In vitro and in vivo evaluation of topical formulations of Spantide II

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate topical formulations of Spantide II, a neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist, for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Spantide II lotion and gel was formulated with and without n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a penetration enhancer. The release of Spantide II from gels was evaluated using microporous polyethylene and polypropylene membranes in a Franz Diffusion cell setup. In vitro percutaneous absorption of Spantide II from lotion and gel formulations was evaluated using the above setup by replacing the membranes with hairless rat skin. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Spantide II formulations was evaluated in an allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) mouse model. Among different gels studied, PF127 gel showed highest (70-fold) release of Spantide II compared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gels. Lotion and gel formulations with or without NMP showed no detectable levels of Spantide II in the receiver compartment of the Franz diffusion cell until 24 hours. However, Spantide II showed significant retention in epidermis and dermis from lotion and gel formulations at 24 hours. The dermal levels increased ≈3.5- and 2-fold when the lotion and gel formulations contained NMP as compared with the formulation with no NMP (P<.05). The in vivo studies indicated that Spantide II formulations with NMP were effective in significantly reducing ACD response, similar to dexamethasone (0.5 mM). In conclusion, Spantide II was stable as a topical formulation and delivered to target skin tissue (epidermis and dermis) for the treatment of ACD. In addition this study supports the role of cutaneous neurosensory system in modulating inflammatory responses in the skin. Published: October 31, 2005     

伊维菌素搽剂的毒理学研究

目的　研究放线菌属产生的阿凡曼菌素 Ｂ１ 的衍生物伊维菌素（ Ｉｖｅｒｍ ｅｃｔｉｎ） 搽剂皮肤用药的急性和长期毒性作用。方法　观察给予正常皮肤和破损皮肤动物一次性或长期经皮给药产生的毒性反应。结果　以２６７ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 大剂量的伊维菌素经皮给药 ２４ｈ 后出现震颤、运动失调等中毒症状, ７２ｈ 后症状消失; 以１００ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 经皮给药 ４５ 天后无明显的毒性。结论　大剂量 （２６７ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ） 的伊维菌素经破损皮肤给药可致动物急性中毒, 较大剂量 （１００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ） 长期皮肤用药无明显的毒性作用。     

中药蛇伤熏洗剂治疗蛇伤肢体肿胀的临床研究

目的观察中药蛇伤熏洗剂对蛇伤肢体肿胀患者的疗效。方法选择60例毒蛇咬伤肢体肿胀患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组给予常规的蛇伤治疗方案,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上,于咬伤后72h开始使用中药蛇伤熏洗剂熏蒸及肢体浸泡,并观察两组患者咬伤后3天及6天的肢体肿胀程度、5-羟色胺的变化及肿胀消退时间、疗程等指标变化。结果两组患者治疗3天后各项指标比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,与治疗前比较均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗6天后比较,治疗组各项指标改善明显优于对照组,均具有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论中药蛇伤熏洗剂对蛇伤肢体肿胀的疗效显著,可以明显缩短肿胀消退时间、降低5-羟色胺水平。     

活血止痛熏洗剂联合功能康复训练对踝关节骨折术后功能恢复及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨活血止痛熏洗剂联合功能康复训练对踝关节骨折术后功能恢复及生活质量的影响。方法:将150例踝关节骨折患者,按照随机数字表格法分为观察组与对照组,各75例。观察组患者于手术后2周给予活血止痛熏洗剂联合功能康复训练,对照组手术后单纯给予功能康复。比较两组患者治疗前后功能恢复情况及生活质量变化。结果:观察组的有效率为88.0%,高于对照组的69.3%,两组比较差异显著具有统计学意义(X~2=7.786,P0.05)。治疗后,观察组的症候功能积分低于对照组,观察组的AIMS2-SF生活质量积分高于对照组,两组比较差异著性(P0.05)。结论:活血止痛熏洗剂联合功能康复训练治疗踝关节骨折术后的临床疗效确切,患者症状明显改善,患者生活质量显著提高,临床上应该推广应用。     

肛周脓肿术后应用痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴对创面愈合、肛门功能和血清炎性因子影响的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察肛周脓肿术后应用痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴对创面愈合、肛门功能和血清炎性因子的影响。方法：全部136例肛周脓肿术术后患者均来自于我院2019年9月~2021年7月期间收治的患者。按照双色球随机分组法将患者分为对照组（68例）和研究组（68例）。对照组接受常规治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上接受痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴,观察两组疗效、创面愈合情况、肛门功能和血清炎性因子变化,记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗7 d后,研究组创面缩小率高于对照组,手术创面肉芽生长评分、创面疼痛程度评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,研究组肛管最大收缩压、肛管静息压大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗7 d后,研究组血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-8（IL-8）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论：肛周脓肿术后应用痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴,可促进创面愈合,减轻对肛门功能的损害,可能与痛痒消洗剂熏洗坐浴可有效降低血清炎性因子水平有关。     

Passive and iontophoretic transport enhancement of insulin through porcine epidermis by depilatories: Permeability and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies

The effect of thioglycolate-based depilatory lotions was studied on the in vitro passive and iontophoretic permeability of insulin through porcine epidermis and biophysical changes in the stratum corneum (SC) lipids and proteins. The porcine epidermis and Franz diffusion cells modified for iontophoresis were used for the in vitro transport studies. Cathodal iontophoresis was performed at 0.2 mA/cm² current density. Resistance of the control- and depilatory-lotion-treated epidermis was determined according to Ohmslaw. Biophysical changes were studied on porcine SC before (control) and after treatment with the depilatory lotions using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Asymmetric (∼2915 cm⁻¹) and symmetric (∼2848 cm⁻¹) Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) stretching absorbances were studied to estimate the extent of lipid extraction. Fourier self-deconvolution and second derivative procedures were applied to amide I band (1700–1600 cm⁻¹) in order to estimate quantitatively the changes in the secondary structure of the SC protein. The passive permeability of insulin was significantly (P<.05) increased through depilatory-lotion-treated (ie, Better Off, Marzena, and Sally Hansen) epidermis in comparison to control. Iontophoresis significantly enhanced (P<.05) the permeability of insulin through depilatory-pretreated epidermis in comparison with the control epidermis. Further, we were able to achieve the desired flux of insulin (5.25 U/cm²/d) through Better Off-treated epidermis using 0.2 mA/cm² current density and 100 U/mL donor concentration of insulin. The SC treated with depilatory lotions showed a decrease in peak areas of C-H stretching absorbances in comparison with untreated SC. Depilatory lotion treatment also decreased (P<.05) the epidermal resistance in comparison with the control epidermis. The decrease in the α-helix conformation and the increase in the random and turn structures were observed in the SC proteins due to depilatory lotion treatment. The changes in the secondary structure of proteins and lipid extraction from the SC are suggested as the cause of the decrease in the epidermal resistance and the increase in the passive and iontophoretic permeability of insulin through depilatory-pretreated epidermis in comparison with the control epidermis.     

Valorization of cashew apple bagasse using acetic acid pretreatment: Production of cellulosic ethanol and lignin for their use as sunscreen ingredients

The present study focuses on the fractionation of cashew apple bagasse via a pretreatment using acetic acid as a delignifying agent and sulfuric acid as an external catalyst. As expected, the concentrations of both acids and the incubation time dramatically affected delignification and hemicellulose solubilization. Under the optimal pretreatment conditions, recycling of the spent liquor had no apparent impact on the chemical composition of the pretreated material, yield of sugar produced via enzymatic hydrolysis (∼37 g/L reducing sugars at 7.5% (w/v) solid loading), or yield of ethanol obtained via fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (∼16 g/L at 10% (w/v) solid loading). The lignin recovered from the spent liquor showed a good ultraviolet protective effect; the addition of 5% (w/w) of the biopolymer increased the sun protection factor of a commercial sunscreen lotion from 21.62 to 40.71. The combined use of hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation reduced the organosolv lignin color (absorbance at 450 nm was four times lower) owing to aromatic ring cleavage, but cosmetics containing whitened organosolv lignin had low sun protection factor values. In summary, the results obtained in this study demonstrate the utility of organic acid pretreatment in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials.