Home range and habitat use of male Reeves's Pheasant(Symaticus reevesii)during winter in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province,China

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves's Pheasant(syrmaticus reevesii)were studied during winter of 2001～2002 and 2002～2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Results from five individuals of Reeves's Pheasant with over 30 relocations,indicated that the average size of home range was 10.03±1.17 hm2 by Minimum Convex Polygon method.8.60±0.35 hm2 by 90% Harmonic Mean Transformation method,and 9.50±1.90 hm2 by 95% Fixed Kernel method.It was observed that the winter range is smaller than that in the breeding season.The mean core area of the home range was found to be 1.88±0.37 hm2.Although the habitat composition of the core area varied greatly for individuals,a large part of the habitats used were composed of conifer and broadleaf mixed forests,masson pine forests,fir forests,and shrubs.Habitat use within the study area was non-random,while habitats within home ranges were randomly used.Habitat use was dictated by tree diameter at breast height,shrub height and coverage at 2.0 m.The proximity between forests and shrubs were also found to be important in providing refuge for the birds during winter.Recommendations for conservation management include protecting the existing habitats in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,increasing suitable habitat for Reeves's Pheasant through artificial plantations(e.g.firs),and restoring some parts of the large shrub area into forests.     

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) during winter in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) were studied during winter of 2001∼2002 and 2002∼2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province. Results from five individuals of Reeves’s pheasant with over 30 relocations, indicated that the average size of home range was 10.03 ± 1.17 hm² by Minimum Convex Polygon method, 8.60 ± 0.35 hm² by 90% Harmonic Mean Transformation method, and 9.50 ± 1.90 hm² by 95% Fixed Kernel method. It was observed that the winter range is smaller than that in the breeding season. The mean core area of the home range was found to be 1.88 ± 0.37 hm². Although the habitat composition of the core area varied greatly for individuals, a large part of the habitats used were composed of confier and broadleaf mixed forests, masson pine forests, fir forests, and shrubs. Habitat use within the study area was non-random, while habitats within home ranges were randomly used. Habitat use was dictated by tree diameter at breast height, shrub height and coverage at 2.0 m. The proximity between forests and shrubs were also found to be important in providing refuge for the birds during winter. Recommendations for conservation management include protecting the existing habitats in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, increasing suitable habitat for Reeves’s Pheasant through artificial plantations (e.g. firs), and restoring some parts of the large shrub area into forests. __________ Translated from Biodiversity Science, 2005, 13 (5) [译自: 生物多样性, 2005,13(5)]     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Elliot's pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti)

We isolated eight microsatellite loci from genomic DNA in Elliot's pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti using streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads. In the analyses of 53 individuals sampled, these loci displayed polymorphism varying from six to nine alleles per locus and observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.174 to 0.430. The results suggested that these novel microsatellite markers could become useful molecular tools for genetic studies of S. ellioti.     

哀牢山国家级自然保护区南华片三种雉类春季取食地利用比较

探讨亲缘关系密切、营养关系相似的物种间的共存机制,是群落生态学的研究热点之一。研究结果有助于了解同域物种的资源利用特点和分化方式,对于地区生物多样性的保育工作亦具有指导意义。黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticushumiae)、白鹇(Lophuranycthemera)和红喉山鹧鸪(Arborophilarufogularis)为哀牢山国家自然保护区南华片区同域分布的3种雉类,它们亲缘关系较近,食性相似。比较三者春季取食地18个生态因子生态位宽度和重叠指数,结果显示,黑颈长尾雉广适性(生态位宽度值>0·8)的取食地因子最少(1个),专一性(生态位宽度<0·8)因子最多(4个);白鹇居中(3个和2个);红喉山鹧鸪与黑颈长尾雉恰好相反(6个和0个)。黑颈长尾雉与白鹇生态位重叠指数≥0·5的因子数(5个)多于黑颈长尾雉与红喉山鹧鸪的(2个)和白鹇与红喉山鹧鸪的(4个);灌木层盖度、草本层盖度和种子密度的生态位重叠指数在3种雉类间均较大。单因素方差分析结果表明,3种雉类在坡向、乔木密度、草本层盖度、种子密度和土壤动物等5个因子均无差异;在距空旷地距离、距道路距离和灌木层盖度等3个因子均有差异;而其余因子则是在不同的两个物种之间有差异。主成分分析结果显示,黑颈长尾雉取食地前7个主成分的累计信息量达85·6%,白鹇的前6个达86·0%,红喉山鹧鸪的前5个达79·0%。影响这三种雉类取食地选择的因子主要集中于前3个主成分。3种雉类间取食地因子差异状态呈镶嵌分布,意味着种间生态位呈分化状态。各物种优先选择的因子组合不同,各因子的重要程度亦不一。     

白冠长尾雉越冬期栖息地选择的多尺度分析

2000年至2002年冬季,在河南董寨国家级自然保护区对我国特有珍稀雉类白冠长尾雉（Syrmaticus reevesii）越冬期栖息地进行了调查,并结合RS和GIS在多个尺度上对其栖息地选择进行了分析.结果表明,不同尺度上影响白冠长尾雉越冬期栖息地选择的因素存在差异,影响因子之间还存在相互作用.在微生境上,影响因子主要是坡度、乔木盖度以及坡向余弦值与灌木高度的相互作用;在115 m尺度上,关键因子是灌木林、阔叶林和针叶林的面积;250m尺度上,主要因子是针叶林和阔叶林的面积及针叶林与阔叶林面积的相互作用;对于距离因素,到河漫滩和到农田的距离是影响白冠长尾雉越冬期栖息地选择的关键因子.根据回归分析和AIC及AICc值,115 m尺度上栖息地变量对白冠长尾雉越冬期的栖息地选择影响最大.综合分析发现,在较大的尺度上,影响白冠长尾雉越冬期栖息地选择的关键因子有针叶林面积、阔叶林面积、针叶林和灌丛面积的相互作用、到河漫滩的距离以及到农田的距离.     

官山白颈长尾雉活动区域海拔高度的季节变化及其影响因素

2005年7月至2006年12月,采用无线电遥测的方法在江西官山国家级自然保护区内对5只白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）的活动区域进行了跟踪监测,结合GIS技术和样方法分析其活动区域的海拔高度随季节变化的影响因素。结果表明：海拔400-600m为白颈长尾雉全年最适活动带,其主要活动区域的海拔高度呈现明显的季节变化：夏秋季最高,春季次之,冬季最低。水源是其冬季喜欢在低海拔区域活动的最主要原因;而距林缘距离、灌木数量、灌木种数、灌木盖度等与增加食物丰富度和隐蔽度相关的因子是促使它们在春季和夏秋季倾向于在高海拔区域活动的主要因素。     

白颈长尾雉栖息地的季节变化

１９９２年１０月至１９９３年５月,在浙江省乌岩岭自然保护区,利用无线电追踪技术和野外直接观察等采样方法对白颈长尾雉各季节栖息地及其食性进行了研究。     

再引入黑颈长尾雉夏季栖息地选择

2008年6～7月,在广西岑王老山国家级自然保护区采用样带法对再引入黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae)的栖息地选择进行了研究。共测定了7条样带上的22个栖息地样方和17个对照样方的24个生态因子。结果表明,再引入黑颈长尾雉的夏季栖息地偏向于选择海拔低、坡位低、乔木较低和灌木较高、落叶盖度较大、灌木层盖度大、草本高且盖度大的阔叶林、针阔混交林或者针叶林;逐步判别分析的结果显示坡位、草本层盖度是重要的生态因子,由这两个变量构成的方程在对栖息地和对照区进行区分时,正判率可以达到77.3%,这种选择与黑颈长尾雉的隐蔽条件和食物密切相关。     

白冠长尾雉育雏期的栖息地选择

20 0 1年 4～ 8月 ,在河南省董寨国家级自然保护区对白冠长尾雉 (Syrmaticusreevesii)育雏期的栖息地进行了调查。野外共遇见 2 4个不同的家族群 ,平均大小为 (2 96± 0 35 )只。白冠长尾雉的家族群主要在针阔混交林中活动 ,这些地方的坡向以东南方向居多、坡度较缓而坡位靠下 ,与林缘的距离大于 6 0m而与水源的距离通常小于 30m。逐步判别分析的结果表明 ,与林缘的距离、乔木胸径、灌木盖度、草本植物的种类和高度等是影响白冠长尾雉家族群栖息地选择的关键因子 ;植被结构 ,尤其是草本植物的特征 ,是影响家族群栖息地选择的主要方面。建议在对白冠长尾雉采取保护措施时 ,从提供丰富的食物资源和良好的隐蔽条件入手。注意保护现存栖息地 ,在育雏期保护好草本植物。