支气管哮喘与咽部微生态学关系的临床研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘与咽部微生态学紊乱有无关系.方法选择34例本院呼吸内科门诊病人和26例正常人对照,进行咽部菌群的定性、定量、定位测定.结果哮喘患者需氧菌密度为6.8778±1.7331,正常人咽部需氧菌密度为5.1437±1.0125,两者比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01);哮喘患者咽部厌氧菌密度为7.0500±2.7486,正常人为6.2900±2.3732,两者比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论支气管哮喘患者咽部微生态学明显失衡.不排除其在支气管哮喘发作、发展中起一定作用.     

呼、吸气流阻力不同匹配对呼吸型式及主观感觉影响的多因素分析

以19名健康男性青年为实验对象,观察了吸气阻力(IR)与呼气阻力(ER)比例不同的外加联合呼吸阻力(CR)对呼吸型式和主观感觉的影响。施加 CR 时,IR 与 ER 同时对呼吸发生影响,总的效应相当于 IR 与 ER 单独作用的“相加”,未发现交互作用。随着 CR 中 IR/ER 比值的逐步增加,表征呼吸型式的变量呈现有规律的变化。     

关于复合呼吸机械负荷生理、心理效应的观察与分析

以12名男性成年为被试者,观察了外加死腔(V_(ADS))与吸气阻力(RI)对呼吸型式、通气功能以及呼吸不适感觉的联合影响。结果表明:(1)V_(ADS)及R_I对吸气相面罩腔(口腔)压力(P_I)及外呼吸功率(W_I)具有协同的增强作用;复合呼吸机械负荷的强度越大,此种协同作用也越加明显。(2)无论V_(ADS)及R_I的比例关系如何,反应呼吸不适感觉强度的类别量值(S)与P_I(或W_I)之间,总是符合共同的线性关系,故可以P_I(或W_I)作为复合呼吸机械负荷的综合强度指标。(3)在所观察范围内,V_(ADS)并不影响对阻力性机械负荷的呼吸调节功能。以上结果对制订呼吸防护装备生理标准有一定意义。     

咽拭子快速培养在肺炎支原体感染中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨咽拭子快速培养在肺炎支原体感染中的临床应用价值。方法:收集2014年2月~2016年2月期间我院收治的呼吸道感染患儿220例,用肺炎支原体专用液体培养基进行肺炎支原体快速培养,用胶体金法检测肺炎支原体MP-Ig M。比较两种方法的阳性率。结果:咽拭子培养快速培养阳性率与血清MP-Ig M检测阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MP-Ig检测显示,≤1岁阳性率最低,其阳性率随年龄增加不断增高(P0.05)。肺炎支原体咽拭子培养显示,≤1岁阳性率最高,2~8岁最低(P0.05)。病程≤7 d患者肺炎支原体咽拭子培养阳性率(34.21%)显著高于肺炎支原体MP-Ig检测阳性率(14.04%)(P0.05)。病程7 d患者肺炎支原体咽拭子培养阳性率(11.32%)显著低于肺炎支原体MP-Ig检测阳性率(52.83%)(P0.05)。肺炎支原体咽拭子培养的灵敏度性以及特异性显著高于肺炎支原体MP-Ig检测,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:咽拭子快速培养对肺炎支原体感染的早期诊断有一定临床应用价值,方法简单,无创伤,值得临床进一步研究和应用。     

超声引导下髂腹下－髂腹股沟神经阻滞应用于男性全身麻醉后导尿管相关膀胱刺激征临床效果的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导髂腹下－髂腹股沟神经阻滞应用于男性全身麻醉后导尿管相关膀胱刺激征（CRBD）的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析本院收治的60例择期全身麻醉下行下肢清创、皮瓣转移或植皮的男性患者,且术中需留置导尿管者的临床资料。按是否行超声引导下髂腹下－髂腹股沟神经阻滞分为观察组和对照组,观察组在全身麻醉后,超声引导下进行双侧髂腹下-髂腹股沟神经阻滞,神经阻滞完成后行导尿管留置术。对照组麻醉诱导完成后,即行导尿管留置术。记录拔除气管导管后10 min（T1）、1h（T2）、3h（T3）CRBD严重程度评分和Riker镇静-躁动评分。记录术前（T0）和T1、T2、T3对应时点的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）,对比两组的苏醒质量和麻醉相关不良反应。结果：术后各时段观察组CRBD严重程度评分和Riker镇静-躁动评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后各时段观察组的SBP、DBP、HR与对照组相比均明显降低 （P＜0.05）;观察组PACU内非计划性使用镇痛药、非计划性拔除尿管的比例低于对照组,PACU的停留时间短于对照组（P <0.05）;两组麻醉相关不良反应发生率对比未见统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论：超声引导下髂腹下－髂腹股沟神经阻滞操作简便,减轻全身麻醉后CRBD的效果确切,患者对导尿管有良好的耐受,术后血流动力学和循环更稳定,苏醒质量更高。     

圈养大熊猫粘液排泄现象的观察

大熊猫(Ailuropodamelanoleuca)是中国特有的珍稀动物,它们以高纤维含量的竹子为主食,但却具有与食肉动物相似的消化系统结构,为适应高纤维的食物,它们又形成了与食竹相适应的消化生理特点。其整个消化道内膜上粘液腺丰富,在野外,这些粘液腺的分泌物包裹于大熊猫所摄食的竹茎、     

Sleep and the temperature field of the bed

1. 1. In order to find a correlation between the thermal conditions in bed and the quality of sleep, 5 young, healthy persons were tested in a thermal climate chamber.

2. 2. The sleep of each person was thoroughly monitored during 5 nights (stages I to IV, REM, awake) with continuous registration of 14 temperatures, 12 distributed in the bed, the distal skin temperature and the ambient temperature.

3. 3. Shortly after the test persons went to bed and shortly after they woke up their blood pressure and pulse were taken and they were asked to fill in a questionnaire.

4. 4. The results of this pilot project show a correlation between the quality of sleep and the variations of temperature and that larger fluctuations of temperature in the bed are connected to a shorter deep-sleep time.

5. 5. In order to investigate the thermal comfort it is recommended to undertake detailed analyses of the time and exact interplay between the local thermal conditions during sleep and changes of the sleep-EEG.

Functional characterization of two novel splicing mutations in the OCA2 gene associated with oculocutaneous albinism type II

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eye, and by ophthalmologic abnormalities caused by a deficiency in melanin biosynthesis. OCA type II (OCA2) is one of the four commonly-recognized forms of albinism, and is determined by mutation in the OCA2 gene.     

Blood cells transcriptomics as source of potential biomarkers of articular health improvement: effects of oral intake of a rooster combs extract rich in hyaluronic acid

The aim of the study was to explore peripheral blood gene expression as a source of biomarkers of joint health improvement related to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) intake in humans. Healthy individuals with joint discomfort were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study in humans. Subjects ate control yoghurt or yoghurt supplemented with a recently authorized novel food in Europe containing hyaluronic acid (65 %) from rooster comb (Mobilee™ as commercial name) for 90 days. Effects on functional quality-of-life parameters related to joint health were assessed. Whole-genome microarray analysis of peripheral blood samples from a subset of 20 subjects (10 placebo and 10 supplemented) collected pre- and post-intervention was performed. Mobilee™ supplementation reduced articular pain intensity and synovial effusion and improved knee muscular strength indicators as compared to placebo. About 157 coding genes were differentially expressed in blood cells between supplemented and placebo groups post-intervention, but not pre-intervention (p < 0.05; fold change ≥1.2). Among them, a reduced gene expression of glucuronidase-beta (GUSB), matrix metallopeptidase 23B (MMP23B), xylosyltransferase II (XYLT2), and heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS6ST1) was found in the supplemented group. Correlation analysis indicated a direct relationship between blood cell gene expression of MMP23B, involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix, and pain intensity, and an inverse relationship between blood cell gene expression of HS6ST1, responsible for 6-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate, and indicators of knee muscular strength. Expression levels of specific genes in blood cells, in particular genes related to GAG metabolism and extracellular matrix dynamics, are potential biomarkers of beneficial effects on articular health.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12263-014-0417-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Evaluation of the mechanical efficiency of knee braces based on computational modeling

Knee orthotic devices are commonly prescribed by physicians and medical practitioners for preventive or therapeutic purposes on account of their claimed effect: joint stabilisation and proprioceptive input. However, the force transfer mechanisms of these devices and their level of action remain controversial. The objectives of this work are to characterise the mechanical performance of conventional knee braces regarding their anti-drawer effect using a finite element model of a braced lower limb. A design of experiment approach was used to quantify meaningful mechanical parameters related to the efficiency and discomfort tolerance of braces. Results show that the best tradeoff between efficiency and discomfort tolerance is obtained by adjusting the brace length or the strap tightening. Thanks to this computational analysis, novel brace designs can be evaluated for an optimal mechanical efficiency and a better compliance of the patient with the treatment.