红花注射液对气虚血瘀证模型大鼠基因调控作用的研究

目的:采用基因芯片技术,分别构建气虚血瘀证大鼠和红花注射液给药处理后气虚血瘀证大鼠的差异基因表达谱,比较并分析,筛选出红花能够治疗气虚血瘀证的关键基因群,并推测其起治疗作用的基因组调控机制。方法:15只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、给药组、空白对照组。模型组和给药组采用疲劳游泳和饥饿饲养处理。造模一周后,给药组尾静脉注射红花注射液(100mg/kg/d),模型组给予相同体积生理盐水;对照组不做任何处理。造模进行两周后处死大鼠,取血检验血流变指标并评价造模情况;另抽取足够的血分离mRNA并逆转录杂交基因芯片;扫描信号分析确定受红花注射液调控的基因;并通过基因数据库查询相关基因功能,结合相关文献分析初步探讨红花作用的机制。结果:两周后经过检验和观察发现模型组大鼠在不同切率下的全血粘度增加,并且其体征表现出虚弱和瘀血的状态、体重下降,确定造模成功;给药组大鼠则相对于模型组的各项检测指标和状态有所改善,确认药物有疗效。在差异基因的比较中,空白组相对于给药组上调基因252条,下调基因54条;给药组相对于模型组上调基因196条,下调基因32条;两次差异表达基因中有16条相同基因,这些差异基因涉及到炎症损伤、免疫调节反应等方面。结论:红花注射液对于气虚血瘀证有治疗作用,在基因层次上是通过抗炎症损伤机制实现的。     

Nesfatin-1 对营养性肥胖大鼠摄食量体重和胃排空率的影响

目的：通过颈静脉注射外源性nesfatin-1，观察营养性肥胖大鼠摄食、体重、胃排空率的变化情况。方法：营养性肥胖大鼠造模 成功后，各组大鼠行颈静脉插管手术，术后所有大鼠分为四组，正常对照组及肥胖对照组大鼠注射0.9%生理盐水，正常给药及肥 胖给药组大鼠注射外源性nesfatin-1（100 滋g·kg-1），连续颈静脉给药7 d，期间记录各组大鼠摄食量以及体重，给药结束后采用灌 胃酚红法测定大鼠胃排空率。结果：用高脂饲料连续饲养大鼠7天，正常对照组和正常nesfatin-1组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别为314.22 和314.44，肥胖对照组和肥胖nesfatin-1 组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别为318.22 和319.03，肥胖差异显著(T-test, P<0.01)，造模成功。连 续给药7 d 后，给药组摄食量和体重与对照组相比明显降低，但肥胖给药组摄食量及体重下降较正常给药组更加明显。胃排空率 与胃排出酚红量是成负相关的，实验中正常对照组和正常给药组的胃排空率分别是64.71± 4.51 和46.47± 3.20，而肥胖对照组和 肥胖给药组大鼠的胃排空率分别是75.67± 2.47 和50.88± 3.07，因此高剂量给予nesfatin-1 能显著降低大鼠的胃排空率。结论：综 上所述，长期持续外周静脉给予外源性的nesfatin-1 可以明显抑制正常及肥胖大鼠的摄食，动物体重减轻。     

Minimally-invasive Technique for Injection into Rat Optic Nerve

The rat optic nerve is a useful model for stem cell regeneration research. Direct injection into the rat optic nerve allows delivery into the central nervous system in a minimally-invasive surgery without bone removal. This technique describes an approach to visualization and direct injection of the optic nerve following minor fascial dissection from the orbital ridge, using a conjunctival traction suture to gently pull the eye down and out. Representative examples of an injected optic nerve show successful injection of dyed beads.     

喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法对肺炎支气管肺炎患者血清IL-33、IL-6及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法对肺炎支气管肺炎患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:收集我院就诊或住院治疗的840例支气管肺炎患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组420例。对照组患者给予阿奇霉素治疗。实验组在对照组基础上给予喜炎平静脉滴注治疗。观察并比较两组患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清IL-6、IL-33、TNF-α水平均显著下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清IL-6、IL-33、TNF-α水平较低(P0.05),临床治疗有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法能够提高肺炎支气管肺炎患者的临床疗效,可能与其降低患者血清IL-33、IL-6及TNF-α水平有关。     

Rearing and Injection of Manduca sexta Larvae to Assess Bacterial Virulence

Manduca sexta, commonly known as the tobacco hornworm, is considered a significant agricultural pest, feeding on solanaceous plants including tobacco and tomato. The susceptibility of M. sexta larvae to a variety of entomopathogenic bacterial species^1-5, as well as the wealth of information available regarding the insect''s immune system^6-8, and the pending genome sequence⁹ make it a good model organism for use in studying host-microbe interactions during pathogenesis. In addition, M. sexta larvae are relatively large and easy to manipulate and maintain in the laboratory relative to other susceptible insect species. Their large size also facilitates efficient tissue/hemolymph extraction for analysis of the host response to infection.The method presented here describes the direct injection of bacteria into the hemocoel (blood cavity) of M. sexta larvae. This approach can be used to analyze and compare the virulence characteristics of various bacterial species, strains, or mutants by simply monitoring the time to insect death after injection. This method was developed to study the pathogenicity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species, which typically associate with nematode vectors as a means to gain entry into the insect. Entomopathogenic nematodes typically infect larvae via natural digestive or respiratory openings, and release their symbiotic bacterial contents into the insect hemolymph (blood) shortly thereafter¹⁰. The injection method described here bypasses the need for a nematode vector, thus uncoupling the effects of bacteria and nematode on the insect. This method allows for accurate enumeration of infectious material (cells or protein) within the inoculum, which is not possible using other existing methods for analyzing entomopathogenesis, including nicking¹¹ and oral toxicity assays¹². Also, oral toxicity assays address the virulence of secreted toxins introduced into the digestive system of larvae, whereas the direct injection method addresses the virulence of whole-cell inocula.The utility of the direct injection method as described here is to analyze bacterial pathogenesis by monitoring insect mortality. However, this method can easily be expanded for use in studying the effects of infection on the M. sexta immune system. The insect responds to infection via both humoral and cellular responses. The humoral response includes recognition of bacterial-associated patterns and subsequent production of various antimicrobial peptides⁷; the expression of genes encoding these peptides can be monitored subsequent to direct infection via RNA extraction and quantitative PCR¹³. The cellular response to infection involves nodulation, encapsulation, and phagocytosis of infectious agents by hemocytes⁶. To analyze these responses, injected insects can be dissected and visualized by microscopy^{13, 14}.     

大鼠脊髓中的α受体在减压反射和失血性休克中的作用

大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射α激动剂可乐宁1μg,引起血压降低、心率减慢及腹腔神经节后交感神经干放电抑制。应用α阻断剂酚妥拉明阻断脊髓内源性 NE的作用,可部分抑制血压升高时反射性的心率减慢和交感神经放电抑制反应,使压力感受器反射的敏感性降低。在颈动脉放血造成不可逆性失血性休克的动物,脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射酚妥拉明可使动脉血压有一定程度的回升。以上结果表明,由脊髓α受体调制的心血管抑制效应参与减压反射以及失血性休克的发病机制。     

Highly luminescent S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots‐sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol–H2O2 system for the determination of ranitidine

S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots (N,S‐CQDs) with super high quantum yield (79%) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. N,S‐CQDs can enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H₂O₂ system. The possible mechanism of the luminol–H₂O₂–(N,S‐CQDs) was illustrated by using chemiluminescence, photoluminescence and ultraviolet analysis. Ranitidine can quench the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H₂O₂–N,S‐CQDs system. So, a novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence method was designed to determine ranitidine within a linear range of 0.5–50 μg ml^?1 and a detection limit of 0.12 μg ml^?1. The method shows promising application prospects.     

体外受精-胚胎移植中完全受精失败的原因分析

受精是生命起源至关重要的一个步骤。在辅助生殖的过程中,完全受精失败发生具有其复杂性和不可预见性。受精失败常伴随着一些胞间调控机制异常,其中,可能阻滞在与精子穿越卵冠丘复合体、精子-透明带结合/穿透、精子-卵膜结合、卵子激活、精子去浓缩或原核形成等任一阶段。通过卵胞浆内单精子注射可以避免大部分受精失败现象,但某些患者仍无法成功受精,即使采用辅助人工激活也无法完全避免其发生。对于在辅助生殖过程中完全受精失败患者,结合其卵子成熟情况、精子质量及相关检测结果,在后续周期调整临床方案可有效避免受精失败的再次发生。     

参麦注射液联合不同类型他汀类药物治疗不稳定型心绞痛的近期疗效比较

目的:探究参麦注射液联合不同类型他汀类药物治疗不稳定型心绞痛的近期疗效。方法:收集本院收治的不稳定型心绞痛患者37例,随机分成实验组与对照组。对照组18例予参麦注射液联合普伐他汀治疗;实验组19例予参麦注射液联合阿托伐他汀治疗。比较两组治疗前后血脂水平的变化及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05),心绞痛发作次数及时间均明显减少或缩短(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组治疗后的TC、LDL-C水平均较低(P0.05);不良反应发生率(15.8%)低于对照组(27.8%)(P0.05)。结论:参麦注射液联合不同类型他汀类药物治疗不稳定型心绞痛的近期疗效相当,但阿托伐他汀治疗可更有效降低患者的血脂水平,安全性更高。     

Acute effect of substance P in immunologic vasculitis in the rat colon

Substance P has been implicated as a neuronal mediator of inflammation in various inflammatory conditions. However, the exact role played by substance P in inflammatory bowel diseases or in experimental colonic vasculitis has not been clearly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of close superior mesenteric artery injection of substance P under prevailing inflammatory conditions induced by intravenous human albumin antialbumin immune complex followed by intracolonic perfusion of 2.5% formaldehyde in rats or intracolonic perfusion of 5% alcohol alone. The immune complex- and formaldehyde-treated rats showed severe microvascular changes such as microvascular plugging by red blood cells, endothelial breakage and extravasation of plasma proteins and red blood cells. The bolus injection of 10⁻⁸ M substance P reduced extravasation of Evans blue dye by 50% and the tissue wet to dry ratio by 20% in immune complex- and formaldehyde-perfused rats. Myeloperoxidase activity was not changed. Substance P also significantly inhibited (44%) the extravasation in alcohol-perfused rats. Pretreatment of immune complex- and formaldehyde-treated rats with substance P antagonist reversed the effect of substance P. These findings suggest that the most immediate effect of substance P may be vasodilation and clearing of vascular plugs induced by immune complex and formaldehyde. This effect of substance P differs from its chronic effect, which causes vasodilation and extravasation.