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Rebecca A. Fletcher Rachel K. Brooks Vasiliy T. Lakoba Gourav Sharma Ariel R. Heminger Christopher C. Dickinson Jacob N. Barney 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(11):3694-3705
Despite our growing understanding of the impacts of invasive plants on ecosystem structure and function, important gaps remain, including whether native and exotic species respond differently to plant invasion. This would elucidate basic ecological interactions and inform management. We performed a meta‐analytic review of the effects of invasive plants on native and exotic resident animals. We found that invasive plants reduced the abundance of native, but not exotic, animals. This varied by animal phyla, with invasive plants reducing the abundance of native annelids and chordates, but not mollusks or arthropods. We found dissimilar impacts among “wet” and “dry” ecosystems, but not among animal trophic levels. Additionally, the impact of invasive plants increased over time, but this did not vary with animal nativity. Our review found that no studies considered resident nativity differences, and most did not identify animals to species. We call for more rigorous studies of invaded community impacts across taxa, and most importantly, explicit consideration of resident biogeographic origin. We provide an important first insight into how native and exotic species respond differently to invasion, the consequences of which may facilitate cascading trophic disruptions further exacerbating global change consequences to ecosystem structure and function. 相似文献
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尾尖奇蒿(Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima)(菊科-春黄菊族)1992年发表时未指定模式,故为不合格发表。该名称2011年得以合格发表,故2016年的再次合格发表纯属多余,是有关作者没有仔细查阅文献的结果。该名称的正确引证应为“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Bangladesh J.Plant Taxon.18:203.2011”,而非“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Phytotaxa 273:213.2016”。 相似文献
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RALF B. SCHÄFER STEVEN J. COOKE ROBERT ARLINGHAUS NÚRIA BONADA FRANÇOIS BRISCHOUX ANDREW F. CASPER JANE A. CATFORD VIRGINIE ROLLAND 《Freshwater Biology》2011,56(11):2405-2412
1. Two senior ecologists summarised their experience of the scientific publication process ( Statzner & Resh, Freshwater Biology, 2010 ; 55 , 2639) to generate discussion, particularly among early career researchers (ECRs). As a group of eight ECRs, we comment on the six trends they described. 2. We generally agree with most of the trends identified by Statzner & Resh (2010) , but also highlight a number of divergent perspectives and provide recommendations for change. Trends of particular concern are the use of inappropriate metrics to evaluate research quality (e.g. impact factor) and the salami slicing of papers to increase paper count. We advocate a transparent and comprehensive system for evaluating the research. 3. We stress the importance of impartiality and independence in the peer review process. We therefore suggest implementation of double‐blind review and quality control measures for reviewers and possibly editors. Besides such structural changes, editors should be confident to overrule biased reviewer recommendations, while reviewers should provide helpful reviews but be explicit if a submission does not meet quality standards. Authors should always conduct a thorough literature search and acknowledge historical scientific ideas and methods. Additionally, authors should report low‐quality copy editing and reviews to the editors. 4. Both early and late career researchers should jointly implement these recommendations to reverse the negative trends identified by Statzner & Resh (2010) . However, more senior scientists will always have to take the lead with respect to structural changes in the publication system given that they occupy the majority of decision‐making positions. 相似文献
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微生物活菌分为繁殖能力的活菌和有代谢活动但没有繁殖能力的活菌。传统的平板计数方法无法对有代谢活动但没有繁殖能力的活菌进行准确定量分析。本文综述了微生物活细胞检测新技术的研究进展,包括以PCR为基础的新技术和荧光活化细胞分选术与流式细胞术结合的新技术。 相似文献
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Variable reporting and quantitative reviews: a comparison of three meta-analytical techniques 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Variable reporting of results can influence quantitative reviews by limiting the number of studies for analysis, and thereby influencing both the type of analysis and the scope of the review. We performed a Monte Carlo simulation to determine statistical errors for three meta‐analytical approaches and related how such errors were affected by numbers of constituent studies. Hedges’d and effect sizes based on item response theory (IRT) had similarly improved error rates with increasing numbers of studies when there was no true effect, but IRT was conservative when there was a true effect. Log response ratio had low precision for detecting null effects as a result of overestimation of effect sizes, but high ability to detect true effects, largely irrespective of number of studies. Traditional meta‐analysis based on Hedges’d are preferred; however, quantitative reviews should use various methods in concert to improve representation and inferences from summaries of published data. 相似文献
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Chuan Hong Georgia Salanti Sally C. Morton Richard D. Riley Haitao Chu Stephen E. Kimmel Yong Chen 《Biometrics》2020,76(4):1240-1250
Small study effects occur when smaller studies show different, often larger, treatment effects than large ones, which may threaten the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The most well-known reasons for small study effects include publication bias, outcome reporting bias, and clinical heterogeneity. Methods to account for small study effects in univariate meta-analysis have been extensively studied. However, detecting small study effects in a multivariate meta-analysis setting remains an untouched research area. One of the complications is that different types of selection processes can be involved in the reporting of multivariate outcomes. For example, some studies may be completely unpublished while others may selectively report multiple outcomes. In this paper, we propose a score test as an overall test of small study effects in multivariate meta-analysis. Two detailed case studies are given to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed test over various naive applications of univariate tests in practice. Through simulation studies, the proposed test is found to retain nominal Type I error rates with considerable power in moderate sample size settings. Finally, we also evaluate the concordance between the proposed tests with the naive application of univariate tests by evaluating 44 systematic reviews with multiple outcomes from the Cochrane Database. 相似文献
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补充了喜马拉雅野青茅Deyeuxia himalaica 的拉丁描述和特征简介,指定了主模式,使其成为合法名称。 相似文献
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Asterorhombus annulatus was long synonymized with A. intermedius. Twenty-nine specimens from the Coral Sea revealed that the former is clearly separable from the latter in having a short
first dorsal fin ray, slender gill rakers with spinules, distinctly shorter blind-side pelvic fin base, an absence of conspicuous
black spots on the ocular side of the body, greater eye diameter and greater interorbital width, and somewhat higher ranges
of upper jaw lengths. A. annulatus is redescribed as a valid species.
Received: March 4, 2000 / Revised: September 13, 2000 / Accepted: January 12, 2001 相似文献