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1.
Although numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between livelihood assets and strategies, only a few quantitative studies exist on the topic for anti-poverty policies with regard to the Tibetan Plateau. This study investigated 357 households in the upper reaches of the Dadu River watershed in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China, using the participatory rural appraisal method. Then, applying a multinomial logistic regression model, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between livelihood assets and livelihood strategies, the findings of which have implications for local agricultural policy interventions. The preliminary results indicate that of the four classifications of livelihood strategies used in this study, the main livelihood strategy is that of the non-farming-dependent household type (i.e., Type III in our study) that combines agricultural and non-farm activities or practices self-employment for wages. There are significant differences in the livelihood assets owned by households with different livelihood strategies. Human, natural, and financial assets have significant influences on livelihood strategies, and the choice of livelihood strategy varies by livelihood assets. Further, with improvements in household labor capacity and cash income per capita, the livelihood strategies of non-agricultural and non-farming households may shift away from agriculture, while an increase in farmland cultivated per capita, cash income per capita, and household labor capacity may encourage households to adopt agriculture-dependent livelihood strategies. These findings contribute to research on livelihood and related development strategies and anti-poverty policies in not only the Eastern Tibetan Plateau but also other regions with similar livelihood strategies.  相似文献   
2.
Jie Liu  Guoxian Yu  Yazhou Ren  Maozu Guo  Jun Wang 《Genomics》2019,111(5):1176-1182
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interactions can explain the missing heritability of common complex diseases. Many interaction detection methods have been proposed in genome-wide association studies, and they can be divided into two types: population-based and family-based. Compared with population-based methods, family-based methods are robust vs. population stratification. Several family-based methods have been proposed, among which Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR)-based methods are popular and powerful. However, current MDR-based methods suffer from heavy computational burden. Furthermore, they do not allow for main effect adjustment. In this work we develop a two-stage model-based MDR approach (TrioMDR) to detect multi-locus interaction in trio families (i.e., two parents and one affected child). TrioMDR combines the MDR framework with logistic regression models to check interactions, so TrioMDR can adjust main effects. In addition, unlike consuming permutation procedures used in traditional MDR-based methods, TrioMDR utilizes a simple semi-parameter P-values correction procedure to control type I error rate, this procedure only uses a few permutations to achieve the significance of a multi-locus model and significantly speeds up TrioMDR. We performed extensive experiments on simulated data to compare the type I error and power of TrioMDR under different scenarios. The results demonstrate that TrioMDR is fast and more powerful in general than some recently proposed methods for interaction detection in trios. The R codes of TrioMDR are available at: https://github.com/TrioMDR/TrioMDR.  相似文献   
3.
气候变暖对东北三省春玉米严重低温冷害及种植布局的影响   总被引:31,自引:1,他引:30  
赵俊芳  杨晓光  刘志娟 《生态学报》2009,29(12):6544-6551
以我国对气候变化较为敏感的东北三省为例,利用1961~2007年78个气象站的资料,结合玉米生长季温度距平冷害指标,分析了气候变暖对东北三省春玉米严重低温冷害及种植布局的影响.结果表明:(1)气候变暖背景下,从20世纪60年代到21世纪初,东北三省各地区春玉米严重冷害受害程度总体表现为减少趋势,但由于不同地方温度波动幅度较大,区域性的严重冷害发生频率也随之加大;就平均发生频率空间分布而言,1961~2007年严重冷害的平均发生频率表现为东北部高于西南部,最大值出现在黑龙江北部(38%),最低值在辽宁南部(4%).(2)气候变暖背景下,不同熟性玉米品种可种植界线明显北移东延,早熟品种逐渐被中、晚熟品种取代,中、晚熟品种可种植面积不断扩大.(3)随着不同熟性玉米品种种植区域北移东延,严重低温冷害出现频率明显增加,种植风险也在增大.  相似文献   
4.
5.
A dinosaur tracksite in the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Sichuan Province, China consists of a spectacular sub-vertical exposure, with multiple track-bearing levels and trackways showing parallel and bimodal orientations. Based on well-preserved material, the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, Liujianpus shunan ichnogen. nov. ichnosp. nov. is erected to accommodate distinctive sauropodomorph trackways occurring in this assemblage. Liujianpus has a unique combination of features, some relating to the early Jurassic basal sauropodomorph (prosauropod in traditional usage) ichnogenus Otozoum, others to the sauropod ichnogenus Brontopodus. Despite such a mix of basal sauropodomorph- and sauropod-like features, the trackmaker of Liujianpus is likely a basal sauropodomorph. This identification is consistent with the occurrence of basal sauropodomorph skeletons from geographically and chronologically close localities. The other distinct morphotype from the tracksite is linked to a sauropod trackmaker. As such, the ichnofauna consisting of two distinct foot morphotypes reflects the diversity of sauropodomorph dinosaurs in the Early Jurassic of Asia.  相似文献   
6.
7.
The novel marine pyrrole alkaloid neolamellarin A derived from sponge has been shown to inhibit hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activity. In this work, we designed and synthesized neolamellarin A and its series of derivatives by a convergent synthetic strategy. The HIF-1 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds were evaluated in Hela cells by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and MTT assay, respectively. The results showed that neolamellarin A 1 (IC50 = 10.8 ± 1.0 μM) and derivative 2b (IC50 = 11.9 ± 3.6 μM) had the best HIF-1 inhibitory activity and low cytotoxicity. Our SAR research focused on the effects of key regions aliphatic carbon chain length, aromatic ring substituents and C-7 substituent on biological activity, providing a basis for the subsequent research on the development of novel pyrrole alkaloids as HIF-1 inhibitors and design of small molecule probes for target protein identification.  相似文献   
8.
《Ethnic and racial studies》2012,35(8):1447-1465
Abstract

Data on race have been collected in South African censuses for a century. We examine the role played by the census in solidifying race as a social statistic and show that, in contrast to the majority of situations, operational and legislative factors rendered the census largely unimportant as a vehicle for doing this. Since 1994, race has been entirely self-reported and not subject to state reinterpretation. We examine the implications of this for future data collection exercises and caution against reifying race as a predictor of social outcomes in post-apartheid South Africa, and argue for its gradual phasing out.  相似文献   
9.
《Ethnic and racial studies》2012,35(6):988-1006
Abstract

This article examines how South Asian American communities ascribe meaning to the category of ‘race’ while adding their own sensibilities to racial categories of ‘black’ and ‘white’. Drawing upon ethnographic methods, I analyse leisure spaces of basketball to demonstrate how racial formation in the US for non-white ethnic American subjects engages the black–white racial binary while simultaneously critiquing this racial logic. Racial categories provide a lexicon for comprehending South Asian American difference, while South Asian idioms perpetuate racializing discourses.  相似文献   
10.
A new genus, Meishanorhynchia , is proposed based on new material from the Lower Triassic of the Meishan section, South China. It is of a late Griesbachian age based on both associated biozones (ammonoids and bivalves) and radiometric dates of the intercalated volcanic ash beds. Comparison with both Palaeozoic and Mesozoic–Cenozoic-related genera suggests that it may represent the first radiation of progenitor brachiopods in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction. The lowest brachiopod horizon that contains the genus is estimated to be about 250.1 ± 0.3 Ma. This implies that the initial stage of recovery of Brachiopoda in the Early Triassic was probably about 1.3 ± 0.3 myr after the major pulse of the end-Permian mass extinction (dated as 251.4 ± 0.3 Ma). This is in agreement with Hallam's expectancy that biotic recovery typically begins within one million years or so of major mass extinctions, in contrast to current views on the end-Permian extinction event which propose that the recovery of most if not all biotic groups in the Early Triassic was severely delayed and only began about five million years after the end-Permian extinction.  相似文献   
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