The Use of Hydrophobic Adhesive Tape to Produce Miniature Wells on Microscope Slides

Hydrophobic adhesive tape was used to produce miniature wells on microscope slides for staining several sections of tissue with minimal amounts of cytochemical reagents. The wells could be tailored to individual specifications and the method allowed coverslips to be mounted close to the sections using either aqueous or xylene based mounting media. This method was especially useful for multiple immunolabelling of serial semithin cryosections.     

Human vaginal epithelial multilayer tissue culture

Summary Fragments of normal human adult vagina, when explanted onto glass slides gave rise to outgrowing sheets of pure epithelium, which had microscopic morphological features in common with normal vaginal epithelium. Infrequent fibroblast contamination was observed. Proliferating epithelial cells formedmultilayers of stratified squamous epithelium and demonstrated a progressive decrease in proliferative activity after 14 days. Continuous lines of epithelial cells were not obtained. Even in the absence of estrogens, transmission electron microscopy revealed evidence of keratinization of the superficial cells of the multilayer. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of mature epithelial cells in culture revealed ultrastructural features that closely resembled those present on the surface of exfoliated cells obtained by scraping the vagina in vivo. This in vitro tissue culture model of human vaginal epithelium may provide a simple method of studying factors that influence vaginal epithelium growth, maturation and function.     

干扰素阴道胶囊联合微波治疗宫颈炎合并高危型HPV感染对外周血Th17和Treg细胞及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨干扰素阴道胶囊联合微波治疗宫颈炎合并高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染对外周血Th17和Treg细胞及炎症因子的影响。方法随机选择2015年1月-2018年1月在本院就诊的慢性宫颈炎合并高危型HPV感染患者90例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予重组人干扰素α2b栓,观察组给予重组人干扰素α2b栓联合微波治疗,治疗3个月后,观察两组患者的症状改善情况、HPV转阴率、血清炎性因子水平以及Th17和Treg细胞水平。结果观察组总有效为41例,占91.1%,对照组为73.3%,观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的白带量改善率、白带脓性改善率、高危型HPV转阴率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者的白介素17(IL17)、肿瘤坏死因子β(TNFβ)、白介素23(IL23)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者的IL17、TNFβ、IL23水平均显著下降,且观察组下降更加显著(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的Treg细胞、Th17细胞水平,Th17/Treg比值均较对照组低(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者的滴虫、真菌、细菌性阴道炎、衣原体、解脲支原体感染人数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组的细菌性阴道炎、衣原体、解脲支原体感染显著降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论干扰素阴道胶囊联合微波治疗宫颈炎患者的治疗效果好,可显著改善患者症状,减轻体内炎症反应,增加HPV转阴率,调节Th17和Treg细胞,对预防宫颈癌有重要作用。     

超声引导下QLB复合气管插管全麻对于老年患者TEP腹股沟疝无张力修补术影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)复合气管插管全麻对于老年患者腹腔镜下全腹膜外（totally extraperitoneal prosthetic,TEP）腹股沟疝无张力修补术的影响,以促进该方法的临床使用。方法：2014年9月到2020年6月选择在本院诊治的腹股沟疝老年患者180例,根据随机数字表法分为QLB组与对照组各90例。所有患者都给予腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝无张力修补术,对照组给予气管插管全麻,QLB组在对照组麻醉的基础上给予超声引导下QLB,记录两组镇痛与麻醉效果。结果：两组的术中出血量、手术时间等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),QLB组的术后住院时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。与术后12 h对比,两组术后24 h与36 h的疼痛VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),且QLB组术后12 h、24 h与36 h的疼痛VAS评分都显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。QLB组术后7 d的血肿、呼吸抑制、脏器损伤、腹股沟区包块等并发症发生率为8.9 %,显著低于对照组的21.1 %(P<0.05)。QLB组的瑞芬太尼用量、术后48 h内有效按压自控静脉镇痛泵次数、自控静脉镇痛泵累计用量都显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：超声引导下QLB复合气管插管全麻在老年患者腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝无张力修补术中的应用能提高镇痛与麻醉效果,减少术后并发症的发生,有利于促进患者康复。     

不孕症女性三维子宫输卵管造影联合阴道二维超声的诊断意义

摘要 目的：探讨不孕症女性三维子宫输卵管造影联合阴道二维超声的诊断意义。方法：2019年3月至2020年10月选择在西安医学院第二附属医院和陕西省人民医院诊治的不孕症女性患者90例,所有患者都给予三维子宫输卵管造影联合阴道二维超声检查,记录成像质量与疼痛情况。以X线子宫输卵管造影为金标准,判断诊断价值。结果：检查过程中三维超声造影患者的疼痛评分高于二维超声,对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三维超声造影的成像质量优良率为100.0 %（90/90）,高于二维超声的93.3 %（84/90）,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在90例患者中,三维超声造影判断为卵巢周围组织弥散1级59例,2级16例,3级10例,4级5例。三维子宫输卵管造影联合阴道二维超声判断为输卵管通畅55例,通而不畅25例,阻塞10例。X线子宫输卵管造影判断为输卵管通畅53例,通而不畅26例,阻塞11例,三维子宫输卵管造影联合阴道二维超声诊断的准确性为96.7 %(87/90)。结论：三维子宫输卵管造影联合阴道二维超声在不孕症女性的应用并不会增加患者疼痛,且能提高成像质量,也有利于合理评价与判断患者的输卵管通畅情况。     

Using vaginal discharge score (VDS) grading system to evaluate the effect of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance of dairy cows in China

Clinical endometritis (CE) is a major cause in affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of CE and to evaluate the effect of CE on reproductive performance in dairy cows using vaginal discharge score (VDS) grading system. 803 dairy cows were examined by vaginoscope with 4-point VDS at 26 ± 3 days in milk (DIM) and classified into six groups: non-endometritis with VDS 0 (control; CON), endometritis with VDS 1 (MEM), non-treated endometritis with VDS 2 (NTME), treated endometritis with VDS 2 (TME), non-treated endometritis with VDS 3 (NTPE), and treated endometritis with VDS 3 (TPE). Cows in TME and TPE groups were treated with 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution by intrauterine infusion. The prevalence of CE was 33% at 26 ± 3 DIM. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed cows in MEM, NTME and NTPE groups had a less likelihood of first artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy than those in CON group (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for days open were statistically different (P = 0.004). In Cox regression model, cows in NTME and NTPE groups had a reduced pregnancy rate than those in CON group (P < 0.05). The hazard of pregnancy in NTME group was lower than that in TME group (P = 0.044). Similarly, it was lower for the hazard of pregnancy in NTPE group than in TPE group (P = 0.048). Cows in MEM, NTME, and NTPE groups required more services per pregnancy than those in CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CE examined by the VDS grading system impaired reproductive performance, and mild endometritis with VDS 1 should be treated in the early postpartum period to ameliorate fertility in dairy herds.     

Changes of nitric oxide,carbon monoxide and oxidative stress in term infants at birth

The higher risk of respiratory problem in infants delivered by elective caesarean section in comparison with vaginally born infants may be favoured by lower level of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) and higher oxidative stress in infants born by caesarean section. We studied healthy term infants born by vaginal delivery or by elective caesarean section. Nitric oxide, CO, guanosine 3–5 cyclic monophosphate, total hydroperoxide and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured at birth and 48–72 h of life. Nitric oxide, CO and cGMP were lower at birth and at 48–72 h of life in infants born by elective caesarean delivery. Total hydroperoxide and AOPP levels were similar in the two groups and increased from birth to 48–72 h of life. In conclusion, nitric oxide and CO concentrations were higher in term infants vaginally born than in infants born by elective caesarean section and decreased from birth to 48–72 h of life. The mode of delivery did not affect the oxidative stress which increases from birth to 48–72 h of life.     

Feasibility of Histological Scoring and Colony Count for Evaluating Infective Severity in Mouse Vaginal Candidiasis

Qualitative measurement of the infective level is relatively difficult in experimental vaginal candidiasis. Female BALB/c mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were randomly divided into E1, E2 and E0 groups, which received subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mg, 0.1 mg of estradiol benzoate or 0.1 ml soybean oil 3 days before vaginal inoculation, respectively, and hormone treatment continued every other day thereafter. Each group was further divided into infected and noninfected subgroups. The infected mice were inoculated intravaginally with 10 µl (5 × 10⁴ conidia) of Candida albicans suspension, while the noninfected mice were inoculated with 10 µl phosphate-buffered saline. Direct microscopic examination, colony count and vaginal histopathology including infection degree and inflammation extent were performed at 3, 7 and 14 days post inoculation. Estrogen treatment increased the vaginal fungal burden and extent of infection and inflammation compared with the control group, and 0.3 mg/week estrogen generally induced more severe infection and inflammation than 0.15 mg/week estrogen did. Colony count peaked on day 3 and decreased remarkably after 7 days. Infection score increased gradually during the first 7 days and decreased on day 14, while inflammation extent exacerbated progressively over the course of 14 days. This study demonstrates that the modified histological scoring system might be more feasible than colony count for evaluation of infectivity and dynamic change in experimental vaginal candidiasis.     

三种药物联合治疗假丝酵母菌性阴道炎的临床疗效评价

目的:研究克霉唑阴道片、硝夫太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合定君生栓治疗复发性假丝酵母菌性阴道炎的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取2014年9月到2015年6月我院就诊的复发性假丝酵母菌性阴道炎患者60例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为实验组和对照组,每组30例,实验组给予克霉唑阴道片、硝夫太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合定君生栓治疗,对照组给予克霉唑阴道片和定君生栓治疗,治疗前检测所有患者病原菌分布情况,治疗后随访3个月,分析两组临床疗效和不良反应。结果:细菌培养结果共分离出158株假丝酵母菌,其中白色假丝酵母菌最多,占66.46%;实验组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组的76.67%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:克霉唑阴道片、硝夫太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合定君生栓治疗复发性假丝酵母菌性阴道炎具有较好的临床疗效,且无明显不良反应。     

加味二妙颗粒联合重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨加味二妙颗粒联合重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:将西北妇女儿童医院妇科门诊自2018年1月至2019年1月收治的确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤变患者300例作为研究对象,将其随机的分为研究组和对照组,每组各150例。研究组患者给予加味二妙颗粒联合重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊进行治疗,对照组患者给予重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊进行治疗,比较两组患者治疗后的临床总有效率,治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞水平和中医证候评分的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组临床总有效率为91.33%,明显高于对照组(74.67%,P0.05)。两组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞水平均较治疗前明显升高,且研究组以上指标显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗后中医证候评分降低程度明显优于对照组,其不良反应发生率为10.00%,明显低于对照组(28.67%,P0.05)。结论:与单用重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗相比,加味二妙颗粒联合使用重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变患者可显著提高患者的免疫功能,缓解症状,提高治疗效果,且安全性更高。