贝伐单抗辅助的23G玻璃体切割术治疗严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的：2011年,我国糖尿病患者人数高达9240万。糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy,DR）作为糖尿病患者的常见并发症,在糖尿病人群中的患病率为37％,是导致成人获得性盲的最主要原因之一。严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变以牵拉性视网膜脱离、玻璃体出血为特征,具有致盲率大,手术难度高等特点。针对与此,本文主要探讨术前注射贝伐单抗对23G玻璃体切割手术治疗严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者效果的影响。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。共收集严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者70例,药物辅助手术组（A组）21例,术前3—7天行玻璃体腔注射贝伐单抗（1．25mg／O．05mL）;单纯手术组（B组）49例,行23G玻璃体切割术。分析两组术前及术后视力、手术时间、医源性裂孔、电凝、术后出血的不同。结果：在术后3月,两组视力提高有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。A组平均手术时间为74分钟,而B组平均手术时间为85分钟（P〉0．05）。医源性裂孔在A组中有1例,而B组中有16例（P〈0．05）,在A组中有3例使用电凝,B组中有25例使用电凝（P〈0．05）。A组有1例出现术中及术后出血,B组为20例（P〈O．05）。结论：在这个回顾性研究中,我们发现对于严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的病人,术前玻璃体腔注射1．25mg／O．05ml贝伐单抗可以显著减少医源性裂孔的发生,减少术中电凝使用及术中术后出血的发生。     

Endogenous <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus versicolor</Emphasis> Endophthalmitis in an Immuno-competent HIV-positive Patient

A 25-year-old white, HIV-positive, immuno-competent man was referred to us because of a progressive blurred vision in his right eye. Clinical characteristics were suggestive for an unilateral fungal endophthalmitis, and thereby fluconazole firstly, followed by conventional amphotericin B were intravenously administered, without any significant improvement. Thus, a pars plana vitrectomy was performed. Aspergillus versicolor was isolated from the cultures of the vitreous sample and intravenous liposomal amphotericin B was administered. An increase of visual acuity together with a reduction of vitreous inflammation occurred. This case of ours represents the first report describing an endogenous endophthalmitis induced by Aspergillus versicolor.     

A new species of Tetrastemma (Nemertea: Enopla: Monostiliferoidea) from Ria de Foz, north-western Spain, found living in the mantle cavity of the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana

A new species of monostiliferoidean nemertean, Tetrastemmafozensis , from the mantle cavity of the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana , in the Ría de Foz, north-western Spain, is described and illustrated. Other nemerteans from the mantle cavity of Scrobicularia collected in Poole Harbour, southern England, are provisionally identified as conspecific with the Ria de Foz material, but show certain anatomical differences whose taxonomic significance cannot at present be assessed.     

The effects of mode of development on phylogeography and population structure of North Atlantic Crepidula (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae)

The mode of development of marine invertebrates is thought to influence levels of population structure and the location of species range endpoints via differences in dispersal ability. To examine these effects, populations of three sympatric clades of sedentary, marine gastropods in the genus Crepidula were sampled along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. A haplotype tree was constructed for each clade based on 640 bp sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I. Examination of the tree topology, and AMOVA analysis show that species with direct development (those hatching as benthic juveniles) have higher levels of population structure than do species with planktonic development. Both species in the direct-developing C. convexa clade have high levels of geographical differentiation, with most populations representing a discrete clade of haplotypes. The planktotrophic species C. fornicata contains two major haplotype clades, both of which include samples from throughout the Atlantic coast. In this species there is no geographical differentiation among haplotypes but AMOVA analysis detects a small but statistically significant level of geographical structure. The population structure within the C. plana species complex appears also to vary with mode of development: C. atrasolea, a direct-developing species, has higher levels of population structure than does C. depressa, a sympatric planktotrophic species. The coincident occurrence of range endpoints and genetic breaks along the east coast of Florida in both direct-developing species and species with planktonic development indicates that this biogeographic break is not due to development-specific mechanisms such as hydrographic effects on larval recruitment.     

Effects of Copper on the Burrowing Behavior of Estuarine and Coastal Invertebrates,the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor and the Bivalve Scrobicularia plana

Alterations of the burrowing behavior of two benthic invertebrates living in intertidal mudflats, the polychaete Nereis diversicolor and the bivalve Scrobicularia plana, were studied in individuals exposed to soluble copper. The design of the contamination procedure took into account the results assessing the influence of some natural factors potentially able to influence burrowing (artificial vs. natural sediment, lighting, size of the shell for bivalves). Animals were exposed for 4 d to concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 μ g Cu l^{? 1}. At the end of exposure, the burrowing kinetics in clean sediment were determined after 1 and 2 d, then the animals were frozen until acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity determination. Even at the lowest tested concentrations, copper caused hypoactivity in organisms belonging to both species studied. Behavioral impairments were not related to AChE activity inhibition. Metabolical or physiological disturbances could be the cause of these impairments. Concentrations affecting burrowing behavior were below those responsible for lethality in these species.     

Long-term evaluation of corneal sub-basal nerve recovery after photorefractive keratectomy and influence of pars plana vitrectomy

The corneal sub-basal nerve (SBN) plexus is destroyed during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and its recovery is still a matter of debate. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was used to evaluate SBN plexus in 23 patients at a distance of 10–25 years (mean 15.6 years) from myopic PRK. Because 8 out of the 23 PRK patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, IVCM was also performed on those patients 6 months after PPV. Thirteen patients matched for age and myopia served as controls (non-PRK). SBN plexus was markedly reduced after PRK compared with non-PRK eyes and showed a slow, continuous but incomplete recovery up to the end of our follow-up (range 10–25 years). PRK and non-PRK eyes showed a marked reduction in SBN density 6 months after PPV, thus demonstrating a detrimental effect exerted by PPV on SBN plexus.     

Restoration of a Native Grassland as Habitat for the Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Walker (Lepidoptera; Castniidae) at Mount Piper, Australia

Synemon plana (golden sun moth) is a small diurnal moth from the family Castniidae, now listed as endangered in all regions of southeastern Australia in which it occurs. This study details an attempt to restore the native grassland habitat of S. plana at one site by increasing the cover of its probable food plant, Austrodanthonia eriantha (wallaby grass), to at least 40%, the average percentage cover determined from all currently inhabited sites. The percentage cover of A. eriantha increased when seedlings were planted, although there was no significant increase in cover by seeding caryopsides (dispersal units) or by weeding. However, combining weeding with planting seedlings, or seeding increased cover by 22% and 27% to 43% and 64%, respectively. Two hundred caryopsides per square meter (compared with only 49 seedlings/m²) were required to increase cover to at least 40% due to the low viability of seeds and low germination in the field. Therefore, to restore grasslands dominated by A. eriantha as suitable habitat for S. plana, seedlings should be planted and weeds removed.     

康柏西普预防严重后巩膜裂伤玻璃体切除术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的临床疗效

摘要 目的：探讨玻璃体腔注射康柏西普对于严重后巩膜裂伤患者玻璃体切除术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生的预防效果。方法：选取从2018年9月至2020年9月我院收治的40例（40眼）严重后巩膜裂伤患者进行研究,随机分为对照组20眼（行常规巩膜裂伤缝合术及经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术）和观察组20眼（行巩膜裂伤缝合术及经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术的同时联合玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗）。比较两组患者术前及术后的视力、眼压,以及术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的发生率、视网膜再脱离的发生率。结果：对照组及观察组术后的最佳矫正视力较术前均提高、术后眼压均正常,观察组术后的增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生率（15.0 %）明显低于对照组（45.0 %, P<0.05）,观察组术后视网膜脱离复发率（5.0 %）低于对照组（30.0 %, P>0.05）。结论：严重后巩膜裂伤患者玻璃体切除术联合玻璃体注射康柏西普治疗能够有效降低增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的发生率和术后视网膜脱离的复发率,还可以改善患者的视力预后。     

The temporal and spatial occurrence of Tetrastemma fozensis (Hoplonemertini) in intertidal bivalves

The bivalve Scrobicularia plana, which iscommonly found on tidal flats in northwestern Europe,has disappeared from many locations during the pasttwo decades. Its local disappearance has beensuspected to be a result of pollution, but otherfactors such as parasites have also been discussed. The occurrence of Tetrastemma fozensis, a smallhoplonemertine inhabiting the mantle cavity of S. plana,was examined in bivalves from six differentestuaries in northern Spain. The bivalves are easilycollected, and the nemertines leave the bivalves whenplaced in a small jar with seawater for 72 h. Regularexaminations at 6–10 wk intervals of S. planafrom the estuary of Plencia revealed that thepercentage of bivalves containing nemertines T. fozensisdecreased during the summer months, but wasabove 70% during the rest of the year. In mostestuaries about 40–60% of the bivalves containednemertines, but in March 1994, 100% of the bivalvesfrom the estuary of Hendaye were hosts for nemertines.Nemertines were not found in S. plana from thehighly polluted estuary of Bilbao in either March orSeptember 1994. The number of nemertines withinindividual bivalves was positively correlated with thesize of the bivalves in locations where the percentageof bivalves containing nemertines was above 75%. Inone estuary where the nemertines disappeared almostcompletely from the bivalves between March 1994 andSeptember 1994, parasitic copepods appeared withinsome bivalves in September 1994. The ecology of thenemertine T. fozensis still remains largelyunknown, but we suspect that the nemertines may bebeneficial for their hosts.