Effect of Cynomorium total flavone on depression model of perimenopausal rat

PurposeTo observe the effect of cynomorium total flavone on the depression model of perimenopausal rat and to analyze the action characteristics of cynomorium total flavone on depression of rat with perimenopausal syndrome.MethodDuplicate the model of rat with perimenopausal depression based on the combined method of incomplete castration and chronic stimulation, and keep drug administration for 35d. And then measure related behavior indicators and the change of biochemical index level in serum and brains; measure the estrogen/androgen receptor (ER/AR) in related tissues and the ERmRNA expression in hypothalamus.ResultIt can be seen that cynomorium total flavone can significantly improve the behavior indicators of rat with perimenopausal depression; obviously or significantly change the level of related biomedical indexes in serum and brains of perimenopausal depressed rat; obviously or significantly increase the expression of ER/AR in related tissues of perimenopausal depressed rat; obviously or significantly increase the ERmRNA expression in hypothalamus.ConclusionCynomorium total flavone can adjust hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by increasing E2, and make related biomedical indexes and hormone receptors tend to be normal, so as to relieve perimenopausal syndrome and perimenopausal syndrome with depression.     

Anti-oxidative effects of silkworm storage protein 1 in HeLa cell

Silkworm hemolymph contains unique proteins that exhibit anti-apoptotic activity in mammalian cells. Among them, 30 K protein, which is one of the major anti-apoptotic molecules in silkworm hemolymph, has been well investigated. However, little is known about the biological functions of storage protein 1 (SP1), another main protein in silkworm hemolymph. In this study, the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities of SP1 were analyzed. A stable cell line expressing SP1 was constructed, which showed strong anti-apoptotic effect induced by staurosporine treatment. In addition, the cell line exhibited resistance to oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. For practical applications of SP1, recombinant SP1 was produced in Escherichia coli, and the supplementation of recombinant SP1 into culture medium exhibited anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities. In addition, SP1 was found to be a cell-penetrating protein and localized in the cytosol as well as on the plasma membrane. The findings showed that SP1 itself is not an anti-oxidant; rather, it mediates intracellular anti-oxidative activity. In conclusion, the cellular resistance of SP1 to apoptosis and oxidative stress will provide a new strategy that could be utilized in the bio-industry for the production of biologics as well as for the development of anti-aging cosmetics.     

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α regulates branching morphogenesis during kidney development

The kidneys are exposed to hypoxic conditions during development. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an important mediator of the response to hypoxia, is believed to have an important role in development. However, the relationship between HIF and branching morphogenesis has not been elucidated clearly.     

siRNA沉默整合素beta1 基因对子宫内膜癌细胞侵袭、转移的影响

目的：探讨siRNA 沉默整合素茁1 基因对子宫内膜癌细胞侵袭、转移的影响。方法：选取子宫内膜癌ECC-1细胞系(ER阳性) 和KLE细胞系(ER阴性)，分别转染Integrin beta1 siRNA 质粒(Integrin beta1 siRNA 组)、无义序列siRNA质粒(无义序列对照组)和空载 质粒(空载对照组)，利用实时荧光定量PCR 检测各组细胞中Integrin 茁1 mRNA的表达，Western blot 检测各组细胞中Integrin beta1、 beta-catenin 和C-Myc 蛋白的表达，Transwell 小室检测各组细胞迁移和侵袭能力，MTT 法检测各组细胞的增殖情况。结果：Integrin beta1 siRNA 组ECC-1 细胞和KLE 细胞中Integrin beta1 mRNA 和蛋白相对表达量均低于无义序列对照组和空载对照组(P<0.05)； Integrin beta 1 siRNA组ECC-1 细胞和KLE细胞中beta-catenin 蛋白和C-Myc 蛋白相对表达量均低于无义序列对照组和空载对照组， 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；Integrin beta1 siRNA组ECC-1 细胞和KLE 细胞中迁移细胞数和侵袭细胞数均低于无义序列对照组 和空载对照组(P<0.05)；Integrin beta1 siRNA 组ECC-1细胞和KLE 细胞的A 值均低于无义序列对照组和空载对照组(P<0.05)。结 论：特异性抑制Integrin beta1 基因可抑制子宫内膜癌细胞迁移、侵袭和增殖，可能与抑制Wnt信号传导有关。     

Ghrelin receptors in human gastrointestinal tract during prenatal and early postnatal development

The aim of our study was to investigate the appearance, density and distribution of ghrelin cells and GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b in the human stomach and duodenum during prenatal and early postnatal development. We examined chromogranin-A and ghrelin cells in duodenum, and GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b expression in stomach and duodenum by immunohistochemistry in embryos, fetuses, and infants. Chromogranin-A and ghrelin cells were identified in the duodenum at weeks 10 and 11 of gestation. Ghrelin cells were detected individually or clustered within the base of duodenal crypts and villi during the first trimester, while they were presented separately within the basal and apical parts of crypts and villi during the second and third trimesters. Ghrelin cells were the most numerous during the first (∼11%) and third (∼10%) trimesters of gestation development. GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b were detected at 11 and 16 weeks of gestation, showed the highest level of expression in Brunner's gland and in lower parts of duodenal crypts and villi during the second trimester in antrum, and during the third trimester in corpus and duodenum. Our findings demonstrated for the first time abundant duodenal expression of ghrelin cells and ghrelin receptors during human prenatal development indicating a role of ghrelin in the regulation of growth and differentiation of human gastrointestinal tract.     

Small molecule mimetics of an interferon-α receptor interacting domain

Small molecules that mimic IFN-α epitopes that interact with the cell surface receptor, IFNAR, would be useful therapeutics. One such 8-amino acid region in IFN-α2, designated IRRP-1, was used to derive 11 chemical compounds that belong to 5 distinct chemotypes, containing the molecular features represented by the key residues Leu30, Arg33, and Asp35 in IRRP-1. Three of these compounds exhibited potential mimicry to IRRP-1 and, in cell based assays, as predicted, effectively inhibited IFNAR activation by IFN-α. Of these, compound 3 did not display cell toxicity and reduced IFN-α-inducible STAT1 phosphorylation and STAT-DNA binding. Based on physicochemical properties’ analyses, our data suggest that moieties with acidic pKa on the small molecule may be a necessary element for mimicking the carboxyl group of Asp35 in IRRP-1. Our data confirm the relevance of this strategy of molecular mimicry of ligand–receptor interaction domains of protein partners for small molecule drug discovery.     

Differential Effects of GM1 Ganglioside Treatment on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Content in the Rat Septum and Hippocampus After Partial Interruption of Their Connections

Abstract: The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content was investigated using immunoblotting techniques in the septum and hippocampus of the rat after bilateral lateral fimbria transection. Seven days after surgery GFAP content increased significantly both in the septum (140% of control) and hippocampus (120% in dorsal, the less denervated, and 145% in the most denervated ventral part), indicating the occurrence of reactive gliosis. The GM1 treatment caused statistically significant attenuation of GFAP increment in all hippocampal parts. In contrast, GM1 treatment has no influence on the increase of GFAP content in the septum. Results suggest a differential effect of GM1 on the two gliotic reactions formed as a consequence of the lesion at the level of the source of innervation (septum) and the target (hippocampus).