation and adaptive processes, was studied. anova indicated significant Delta variability for C. sativa populations across Europe and, thereby, variation in adaptedness to drought. The European pattern of Delta variability matches the previously reported one for the centre of origin of C. sativa (Ponto-Caucasian region). This suggests that common mechanisms of drought adaptedness, involving both genetic and physiological determinants, give C. sativa the capacity to colonize a wide range of site conditions. The highest Delta values, indicating the lowest water-use efficiency (WUE), were found within each treatment for populations originating from Mediterranean drought-prone sites. These populations also had the highest phenotypic plasticity of Delta. Significant among-family genetic variation in Delta was found. The heritability based on the joint anova was estimated at 0.31 +/- 0.07. The estimates of the coefficients for the additive variance varied in the range 2.6-4.0%, suggesting possibilities for selection on WUE and adaptedness to drought. The genetic correlations between Delta and growth traits were generally strong and negative, especially in the two high temperature treatments. 相似文献
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Gregorius HR Von Werder H 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):429-435
Assessment of the adaptedness of forest tree populations and the reproductive material derived from them is largely based
on historical records and observations on extant distributions of phenotypic traits. Genetic criteria are, if at all, usually
considered only in the form of heuristic reasoning. A main reason for this situation lies in the lack of operational concepts
that clearly distinguish between viability selection and adaptation. The present paper makes an attempt towards this aim by
showing that the adaptational optimization of viability selection processes rests on three constituent features which allow
minimization of the implied overall mortality at each relevant selection stage and across all of these stages. Indices are
developed that measure the degree of adaptational optimization of viability selection. The concept and its indices are applied
to an analysis of isozyme data obtained for an approved beech seed stand and reproductive material derived from this stand.
An approved seed stand is required to be adapted, and this property is expected to be preserved in the derived reproductive
material. Our observations revealed substantial degrees of overall reductions and suboptimal selection during the production
process. Suboptimality is unevenly distributed over the stages of the production process, and stages of strongest suboptimality
vary among gene loci. A preliminary explanation is given for a conspicuous effect on selective optimality that is consistently
observable at the stage of seedling development across all loci.
Received: 2 February 2001 / Accepted: 25 June 2001 相似文献
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G. Leroy B. Besbes P. Boettcher I. Hoffmann A. Capitan R. Baumung 《Animal genetics》2016,47(2):141-153
Preservation of specific and inheritable phenotypes of current or potential future importance is one of the main purposes of conservation of animal genetic resources. In this review, we investigate the issues behind the characterisation, utilisation and conservation of rare phenotypes, considering their multiple paths of relevance, variable levels of complexity and mode of inheritance. Accurately assessing the rarity of a given phenotype, especially a complex one, is not a simple task, because it requires the phenotypic and genetic characterisation of a large number of animals and populations and remains dependent of the scale of the study. Once characterised, specific phenotypes may contribute to various purposes (adaptedness, production, biological model, aesthetics, etc.) with adequate introgression programmes, which justifies the consideration of (real or potential) existence of such characteristics in in situ or ex situ conservation strategies. Recent biotechnological developments (genomic and genetic engineering) will undoubtedly bring important changes to the way phenotypes are characterised, introgressed and managed. 相似文献
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James S. Chisholm 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》1996,7(1):1-37
Life history theory’s principle of allocation suggests that because immature organisms cannot expend reproductive effort,
the major trade-off facing juveniles will be the one between survival, on one hand, and growth and development, on the other.
As a consequence, infants and children might be expected to possess psychobiological mechanisms for optimizing this trade-off.
The main argument of this paper is that the attachment process serves this function and that individual differences in attachment
organization (secure, insecure, and possibly others) may represent facultative adaptations to conditions of risk and uncertainty
that were probably recurrent in the environment of human evolutionary adaptedness.
An early version of this paper was presented in the symposium “Childhood in Life-history Perspective: Developing Views” organized
by Gilda Morelli and Paula Ivey for the Annual Meeting of the Society for Cross-Cultural Research in Santa Fe, New Mexico,
February 16–20, 1994.
James S. Chisholm recently joined the Department of Anatomy and Human Biology at the University of Western Australia. Previously
he taught in the Department of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico and in the Division of Human Development at the
University of California, Davis. He is a biosocial anthropologist whose research interests lie in the fields of human behavioral
biology, evolutionary ecology, and life history theory, where he focuses on infant social-emotional development and the development
of reproductive strategies in adolescence and young adulthood. In addition to numerous articles he is the author ofNavajo Infancy: An Ethological Study of Child Development (Aldine de Gruyter, 1983). 相似文献
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Robert Foley 《Evolutionary anthropology》1995,4(6):194-203
The growth of evolutionary psychology has led to renewed interest in what might be the significant evolutionary heritage of people living today, and in the extent to which humans are suited to a particular adaptive environment—the EEA. The EEA, though, is a new tool in the battery of evolutionary concepts, and it is important both that it is scrutinized for its utility, and that the actual reconstructions of the environments in which humans and hominids evolved are based on sound palaeobiological inference and an appropriate use of the phylogenetic context of primate evolution. 相似文献
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Francisco Pina‐Martins Joo Baptista Georgios Pappas Octvio S. Paulo 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(1):337-350
Species respond to global climatic changes in a local context. Understanding this process, including its speed and intensity, is paramount due to the pace at which such changes are currently occurring. Tree species are particularly interesting to study in this regard due to their long generation times, sedentarism, and ecological and economic importance. Quercus suber L. is an evergreen forest tree species of the Fagaceae family with an essentially Western Mediterranean distribution. Despite frequent assessments of the species’ evolutionary history, large‐scale genetic studies have mostly relied on plastidial markers, whereas nuclear markers have been used on studies with locally focused sampling strategies. In this work, “Genotyping by sequencing” is used to derive 1,996 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to assess the species’ evolutionary history from a nuclear DNA perspective, gain insights into how local adaptation is shaping the species’ genetic background, and to forecast how Q. suber may respond to global climatic changes from a genetic perspective. Results reveal (a) an essentially unstructured species, where (b) a balance between gene flow and local adaptation keeps the species’ gene pool somewhat homogeneous across its distribution, but still allowing (c) variation clines for the individuals to cope with local conditions. “Risk of Non‐Adaptedness” (RONA) analyses suggest that for the considered variables and most sampled locations, (d) the cork oak should not require large shifts in allele frequencies to survive the predicted climatic changes. Future directions include integrating these results with ecological niche modeling perspectives, improving the RONA methodology, and expanding its use to other species. With the implementation presented in this work, the RONA can now also be easily assessed for other organisms. 相似文献
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