X-ray microdensitometry applied to subfossil tree-rings: growth characteristics of ancient pines from the southern boreal forest zone in Finland at intra-annual to centennial time-scales

A collection of subfossil wood of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) was exposed to X-ray densitometry. The collection of 64 samples from the southern boreal forest zone was dendrochronologically cross-dated to a.d. 673-1788. Growth characteristics were determined by performing density profiles including the following parameters: minimum density, earlywood and latewood boundary density, maximum density, earlywood width, earlywood density, latewood width, latewood density, annual ring width and annual ring density. Seven out of the nine parameters were found to contain non-climatic growth trends and six were found to be heteroscedastic in their variance. Tree-specific records were indexed, to remove the non-climatic growth trends and stabilize the variance, and combined into nine parameter-specific tree-ring chronologies. Growth characteristics of the pines changed in parallel with the generally agreed climatic cooling from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age: pine tree-rings showed decreasing maximum densities from the period a.d. 975-1150 to a.d. 1450–1625. A concomitant change in the intra-annual growth characteristics was detected between these periods. The findings indicate that not only the trees growing near the species’ distributional limits are sensitive to large-scale climatic variations but also the trees growing in habitats remote from the timberline have noticeably responded to past climate changes.     

Large-scale,millennial-length temperature reconstructions from tree-rings

Over the past two decades, the dendroclimate community has produced various annually resolved, warm season temperature reconstructions for the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. Here we compare these tree-ring based reconstructions back to 831 CE and present a set of basic metrics to provide guidance for non-specialists on their interpretation and use. We specifically draw attention to (i) the imbalance between (numerous) short and (few) long site chronologies incorporated into the hemispheric means, (ii) the beneficial effects of including maximum latewood density chronologies in the recently published reconstructions, (iii) a decrease in reconstruction covariance prior to 1400 CE, and (iv) the varying amplitudes and trends of reconstructed temperatures over the past 1100 years. Whereas the reconstructions agree on several important features, such as warmth during medieval times and cooler temperatures in the 17th and 19th centuries, they still exhibit substantial differences during 13th and 14th centuries. We caution users who might consider combining the reconstructions through simple averaging that all reconstructions share some of the same underlying tree-ring data, and provide four recommendations to guide future efforts to better understand past millennium temperature variability.     

电针对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质铁染色细胞和铁蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨电针防治帕金森病的作用机制。方法采用1-甲基-4-苯基1，2，3，6四氢吡啶腹腔注射建立帕金森病小鼠模型，利用组织化学技术以及免疫组织化学技术观察电针对帕金森病小鼠脑黑质铁染色细胞和铁蛋白表达的影响。结果模型组1周、2周、4周小鼠黑质铁染色阳性细胞的数量较正常组明显增多，染色强度也明显增强（P〈0．001；P〈0．01；P〈0．001），电针在3个存活期内均可明显减少帕金森病小鼠黑质铁阳性细胞的数量和染色强度（P〈0．001；P〈0．05；P〈0．001）；模型组1周、2周黑质部位铁蛋白的表达与正常组相比都有不同程度下降（P〈0．01；P〈0．001），而电针组2周帕金森病小鼠黑质铁蛋白的表达与模型组相比显著增加（P〈0．01）。结论电针可以通过降低脑内铁的含量，同时增加铁蛋白的表达，从而提高帕金森病模型小鼠脑抗氧化能力，达到保护黑质多巴胺能神经元的目的。     

穴位激光照射的剂量和机理初探

穴位激光照射疗法是一种通过低强度激光束直接照射穴位的治疗方法,具有针灸作用。阐述了激光照射机体穴位在临床应用的本质,并对其使用的光剂量和作用机理做了初步讨论和分析。     

Involvement of the serotonergic cerebral system in microwave-induced analgesia in mice of different genotypes

Under conditions of the formalin test, we studied changes in the level of analgesia induced by the action of low-intensity microwaves on the antinociceptive acupuncture point (AP) E36 in mice of strains CBA/CaLac (CBA) and C57BL/6j (C57) and in albino mongrel mice. Measurements were performed under control conditions and with experimentally induced decrease in the serotonin level in the brain (by injections of DL-parachlorophenylalanine, p-CPA). In the latter cases, the duration of the pain behavioral reaction increased despite irradiation of the AP E36. In mongrel, CBA, and C57 mice, the intensity of pain manifestations was 114.4, 29.0, and 21.1% greater, respectively, than in mice of these groups with no injections of p-CPA. These facts show that the serotonergic brain system is profoundly involved in the formation of analgesia after irradiation of the AP by low-intensity microwaves, and this involvement significantly depends on the genotype of the animals. Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, Nos. 5/6, pp. 495–497, September–December, 2006.     

650 nm激光穴位照射与针刺治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效对比观察

目的:观察、评估650 nm激光照射穴位治疗良性前列腺增生症(中医辨证为肾阳虚)的临床疗效。方法:对30例良性前列腺增生症患者,采用650 nm激光,照射会阴、关元、肾俞,并随机选取30例,用针刺治疗作临床对比观察,针刺肾俞、秩边、关元、命门、足三里、脾俞、三阴交、次髎等穴。结果:激光照射穴位与针刺治疗均对良性前列腺增生症有较好的疗效,两组治疗前后症状评分、尿动力学均有显著的改变(P<0.05),但两者的临床疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:650 nm激光穴位照射是临床治疗良性前列腺增生症(肾阳虚型)的有效治疗方法之一,值得深入研究。     

龙虎交战针法联合悬吊训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者腰背伸肌群功能、神经传导速度和血清炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：观察龙虎交战针法联合悬吊训练对腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者腰背伸肌群功能、神经传导速度和血清炎症因子的影响。方法：纳入我院2018年4月-2021年8月期间接收的LDH患者82例。按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（悬吊训练,n=41）和实验组（龙虎交战针法联合悬吊训练,n=41）。观察两组患者腰椎功能恢复情况、疼痛症状改善情况以及腰背伸肌群功能、神经传导速度和血清炎症因子的变化情况。结果：实验组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组日本骨科协会下腰痛评价表（JOA）评分升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评分下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组平均功率、腰背伸状态下峰力矩升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组腰背屈伸比下降,且实验组较对照组低（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组腓总神经和胫神经的传导速度均升高,且实验组较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-1（IL-1）、基质金属蛋白酶 3（MMP-3）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：龙虎交战针法联合悬吊训练可促进LDH患者腰椎功能改善,减轻疼痛症状,改善腰背伸肌群功能和腓总神经、胫神经的神经传导速度,降低机体血清炎症因子水平,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

火针联合外用5%米诺地尔酊对肝肾不足型斑秃患者外周血Th17细胞、Treg细胞和心理状态的影响

摘要 目的：观察火针联合外用5%米诺地尔酊对肝肾不足型斑秃患者外周血辅助性T细胞17（Th17）、调节性T细胞（Treg）和心理状态的影响。方法：选取2019年3月~2021年4月期间我院收治的102例肝肾不足型斑秃患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各为51例。对照组患者接受5%米诺地尔酊外用治疗,研究组患者接受火针联合外用5%米诺地尔酊治疗,治疗3个月后,观察两组疗效,对比两组外周血Th17细胞、Treg细胞占CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例及相关细胞因子水平、心理状态、斑块面积的变化,记录两组毳毛长出时间、毳毛变黑时间以及治疗期间不良反应情况。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的临床总有效率明显更高（P<0.05）。两组治疗后Th17细胞比例、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-23（IL-23）水平较治疗前下降,Treg细胞比例较治疗前升高,且研究组变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后斑块面积均缩小,且研究组小于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组的毳毛长出时间、毳毛变黑时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论：火针联合外用5%米诺地尔酊治疗肝肾不足型斑秃,可有效改善患者临床症状,调节外周血Th17细胞、Treg细胞比例及相关细胞因子水平,有效改善患者焦虑抑郁情绪,安全可靠。     

西藏农作物病原真菌的区域分化初探*

在西藏农作物病原真菌调查基础上,综合分析西藏自然环境条件和社会经济条件对病原真菌分布的影响,将西藏病原真菌分布划分为5个区:(1) 喜马拉雅南侧暖热湿润区; (2)藏东温暖半湿润区; (3)藏南温暖半干旱区; (4) 西喜马拉雅温凉干旱区; (5) 藏北羌塘高寒区;