Phytosociology and ecology of old hay meadows in Hordaland,western Norway in relation to management

Well-drained mown hay meadows in Hordaland, western Norway, were investigated. The hay meadows are either managed in a traditional or in a semi-traditional way. Traditional management in the area involves little or no use of manure or fertilizer, mowing once or twice a year with a first cut later than June 23, clearing in spring and intensive grazing for short periods in spring and autumn. Semi-traditional management involves use of small to medium quantities of commercial fertilizer, often in addition to manure. Grazing may be irregular, light or lacking.Eight units of hay meadow vegetation are described, all assigned to the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, order Arrhenatheretalia; four units to the Atlantic alliance Cardaminion pratensis, association Cardamino pratensis-Conopodietum majoris (with three subassociations); one unit to the alliance Arrhenatherion elatioris, three units are provisionally grouped as Galium uliginosum-Knautia arvensis meadows.Continuous management of these meadows has resulted in characteristic species compositions, which vary along a west-east climatic gradient, and are related to the amount of commercial fertilizer used and the natural mineral-content of the soil.These hay meadows seem to be best maintained by continuing the traditional management regime. Grazing in spring and in autumn reduces fast growing dominants and creates openings for new seedlings of annuals and biennials. A late first cut allows for ripening of the seeds and creates openings for light for the species of the lower field layer. A list of species characteristic of traditionally managed permanent hay meadows is presented, and possible effects of present changes in management on the species composition of the meadows are discussed.The amount of organic matter in the topsoil is small in most stands. The pH values are between 4.0 and 5.6. The highest values were recorded in soil where little or no commercial fertilizer is used, and where the subsoil is naturally rich in minerals. A tendency to Mg impoverishment in the best fertilized stands is demonstrated. Species-rich stands on Ca-rich soils are poor in P.The expected changes in vegetation, future use, and conservation of permanent hay meadows in Hordaland are discussed.     

INVITED SPECIAL PAPER: History of the botanical teaching laboratory in the United States

The establishment of teaching laboratories for botany in the United States was strongly influenced in the early part of the 19th century by the founding of a laboratory of natural history at the Rensselaer School by Amos Eaton who inspired numerous educators, particularly women. By midcentury and later, botany programs were established at land-grant colleges and the so-called “new Botany” movement spread from them. In the latter part of the century additional changes were brought about by the influence of German laboratory activity and botanists’ reactions to the introduction of the Huxley-Martin biology programs to America. During these times, Americans were improving their own manufactured microscopes, laboratory supplies, and equipment capabilities. By the beginning of the 20th century, laboratory teaching of botanical subjects was widely accepted as normal in universities and colleges, as well as in some high schools.     

任务驱动法在“微生物学实验”混合式教学中的实践

通过“微生物学实验”课程多年来的混合式教学实践发现,学生的主动性是学习效果的核心要素。鉴于在以往的教学实践中,无论采用何种教学手段,总有部分学生的学习主动性不能得到体现。我们近年来采用轮流组长责任制下的任务驱动教学法,极大地调动了所有学生的学习动力。每位学生在担任组长工作时从课前任务、课堂执行、课后总结等方面都发挥了重要作用,而不担任组长时也会积极主动地配合组长工作。最终,实验课程学习成绩优秀率占比、体现素质能力培养的成绩分项都显著提升。同时,课程教学也收获了良好的学生认可和反馈。     

“环境工程微生物学”线上线下混合式教学的改革与实践

“环境工程微生物学”是环境工程专业的一门基础课程,但由于环境微生物学概念抽象、内容繁冗,大部分学生在课堂上注意力不集中,难以理解和应用生物氧化过程、微生物在环境工程中的作用等内容,教学效果较差。为提高学生的学习效果和教师的教学感受,基于超星泛雅网络教学平台,对环境工程微生物学的教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等进行线上线下混合式教学改革与实践。实践结果表明改革后的课程激发了学生内在学习的动力,使学生具有了自学和继续学习的能力,在知识、能力、素质这3个方面取得了成效,并有效提升了学生的专业能力和综合素质;同时,课程教师的教学方法、教学能力、教学感受以及信息技术均得到提升和改进,加强了课程创新实践,提升了环境工程类专业课程的教学质量。     

制药工程“微生物学实验”课程的项目化教学探索与实践

为了培养学生的自主学习能力和实践创新能力,按照工程教育专业认证要求基于成果导向教育(outcome based education, OBE)理念设计课程教学,将制药工程微生物学实验课实验教学项目设置成入门、进阶和自主3种项目等级。实验项目内容由浅入深、逐级递进、层层相关,教学过程以学生为中心,并结合线上教学手段和竞赛机制的支持。实践结果表明,经过项目化教学改革,在教师教学和学生学习成效两个方面均得到明显提升,学生在论文撰写能力、动手能力等方面也有了明显的进步,值得后续进一步总结和推广。     

中医正骨手法改善桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者腕关节功能的临床研究及疗效的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：观察中医正骨手法在桡骨远端伸直型骨折中的临床应用价值,并分析疗效的影响因素。方法：选择四川省骨科医院2020年1月~2022年1月期间收治的桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者152例,按照治疗方式的不同将患者分为对照组（给予石膏固定）和研究组（应用中医正骨手法治疗）,例数分别为77例和75例。对比两组优良率、临床指标、腕关节活动度和X线相关影像学指标。同时采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响研究组腕关节功能疗效的相关因素。结果：治疗后,研究组的优良率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组手背消肿时间、疼痛缓解时间、骨折愈合时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后12周掌屈、背伸、桡偏、尺偏、旋前、旋后活动度均扩大,且研究组均大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后12周掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度均增加,且研究组均大于对照组（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示,研究组腕关节功能优良率与年龄、性别、骨质疏松、功能锻炼、掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度、骨折端稳定性、受伤能量、利手情况有关（P<0.05）,而与体质量指数、就诊时间、基础疾病、骨折类型、固定时间无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：性别为女、骨质疏松、无功能锻炼、掌倾角偏小、桡骨高度偏短、骨折端不稳定、受伤能量为高能量、利手是影响腕关节功能优良率的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：中医正骨手法可有效改善桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者腕关节功能,减少骨折愈合及疼痛缓解时间。此外,患者腕关节功能的优良率还受到性别、骨质疏松、功能锻炼、掌倾角、桡骨高度、骨折端稳定性、受伤能量、利手情况的影响,值得引起临床重视。     

Bird communities in traditional wood-pastures with changing management in Eastern Europe

Wood-pastures are fragile ecosystems because they were formed by, and depend on specific, low-intensity multifunctional management. Although their ecological and cultural significance is high, wood-pastures are rapidly deteriorating all over Europe, mainly due to changing land use. We still lack a basic understanding of the ecological value of wood-pastures, and in which features they differ from other landscape elements. In this paper we investigated the ecological value of wood-pastures for passerine birds by (i) comparing bird assemblages of wood-pastures with those of closed forests and open pastures and (ii) exploring the relationships between variables describing wood-pastures and species traits of the bird assemblages. Our study region (Southern Transylvania, Romania) provides a unique opportunity to understand the importance of a traditional cultural and ecological environment for many different organisms. Wood-pastures had a higher overall number of bird species, and a higher spatial turnover in bird community composition than closed forests and open pastures. We found significant associations between bird species traits and habitat structural elements in wood-pastures such as large trees, oak- and pear trees and shrubs. Our findings suggest that traditional wood-pastures in Southern Transylvania have distinct and rich passerine bird communities. This richness is inextricably linked to the multifunctional, low-intensity land use traditionally applied in the wood-pastures that promotes high niche diversity. For effective conservation of the biodiversity of wood-pastures, a detailed understanding is needed of how different management regimes may influence the key structural elements of wood-pastures relevant for biodiversity and these should be protected.     

高血压患者饮食习惯、传统制剂服用现状调查及其影响因素分析

目的:调查高血压患者饮食习惯以及传统制剂服用现状,并分析饮食习惯与高血压患病的关系以及传统制剂服用的影响因素。方法:按照简单随机抽样法,采用自制调查问卷对呼和浩特市3个镇共8个行政村成年常住农村村民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学特征、饮食习惯等内容,并采用多因素logistic回归分析饮食习惯与高血压患病的关系以及高血压患者传统制剂服用的影响因素。结果:呼和浩特市高血压患病率为22.68%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,较高的BMI、高血压家族史、饮酒史、泡菜咸菜、油炸食品、红肉(猪/牛/羊肉)/动物内脏、海产品是高血压独立危险因素(OR=1.257、1.451、1.358、1.317、1.108、1.146、1.373,P<0.05),奶制品、豆制品、新鲜果蔬是高血压保护因素(OR=0.797、0.868、0.903,P<0.05)。高血压患者传统制剂服用率为16.90%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,年龄≥60岁、文化程度高中以下、不了解高血压知识是高血压患者传统制剂服用的危险因素(OR=1.342、1.545、1.142,P<0.05)。结论:呼和浩特市农村成年村民高血压患病率较高,不良饮食习惯(饮食偏咸、油腻等)是高血压独立危险因素,高龄、文化程度低、不了解高血压知识的高血压患者传统制剂服用率较高,应加强农村居民合理膳食、保持均衡饮食习惯的宣传教育以及农村高血压患者用药规范。     

中心静脉导管引流对单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者术后胸腔引流的应用分析

目的:探讨中心静脉导管引流对单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者术后胸腔引流的应用效果。方法:回顾性选取2019年1月至2019年12月期间我院收治的行单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者80例的临床资料,根据引流方式的不同分为A组(n=40,传统引流)和B组(n=40,中心静脉导管引流),对比两组患者临床指标、生活质量、炎性因子及并发症发生情况。结果:B组引流操作时间、术后住院时间短于A组(P0.05)。两组术后3个月生活质量简表(SF-36)各维度评分均较术前升高,且B组高于A组(P0.05)。两组术前、术后3d、术后7d白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)呈先升高后下降趋势,且术后3d、术后7d B组以上指标低于A组(P0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:与传统引流相比,单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者术后采用中心静脉导管引流,效果显著,可减少炎性刺激,安全可靠,有效改善患者术后生活质量。     

开窗减压术与传统刮治术治疗颌骨囊肿的手术效果、生活质量和预后的对比研究

目的:对比颌骨囊肿经传统刮治术与开窗减压术治疗后的手术效果、生活质量和预后。方法:回顾性选取2016年1月～2018年7月期间我院收治的90例颌骨囊肿患者的临床资料,上述患者根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=45,传统刮治术)和B组(n=45,开窗减压术),比较两组患者疗效、临床指标、生活质量和预后。结果:B组患者临床总有效率为97.78%(44/45),高于A组的84.44%(38/45)(P0.05)。B组患者伤口愈合时间、手术时间、均短于A组,术中出血量少于A组(P0.05)。两组患者末次随访时情绪、外貌、味觉、疼痛、唾液、咀嚼等项目评分均升高,且B组高于A组(P0.05)。B组并发症发生率、复发率均低于A组(P0.05)。结论:与传统刮治术治疗相比,开窗减压术治疗颌骨囊肿,在手术效果、生活质量和预后方面效果显著,具有较高的临床应用价值。