甲磺酸伊马替尼对单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠肾间质纤维化的保护作用

目的研究甲磺酸伊马替尼（STI571）改善单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）小鼠肾间质纤维化的作用及机制。方法48只小鼠随机分为4组：假手术组,模型组,小剂量治疗组（80mg/kg/d）,大剂量治疗组（160mg/kg/d）。采用左侧输尿管双结扎的方法建立UUO模型,治疗组每天以STI57180、160mg/Kg灌胃。分别于术后第8,11d分别处死各组小鼠6只。光镜下观察肾脏病理改变。用免疫组化技术检测肾组织TGF-β1、PAI-1、α-SMA和PCNA的表达。结果治疗组的肾间质纤维化定量显著低于模型组（P〈0.05）,且不同剂量组之间存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。模型组和治疗组左肾TGF-β1、PAI-1、α-SMA和PCNA的表达均随梗阻时间延长而逐渐增加,治疗组α-SMA和PCNA的表达较模型组明显减低（P〈0.05）。结论甲磺酸伊马替尼可显著减轻UUO小鼠梗阻侧肾脏间质纤维化,下调α-SMA和PCNA的表达,减少肾间质细胞外基质的沉积,对UUO小鼠肾间质纤维化有一定防治作用。     

A new child-friendly 3D bimanual protocol to assess upper limb movement in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: Development and validation

Unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) causes upper limb movement disorders that impact on daily activities, especially in bimanual condition. However, a few studies have proposed bimanual tasks for 3D motion analysis. The aim of this study was to validate the new version of a child-friendly, 3D, bimanual protocol for the measurement of joint angles and movement quality variables. Twenty children with uCP and 20 typically developing children (TDC) performed the five-task protocol integrated into a game scenario. Each task specifically targeted one or two upper limb degrees of freedom. Joint angles, smoothness and trajectory straightness were calculated. Elbow extension, supination, wrist extension and adduction amplitudes were reduced; hand trajectories were less smooth and straight in children with uCP compared to TDC. Correlations between the performance-based score and kinematic variables were strong. High within and between-session reliability was found for most joint angle variables and lower reliability was found for smoothness and straightness in most tasks. The results therefore demonstrated the validity and reliability of the new protocol for the objective assessment of bimanual function in children with uCP. The evaluation of both joint angles and movement quality variables should increase understanding of pathological movement patterns and help clinicians to optimize treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03888443.     

Genomic factors responsible for abnormal morphology of pollen tubes in the interspecific cross Nicotiana tabacum ×N. rustica

Nicotiana tabacum shows unilateral pollen-pistil incongruity with N. rustica. If N. tabacum is pollinated with N. rustica, growth of the pollen tube is arrested in the middle of the style, and abundant callose deposition, tube swelling and tube winding are observed. An attempt was made to clarify the genomic factors responsible for this pollen-pistil incongruity. N. tabacum was pollinated with N. paniculata or N. undulata, progenitors of amphidiploid N. rustica. When pollinated with N. undulata, growth of the pollen tube was arrested in the middle of the style and showed abnormal morphology similar to that with N. rustica, but when pollinated with N. paniculata the pollen tube reached near the base of the style and was almost normal in appearance. These observations suggest that the factors responsible for the pollen tube abnormality of N. rustica are derived from the N. undulata genome.We also used N. sylvestris, N. glutinosa and N. otophora as pistilar parents and N. rustica or its progenitors as pollen parents to examine the genomic factors of the pistilate parents. The pollen tube features of these three species in the pistils of N. sylvestris were similar to those in the pistil of N. tabacum. Received: 25 October 1999 / Revision accepted: 2 February 2000     

单侧PKP术对骨质疏松压缩性骨折相邻椎体高度的影响

目的：探讨单一椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折行单侧PKP 术后对相邻上下椎体高度的影响。方法：62 例行T12 椎体骨质疏松 性压缩性骨折单侧PKP 术后的患者,测量术前,术后2 天、6 个月、1 年T11 椎体及L1 椎体前缘、中央及后缘高度,计算椎体压缩 率,比较两椎体各时相点椎体前缘、中央及后缘椎体压缩率的变化。结果：术后2 天L1 和T11 的椎体前缘、中央及后缘压缩率比 较差异无统计学意义(P 均>0.05);术后6 个月、1 年后两椎体前缘、中央及后缘高度压缩率比较（P均<0.05）差异有统计学意义。 L1 和T11 术后2 天、6 个月、12 个月不同时相,三点压缩率越来越大,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论：单侧PKP术后椎体相 应负荷的改变,对下位邻近椎体较上位椎体高度影响较大,可能与相邻下位椎体承受的重力高于上位相邻椎体有关。     

Effect of time pressure on attentional shift and anticipatory postural control during unilateral shoulder abduction reactions in an oddball-like paradigm

Background

The effect of time pressure on attentional shift and anticipatory postural control was investigated during unilateral shoulder abduction reactions in an oddball-like paradigm.

Methods

A cue signal (S1) - imperative signal (S2) sequence was repeated with various S2-S1 intervals (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 s). S2 comprised target and non-target stimuli presented at the position (9° to the left or the right) indicated by S1. Right shoulder abduction was performed only in response to target stimuli, which were presented with a 30% probability. The P1, N1, N2, and P3 components of event-related potentials were analyzed, and onset times of postural muscles (electromyographic activity of erector spinae and gluteus medius) were quantified with respect to middle deltoid activation.

Results

There was no significant effect of S2-S1 interval on the latency or amplitude of P1, N1, or N2. The percentage of subjects with bimodal P3 peaks was significantly smaller and the slope of the P3 waveform in the 100 ms after the first peak was significantly steeper with a 1.0-s S2-S1 interval than with a 1.5- or 2.0-s S2-S1 interval. The onset of postural muscle activity was significantly later in the shorter interval conditions.

Conclusions

These results suggest that with a shorter S2-S1 interval, that is, higher time pressure, attention was allocated to hasten the latter part of cognitive processing that may relate to attentional shift from S2 to next S1, which led to insufficient postural preparation associated with arm movement and anticipatory attention directed to S2.     

氨甲环酸联合利伐沙班对单侧全膝关节置换术后患者出血量、凝血功能以及膝关节功能的影响

目的:探讨氨甲环酸联合利伐沙班对单侧全膝关节置换术后患者出血量、凝血功能及膝关节功能的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2016年1月在解放军425医院骨科初次行单侧全膝关节置换术的患者66例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组,每组各33例。治疗组患者在止血带释放前向关节腔内注射氨甲环酸,对照组患者则给予氯化钠注射液进行静脉滴注,在术后6-12h内两组患者均口服利伐沙班。记录并对比两组患者总失血量、隐性出血量、输血率、输血量,对比两组患者手术前后凝血功能指标、膝关节功能评分、膝关节活动度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),并观察两组患者并发症发生情况。结果:与对照组对比,治疗组患者的总失血量、隐性出血量、输血量及输血率均明显降低(P0.05);治疗组与对照组患者术前与术后3 d的活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FG)水平比较均无显著差异(P0.05);术前两组患者的美国膝关节协会评分(AKSS)及膝关节活动度比较无显著差异(P0.05),术后7 d,治疗组与对照组患者的AKSS评分及膝关节活动度均较术前升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者的AKSS评分及膝关节活动度高于同时期对照组(P0.05);术前两组VAS评分比较无显著差异(P0.05),术后1 d,两组患者的VAS评分比较及与同组术前比较均无显著差异(P0.05),术后7 d,两组患者的VAS评分明显较术前及术后1 d降低(P0.05),但两组之间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者并发症总发生率对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:氨甲环酸联合利伐沙班可有效降低行单侧全膝关节置换术患者的出血量,加快关节功能的恢复,且不影响患者的凝血功能,值得临床推广。     

Legumain/asparaginyl endopeptidase controls extracellular matrix remodeling through the degradation of fibronectin in mouse renal proximal tubular cells

Legumain/asparaginyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.34) is a novel cysteine protease that is abundantly expressed in the late endosomes and lysosomes of renal proximal tubular cells. Recently, emerging evidence has indicated that legumain might play an important role in control of extracellular matrix turnover in various pathological conditions such as tumor growth/metastasis and progression of atherosclerosis. We initially found that purified legumain can directly degrade fibronectin, one of the main components of the extracellular matrix, in vitro. Therefore, we examined the effect of legumain on fibronectin degradation in cultured mouse renal proximal tubular cells. Fibronectin processing can be inhibited by chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal degradation, and can be enhanced by the overexpression of legumain, indicating that fibronectin degradation occurs in the presence of legumain in lysosomes from renal proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, in legumain-deficient mice, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal interstitial protein accumulation of fibronectin and renal interstitial fibrosis were markedly enhanced. These findings indicate that legumain might have an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling via the degradation of fibronectin in renal proximal tubular cells.     

Age-dependent population diffusion with external constraint

We present a simple model for age dependent population diffusion when the dynamics is submitted to external constraints. Existence, uniqueness and dependence on the parameters of the solution are discussed.This work has been done within the framework of the cultural agreement between the Universities of Bordeaux and Rome     

Regeneration of Leydig cells in unilaterally cryptorchid rats: evidence for stimulation by local testicular factors

Summary Leydig cells in testes of adult rats were selectively destroyed by a single intraperitoneal injection of ethane dimethane sulphonate. Four days later rats were made unilaterally cryptorchid and 1, 2 and 4 weeks later the histology of the testes was examined by light microscopy and morphometry. After induction of unilateral cryptorchidism, the volume of abdominal compared to scrotal testes was reduced by 45–60% due to rapid impairment of spermatogenesis in abdominal testes. Leydig cells were not present in either scrotal or abdominal testes in the 1-week unilateral crytorchid group. A new generation of foetal-type Leydig cells was observed in scrotal testes of the 2-week unilateral crytorchid group although their total volume per testis estimated by morphometry, was small, being approximately 1 l. In contrast, the abdominal testis exhibited a remarkable proliferation of foetal-type Leydig cells (total volume per testis, 16 l) which predominantly surrounded the peritubular tissues of the seminiferous tubules. A similar morphology and pattern of Leydig cell development was observed in scrotal and abdominal testes of the 4-week unilateral cryptorchid group where total Leydig cell volume was 7 l vs 21 l, respectively. The results show that regeneration of a new population of Leydig cells occurs more rapidly in the abdominal testis than in the scrotal testis of the same animal. These observations suggest the possibility that augmentation of Leydig cell growth is mediated by local intratesticular stimulatory factors within the abdominal testis. Development of new Leydig cells from the peritubular tissue provides circumstantial evidence that the seminiferous tubules and in particular the Sertoli cells, are a likely source of agents that stimulate the growth of Leydig cells.