响应面法优化松茸发酵产多糖的培养条件

运用响应面法对松茸产多糖的发酵培养条件进行优化研究。首先根据C、N源实验结果,利用Plackett-Bur-man设计,对影响多糖产量的相关因素进行评估,筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:玉米粉、豆粕和KH2PO4。在此基础上,利用最陡爬坡试验逼近以上3个因素的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken设计法对各因素的水平组合进行优化,获得松茸产多糖优化发酵的培养条件:玉米粉质量分数4.54%,豆粕质量分数4.96%,KH2PO4质量分数0.15%,MgSO4.7H2O质量分数0.05%,VB1质量分数0.001%,初始pH5.5,摇床转速180 r/min,发酵时间10 d。在此优化培养条件下松茸总多糖产量可达5.97 g/L。     

5种珍稀食药用真菌活性提取物对果蝇寿命影响的研究

探讨了松茸、栎金钱菌、蜂窝菌、云芝、杏鲍菇活性提取物对果蝇寿命的影响,分别用这5种食药用真菌活性提取物各以5、20g/L的剂量加入培养基中培养果蝇,观察其对果蝇寿命的影响.结果表明,松茸、栎金钱菌、蜂窝菌、云芝、杏鲍菇的活性提取物能显著延长果蝇的平均寿命和半数死亡时间,其平均寿命延长率分别达23.96%、53.22%、23.09%、32.58%、20%.这提示松茸、栎金钱菌、蜂窝菌、云芝、杏鲍菇都具有良好的延寿效果.     

Detection of β-glucosidase as saprotrophic ability from an ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake

We investigated extracellular carbohydrase production in the medium of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma matsutake, to reveal its ability to utilize carbohydrates such as starch as a growth substrate and to survey the saprotrophic aspects. We found β-glucosidase activity in the static culture filtrate of this fungus. The β-glucosidase was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was obtained from about 2.1 l static culture filtrate, with 9.0% recovery, and showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. Molecular mass was about 160 kDa. The enzyme was most active around 60°C and pH 5.0, and stable over a pH of 4.0–8.0 for 30 min at 37°C. The purified enzyme was activated by the presence of Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions (about 2–3 times that of the control). The enzyme readily hydrolyzed oligosaccharides having a β-1,4-glucosidic linkage such as cellobiose and cellotriose. However, it did not hydrolyze polysaccharides such as avicel and CM-cellulose or oligosaccharides having an α-glucosidic linkage. Moreover, cellotriose was hydrolyzed by the enzyme for various durations, and the resultant products were analyzed by TLC. We concluded that the enzyme from T. matsutake seems to be a β-glucosidase because cellotriose with a β-1,4-glucosidic linkage decomposed to glucose during the enzyme reaction.     

松茸多糖抗辐射功能的初步研究

预防给予小鼠松茸多糖(PTM),测定小鼠在受到2 Gy X线照射后,脾和胸腺重量、T淋巴细胞转化能力、外周血中白细胞数和肝组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量的变化,结果显示PTM处理组小鼠的各项指标与辐射对照组比较均有显著性差别,提示PTM可促进机体自由基的清除,增加机体抗氧化能力,对辐射所致的免疫损伤有明显的保护作用。     

林芝地区松茸营养成分分析及松茸多糖的提取分离

以林芝地区5个样点采集的野生鲜松茸子实体为材料,对水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗多糖、氨基酸、灰分、VC及矿质元素的含量、有效成分进行测定,并以正交法确定了松茸多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:各组分的平均质量分数分别为89.45%、12.02%、7.74%、7.84%、9.53%、8.67%、5.76%、0.5046 mg.g-1;矿质元素中K、P含量较高,平均24.063mg.g-1、5.278 mg.g-1,Zn含量高于其它常见食用菌子实体,平均0.5648 mg.g-1,Ca的含量偏低,平均0.4356 mg.g-1;同时含有甾体等有效成分。松茸多糖提取主次因素和最优工艺为乙醇体积分数85%、料水比为1:10、温度80℃、时间4 h,在此条件下粗多糖得率为8.98%。     

松口蘑菌丝体的分离和RAPD-PCR分析

针对松口蘑 [Tricholomamatsutake(S .ItoetImai)Sing .]菌丝体分离培养困难和各种相关分离物目前难以用出菇试验鉴定的现实 ,采用 8种培养基配方 ,对 9个不同来源的松口蘑子实体的不同部位及菌根、菌土进行组织分离 ,计接种试管 81 0多支 ,结果从菌褶部位获得 94支慢生型的菌丝体分离菌株 ,从菌柄部位仅获得 1支快生型的菌丝体分离菌株。以马铃薯葡萄糖土壤滤液培养基 (PDAS)、马铃薯葡萄糖麦麸滤液培养基 (PDAW )、BM培养基、马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基 (PDA)对菌褶进行组织分离 ,获慢生型菌丝体的成功率依次为 74.4%、35.5%、156%和 8.9%。以各分离菌株的来源松口蘑子实体和中日两国松口蘑研究者提供的分离菌株作为DNA参照样品 ,对从供试子实体、菌根、菌土进行组织分离获得的各种相关纯培养物进行亲菌鉴定。采用筛选的 1 7个随机引物介导 2 5个供试松口蘑子实体及其分离菌体的RAPD(RandomAmplifiedPolymorphicDNA) PCR反应 ,全部获得了清晰而稳定的DNA指纹图谱 ,结果一致表明 :每个松口蘑子实体的菌盖 (含菌褶…     

滇产与日产松茸的IGS1-RFLP比较分析

应用Cfr13I限制性内切酶对采自于云南省16个市县的127个松茸子实体进行了IGS1-RFLP比较分析,发现126个松茸子实体属于A类型,来自大理白族自治州剑川县的1例(TF89)为C类型。通过对A类型的IGS1序列分析发现产自云南的松茸有一个CTTT的简单重复,滇产松茸IGS1序列差异不明显。滇产松茸的IGS1-RFLP与日产松茸的主要类型十分相似,两地松茸可能是同源的。     

Nutritional environment of soil and roots in and around mycelial blocks of an ectomycorrhizal fungusTricholoma bakamatsutake in an evergreen Fagaceae forest

In the evergreen Fagaceae forests of Japan, an ectomycorrhizal fungusTricholoma bakamatsutake forms shiros or developing mycelial blocks. To determine the physiological characteristics of the mycelial blocks, organic acids of the soil and major nutrient elements of the soil and roots were compared at three types of sites: presently colonized mycelial blocks, previously colonized sites behind the blocks, and uncolonized sites in front of the blocks. The upper part of the mycelial blocks showed the following features compared with the uncolonized site: lower pH (5.1), higher concentrations of oxalic and gluconic acids, lower content of total nitrogen, a similar amount of total carbon, reduced total and available phosphorus, higher content of total calcium and lower content of exchangeable calcium. These findings suggested that the activity of the fungus led to soil acidification by the organic acids, an increase in C/N ratio, depletion of phosphorus and accumulation of calcium.     

担子菌多糖及羊脾RNA对肿瘤的抑制与有关组织中cAMP含量关系的探讨

本文讨论了对带瘤小鼠注射香菇多糖、松口蘑多糖和羊脾RNA后,活体内有关组织中cAMP含量与抑瘤率之间的关系。 结果表明,上述活性物质不仅增强了机体免疫活性,同时亦促使机体内脾、瘤等组织的cAMP增高,此种增高,与抑瘤率成正相关。     

松茸的营养生理及培养基的筛选

采用分离自吉林延边的松茸菌种研究了松茸的营养生理及培养基筛选。结果表明：松茸对单糖、双糖、多糖和糖醇都有一定的利用,但葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖等单糖对菌丝生长效果较好;氮源以谷氨酸胺、（NH4）2HPO4、酒石酸铵等氨态氮较为适合。松茸菌丝在较宽C／N比范围内都可生长,以C／N比21～66为佳。KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O、VB2、VB6对松茸的生长促进效果明显是菌丝生长所必需的。新筛选的11号培养基和已有松茸培养基比较,除生长速度有所提高外,气生菌丝大为增多,生长茂盛。