全文获取类型
收费全文 | 686篇 |
免费 | 109篇 |
国内免费 | 93篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 40篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有888条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
The impact of water-level regulation on littoral macroinvertebrate assemblages in boreal lakes 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Regulation of lake water level for power production and flood control is among the major anthropogenic disturbances in boreal aquatic ecosystems. In Finland, over 300 lakes, representing one third of the total inland water area of the country, are artificially regulated. To study the effects of regulation on lake littoral macroinvertebrate communities, samples were taken from upper stony littoral and from lower soft bottom littoral habitats of 11 lakes with different regulation amplitudes (wintertime fall in water level 1.19–6.75 m). Twelve unregulated (wintertime fall in water level 0.11–0.55 m) lakes with otherwise similar characteristics were used as a reference. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordinations showed that the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages was strongly associated with the amplitude of water level regulation. Taxon richness also decreased with increasing intensity of regulation. Freezing and flushing of sediments in late winter are probably the most important factors leading to the impoverished littoral macroinvertebrate fauna. Invertebrates with long life cycle seem to be particularly vulnerable to unnatural water level fluctuation. Our results show that regulation of water level has a major impact on functionally significant lake littoral macroinvertebrates. 相似文献
3.
Peter J. Carrick 《植被学杂志》2003,14(5):761-772
Abstract. The nearest‐neighbour technique is used to infer competition and facilitation between the three most abundant species in a semi‐arid region of western South Africa. Relationships among the shrubs Leipoldtia schultzei and Ruschia robusta, which are leaf‐succulent members of the Mesembryanthemaceae (‘mesembs’) and Hirpicium alienatum a non‐succulent Asteraceae, were compared on two adjacent sites with different histories of browsing intensity. Competition was more prevalent and more important than facilitation. The only evidence for facilitation was found at the heavily‐browsed site where the palatable Hirpicium was larger under the unpalatable Leipoldtia. Generally the prevalence and importance of competition was reduced at the heavily‐browsed site. Strong evidence was obtained for intraspecific competition in each of the three species; also, competition was evident between the two mesembs, where Leipoldtia was competitively dominant over Ruschia, although neither species inhibited Hirpicium. Minimal competition between the mesembs and the asteraceous shrub was interpreted in terms of differentiation in rooting depth, and competition within the mesembs, in terms of overlap in rooting depth. The mesembs had the bulk of their roots in the top 5 cm of soil, while the asteraceous shrub had the bulk of its roots, and all its fine roots, at greater depths. The shallow‐rooted morphology of the mesembs is well adapted to utilize small rainfall events, which occur frequently in the Succulent Karoo, and do not penetrate the soil deeply. Modifications of existing methods are applied for analysing nearest‐neighbour interactions. 相似文献
4.
J.G. Roddick 《Phytochemistry》1974,13(1):9-25
The literature relating to chemical, biochemical and biological aspects of the steroidal glycoalkaloid, α-tomatine, is reviewed. The alkaloid, which can be used as a starting compound for the synthesis of steroidal hormones, is toxic to a wide range of living organisms. The significance of tomatine to plants which elaborate it is discussed and some possible uses of the compound are mentioned. 相似文献
5.
ANASS TERRAB JUAN L. GARCÍA-CASTAÑO JOSE M. ROMERO REGINA BERJANO CLARA DE VEGA SALVADOR TALAVERA 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,155(1):49-56
Nectar samples were collected from Silene colorata Poiret (Caryophyllaceae), in three different populations from south-western Spain: Zahara de la Sierra (Cádiz), Bornos (Cádiz) and Bormujos (Seville). Samples were analysed for amino acids by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn phenylisotiocyanate (PITC) derivatization. The method has the advantage of being highly sensitive, capable of detecting nanogram (ng) quantities of amino acids. Eighteen amino acids were identified and quantified. The mean number of amino acids in a nectar sample was 14 (SD = 2.8). Six amino acids (threonine, alanine, arginine, proline, tyrosine and methionine) were detected in all samples, accounting for 83% of the total amino acids content; proline and arginine were the most abundant amino acids, accounting for 40% and 20% of the total amino acids, respectively. The mean amounts of amino acids in nectar samples per population were 824, 782 and 356 µ m in Zahara de la Sierra, Bornos and Bormujos, respectively. Environmental variations such as temperature and sunlight are factors influencing the metabolic processes of nectar production. Our results may contradict the theory that the chemical constituents of floral nectar vary according to the kinds of pollinators. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 155 , 49–56. 相似文献
6.
P. Bauer 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》1987,29(8):895-906
Based on the concept of the multiple level of significance two criteria for assessing the performance of multiple tests are proposed: The simultaneous power is defined as the probability of rejecting all false null hypotheses. The probability of a correct decision is defined as the probability of correctly rejecting all false null hypotheses and accepting all true ones. Both criteria are discussed for nonstagewise and stagewise procedures in case of independent test statistics. For the example of 5 independently and normally distributed test statistics the values of the two criteria are calcutated under reasonably simple alternatives. 相似文献
7.
Description of a new anaerobic thermophilic bacterium,Thermoanaerobacterium butyriciformans sp. nov.
G. López S.J. Cañas-Duarte A.M. Pinzón-Velasco N.E. Vega-Vela M. Rodríguez S. Restrepo S. Baena 《Systematic and applied microbiology》2017,40(2):86-91
Strain USBA-019T, an anaerobic and thermophilic strain, was identified as a new member of the genus Thermoanaerobacterium. USBA-019T cells are gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, chemoorganotrophic, moderately acidophilic, non-motile, endospore-forming, slightly curved, and rod-shaped. Cells measure 0.4 × 3.0–7.0 μm. Optimal growth occurs at 50–55 °C (35–65 °C). Optimum pH is 5.0–5.5 (4.0–8.5). Thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and nitrate were utilized as electron acceptors. Fermentation of glucose, lactose, cellobiose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, starch and xylan primarily produced acetate and butyrate. Xylan, starch and cellobiose produced ethanol and starch, cellobiose, galactose, arabinose and mannose produced lactic acid. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison and genomic relatedness indices show the close relation of USBA-019T to Thermoanaerobacterium thermostercoris and Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense (similarity value: 99%). Hybridization of USBA-019T, Th. thermostercoris DSM22141T and Th. aotearoense DMS10170T found DNA–DNA relatedness of 33.2% and 18.2%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, along with low identity at whole genome level, USBA-019T is a novel species of the genus Thermoanaerobacterium which we propose to name Thermoanaerobacterium butyriciformans sp. nov. The type strain is USBA-019T (=CMPUJ U-019T = DSM 101588T). 相似文献
8.
目的:研究过敏性鼻炎患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平变化及其临床意义,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2015年6月到2016年6月我院收治的过敏性鼻炎患儿103例为研究组,另选取同期健康体检者103例为对照组,应用流式细胞技术检测CD3~+、CD4~+、CD19~+、CD8~+、CD4~+CD25~+水平,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-5(IL-5)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平,应用免疫比浊法检测IgE水平,对比两组淋巴细胞亚群水平、血清中IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ水平及IgE水平的变化,并分析其相关性。结果:研究组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+CD25~+显著低于对照组,CD19~+显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IL-4、IL-5水平显著高于对照组,IFN-γ水平显著低于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IgE水平显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);相关性分析显示:CD19~+与IgE水平呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:淋巴细胞亚群失衡、血清IgE均与过敏性鼻炎有关,在过敏性鼻炎发生和发展中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
9.
Intradiurnal variation of arboreal pollen (AP) in Mar del Plata city is compared during three non - consecutive years of survey and described in relation to the associated weather. The daily pattern of pollen abundance has a maximum between 10:00 and 12:00?h, while a minimum occurs at 18:00?h. The first two years of survey showed homogeneous daily trends, but in 1995 the maximum and minimum concentrations were delayed because of the change in position of the collecting station. Arboreal pollen spectrum presented qualitative and quantitative changes in the three years analysed. Results indicate optimal conditions for diurnal dispersion of arboreal pollen are high temperatures and low relative humidity. Also interaction between source position and wind direction has important effects on the timing of the peaks of some pollen types. 相似文献
10.
We conducted an experiment to assess the change in foraging efficiency resulting from diet-induced morphological and behavioural plasticity in a species of freshwater, threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus sp.). Different degrees of morphological and behavioural change were induced using two prey items commonly found in the diet of this species, allowing us to estimate the relative importance of each type of plasticity. The purpose of the experiment was twofold. First, earlier work had suggested that diet variability might be an important factor in the evolution of trophic morphological plasticity in sticklebacks. The present results extend this work by revealing the adaptive significance of morphological plasticity. The current experiment also qualitatively assessed the compatibility of the time scale of morphological change with that of the natural resource variability experienced by this species. The results indicate that diet-induced plasticity improves foraging efficiency continuously for up to 72 days of prey exposure. This is probably due in part to plasticity of the external trophic morphology but our results also suggest a complex interplay between morphology and behaviour. The time scale appears to be matched to that of natural diet variability although it is possible that some traits exhibit non-labile plasticity. Our discussion highlights the important distinction between conditions favouring the evolution of labile versus non-labile plasticity. The second objective of the experiment was to determine the relative importance of morphological and behavioural plasticity. Few studies have attempted to quantify the adaptive significance of morphological plasticity and no study to our knowledge has separated the effects of morphological and behavioural plasticity. Our experiment reveals that both behavioural and morphological plasticity are important and it also suggests a dichotomy between the two: behavioural plasticity predominately affects searching efficiency whereas morphological plasticity predominately affects handling efficiency. 相似文献