榆属（榆科）一新种——绵竹榆

绵竹榆的花秋季开放,翅果柱头面被毛,其两侧的翅较果核为窄,果核位于翅果上端接近缺口处,与榔榆(Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.)相似,但树皮深灰色,不规则鳞块状浅裂,叶片先端渐尖,花被片裂至基部,宿存,边缘上部生纤毛,翅果狭椭圆形,中部最宽,向两端渐变窄,果梗与花被等长,长约2 mm,果序梗长约1 mm,而明显不同。     

我国特有植物缙云卫矛濒危机理分析

缙云卫矛为我国二级保护植物,仅分布于重庆北碚缙云山和统景镇东温泉公园,皆为旅游胜地。缙云卫矛常以伴生种存在于慈竹林。伴随着旅游业的发展,适宜于缙云卫矛生存的空间环境越来越小,致使该物种处于濒危状态。导致缙云卫矛濒危的原因主要有：(1)物种的生态幅较小,适宜生长在水热条件良好的环境中,(2)形态可塑性较差,对生境的适应能力差;(3)生长发育缓慢,竞争能力较弱;(4)种子萌发率低;(5)人为干扰严重。此外,还讨论了缙云卫矛保护对策。     

百合科寄主植物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物效应

室内分别用百合科韭菜、大葱、大蒜和圆葱饲喂韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang幼虫,研究了4种寄主植物对其生长发育和繁殖的影响;用气-质谱联用分析技术,检测了人工合成大蒜素及大蒜、圆葱和韭菜的乙醇提取物的主要化学成分。结果表明,4种供试寄主植物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响存在差异,幼虫取食韭菜最有利于其生长发育和繁殖;取食大蒜和圆葱对其生长发育和繁殖表现出明显的不利性,主要表现为幼虫死亡率增加,幼虫期延长,蛹重减轻,单雌产卵量降低;而取食大葱的影响介于取食韭菜与取食大蒜和圆葱之间。大蒜、圆葱的乙醇提取物和人工合成的大蒜素均对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊1龄幼虫有不同程度的杀虫活性,大蒜和圆葱的乙醇提取物（干粉,2 g/mL）稀释100和200倍,处理后48 h对1龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别达54.7%、28.0%和49.4%、22.7%;10%大蒜素稀释500和1 000倍,处理后48 h校正死亡率达100%和80.0%。成分分析表明硫醚类化合物可能是大蒜和圆葱中含有的杀虫活性物质之一。     

Comparative Detection of Calcium Fluctuations in Single Female Sex Cells of Tobacco to Distinguish Calcium Signals Triggered by in vitro Fertilization

Double fertilization is a key process of sexual reproduction in higher plants. The role of calcium in the activation of female sex cells through fertilization has recently received a great deal of attention. The establishment of a Ca²⁺-imaging technique for living, single, female sex cells is a difficult but necessary prerequisite for evaluating the role of Ca²⁺ in the transduction of external stimuli, including the fusion with the sperm cell, to internal cellular processes. The present study describes the use of Fluo-3 for reporting the Ca²⁺ signal in isolated, single, female sex cells, egg cells and central cells, of tobacco plants. A suitable loading protocol was optimized by loading the cells at pH 5.6 with 2 μM Fluo-3 for 30 min at 30  °C. Under these conditions, several key factors related to in vitro fertilization were also investigated in order to test their possible effects on the [Ca²⁺]_cyt of the female sex cells. The results indicated that the bovine serum albumin-fusion system was superior to the polyethlene glycol-fusion system for detecting calcium fluctuations in female sex cells during fertilization. The central cell was fertilized with the sperm cell in bovine serum albumin; however, no evident calcium dynamic was detected, implying that a transient calcium rise might be a specific signal for egg cell fertilization.     

新疆棘豆属一新种

假长毛棘豆　新种　图 1ＯｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｈｉｒｓｕｔａＱ .ＷａｎｇｅｔＣ .Ｙ .Ｙａｎｇ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｎｏｖａａｆｆｉｎｉｓＯ .ａｓｓｉｅｎｓｉＶａｓｓ.,ｓｅｄｃｏｒｏｌｌａａｕｒｅａ,ｖｅｘｉｌｌｏ 1 7～ 2 0ｍｍｌｏｎｇｏ ,ｒｏｓｔｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｅ 2～ 2 .5ｍｍｌｏｎｇｏｄｉｆｆｅｒｔ.Ｐｅｒｅｎｎｉｓ,5～ 1 2ｃｍａｌｔａ ,ｂａｓｉｓｔｉｐｕｌｉｓｅｔｐｅｔｉｏｌｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｉｂｕｓｄｅｎｓｅｖｅｓｔｉｔａ,ｓｕｂａｃａｕｌｉｓ.Ｆｏ ｌｉａ 3～ 8ｃｍ…     

CCN3/NOV small interfering RNA enhances fibrogenic gene expression in primary hepatic stellate cells and cirrhotic fat storing cell line CFSC

Nephroblastoma overexpressed gene encodes a matricellular protein (CCN3/NOV) of the CCN family, comprising CCN1 (CYR61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN4 (WISP-1), CCN5 (WISP-2), and CCN6 (WISP-3). CCN proteins are involved in the regulation of mitosis, adhesion, apoptosis, extracellular matrix production, growth arrest and migration in multiple cell types. Compared to CCN2/CTGF, known as a profibrotic protein, the biological role of CCN3/NOV in liver fibrosis remains obscure. In this study we showed ccn3/nov mRNA to increase dramatically following hepatic stellate cell activation, reaching peak levels in fully transdifferentiated myofibroblasts. In models of experimental hepatic fibrosis, CCN3/NOV increased significantly at the mRNA and protein levels. CCN3/NOV was found mainly in non-parenchymal cells along the areas of tissue damage and repair. In the bile-duct ligation model, CCN3/NOV was localized mainly along portal tracts, while the repeated application of carbon tetrachloride resulted in CCN3/NOV expression mainly in the centrilobular areas. In contrast to CCN2/CTGF, the profibrotic cytokines platelet-derived growth factor-B and -D as well as transforming growth factor-β suppressed CCN3/NOV expression. In vitro, CCN3/NOV siRNA attenuated migration in the cirrhotic fat storing cell line CFSC well in line with in vivo findings that various types of cells expressing CCN3/NOV migrate into the area of tissue damage and regeneration. The suppression of CCN3/NOV enhanced expression of profibrotic marker proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, fibronectin, CCN2/CTGF and TIMP-1 in primary rat hepatic stellate cells and in CFSC. We further found that adenoviral overexpression of CCN2/CTGF suppressed CCN3/NOV expression, while the overexpression of CCN3/NOV as well as the suppression of CCN3/NOV by targeting siRNAs both resulted in enhanced CCN2/CTGF expression. These results indicate the complexity of CCN actions that are far beyond the classic Yin/Yang interplay.     

新疆驼绒藜属（藜科）一些新分类群

报道了产于新疆的驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia ceratoides(L) Guedenst)2个新变种及昆仑山驼绒藜(K.compacta(Losinsk.)Grub.)1个新变种：叶城驼绒藜（K.compacta var.yechengensis A L Fu.f.nov.）。每一新分类群均有插图。荒漠驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia ceraroides var. deserticola(Losinsk.)G.Yang comb.nova)主要生于平原荒漠或低山区,常在下部分枝,形成垫状灌丛,叶片狭窄,披针形、狭椭圆形、狭长圆形,两面均被细绒毛。因而两面同色;草原驼绒藜(K.ceratoides var. pratensis(Losinsk.)Z Li comb.nova)主要生在山地草原,分枝也多在上部,叶上面无毛,下面疏毛,因而两面不同色;叶城驼绒藜(K.compacta var. yechengensis A L Fu var.nov.)的叶片跟博乐驼绒藜（变型）很近似,但雌花苞片为淡绿色,分离部分远长于连合部分,而甚易区别,也仅见于叶城昆仑山。     

广东小煤炱亚目的初步研究*

本文报道了广东3属14种和变种的小煤炱菌,其中含笑生附丝壳(Appendiculella michelicola Yang)、马比花生小煤炱(Meliola mappianthicola Yang)是新种,其余为国内新记录。文中有种和变种检索表。