华鲮泌尿系统组织学的初步观察

2004年3月至9月采用常规组织学方法对华鲮泌尿系统作了研究,结果表明：华鲮泌尿系统包括中肾、输尿管、膀胱。中肾由肾小体和肾小管组成,无皮质、髓质之分,有肾小体聚集现象;肾小管可分为颈段、第一近曲小管、第二近曲小管、远曲小管、集合管。肾中散布有大量淋巴髓样组织,还有甲状腺滤泡和斯坦尼氏小体,显然华鲮的肾脏是一个具有多种生理功能的复合器官。输尿管位于两肾叶腹侧,其上皮为似复层,缺黏膜下层,无纵肌,外膜甚薄。左右输尿管在后端合并,稍微扩大,形成膀胱,膀胱内壁具有发达的绒毛,绒毛表面为变移上皮。     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Two Oedipodinae grasshopper species Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris baraben-sis Pall. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important pests on the natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia and often require insecticide treatment during outbreaks[1]. They both prefer overgrazed steppes and xerophytous habi-tats, and have thus been suggested as indicator species for steppe deterioration in typical steppe zones of In-ner Mongolia[2]. The two species have a sympatric distribution and sync…     

华鲮受精早期的电镜观察

采用扫描和透射电镜观察了华鲮(Sinilabeo rendahli)成熟卵子、精子的形态特征和精子入卵的过程。结果显示:华鲮成熟卵子直径1.2 mm左右,仅有一个受精孔,卵膜表面有大量的不规则褶皱,精孔器表面平整;成熟精子全长约30μm,头部圆形无顶体;授精1 s精子大量附着于精孔器周围,仅有一个精子进入卵中,授精30~60 s受精孔内形成“受精栓”,精子开始溶解,卵膜逐渐隆起,褶皱消失。     

湘华鲮外周血细胞形态特征及嗜中性粒细胞 吞噬与杀菌能力

采用血涂片、显微测量、血细胞计数及嗜中性粒细胞吞噬功能和氯化硝基四氮唑蓝还原试验方法,于光学显微镜下观察分析三种水体湘华鲮（Sinilabeo decorus tungting）外周血细胞形态结构、大小、种类及数量。结果表明,湘华鲮外周血细胞中有红细胞、血栓细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞,红细胞比例最高,达80%以上,白细胞中血栓细胞最多,占70% ~ 74%。大水面网箱养殖的湘华鲮外周血红细胞数量显著低于水泥池和土池养殖个体（0.01 < P < 0.05）,而白细胞的数量、种类及各类白细胞所占比例较为稳定,不随养殖方式的变化而发生显著变化（P > 0.05）,但水泥池湘华鲮嗜中性粒细胞的吞噬与杀菌能力较其他两种养殖方式显著下降（0.01 < P < 0.05）。因此,建议湘华鲮宜在水质良好的流水环境中养殖。     

Olfactory responses of two species of grasshoppers to plant odours

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses were recorded from two species of oedipodine grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus L. (graminivorous) and Angaracris barabensis Pall. (forbivorous), to volatiles emitted by chopped leaves of ten plant species. Male O. d. asiaticus showed much stronger EAG responses than conspecific females and both sexes of A. barabensis. Sexual differences in EAG responses correspond to different numbers of antennal sensilla of both sexes and to certain behavioural and morphological factors as well. The overall EAG response profiles of the two grasshopper species to the ten plant odours were similar. However, adaptation to host odour might have occurred because of differences in their feeding habits. Females of the graminivorous O. d. asiaticus possess a significantly higher olfactory sensitivity for poaceous plant species than A. barabensis, while the forbivorous A. barabensis showed significantly higher EAG responses to Allium senescens (Liliaceae), and a tendency of high responses to composite plant species in comparison with O. d. asiaticus.     

基于Cytb和ITS1基因的两种不同体型湘华鲮遗传差异研究

研究采用Cytb和ITS1基因序列作为分子标记对平背型和高背型湘华鲮的遗传差异进行分析。研究结果表明,基于Cytb与ITS1基因序列,高背型和平背型湘华鲮在碱基组成上均表现出偏向性,且呈现出高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性的特征。遗传距离分析和NJ系统树构建的结果表明,两种不同体型湘华鲮遗传分化程度低,未达到种群分化的水平。综上所述,高背型和平背型属于同一个种群。研究结果丰富了湘华鲮分子生物学数据,为湘华鲮种质资源保护及产业发展提供了理论依据。     

Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers for Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera, Acrididae), an endangered grasshopper in Central Europe

We isolated and characterized 11 microsatellite loci in the grasshopper Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae), an endangered species in Central Europe. Polymorphism was studied from two populations, one out of two populations known from Switzerland (n = 20 individuals) and one site from south of France (n = 20). The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from five to 12 and from 0.559 to 0.898, respectively, in the Swiss population, and from 14 to 23 and from 0.895 to 0.974, respectively, in the French population. These microsatellite markers are suitable for further conservation genetic studies of O. decorus.     

美丽箬竹对模拟大气O3浓度倍增胁迫的生理响应

运用开顶式气室(OTCs)模拟当前环境大气O3浓度(对照,40～45 nL·L-1)、O3浓度倍增4倍(TR-1,92～106 nL·L-1)和O3浓度倍增2倍(TR-2,142～160 nL·L-1)胁迫,以叶片光合色素、MDA、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量及SOD和POD活性和相对电导率为指标,分析了美丽箬竹(Indocalamus decorus Q.H.Dai)对O3胁迫的生理响应规律.结果显示:随O3浓度的提高,叶片叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,SOD和POD活性,可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量及二者的比值(SPC/SSC)均呈下降趋势;叶绿素a口与b的比值(Chla/Chlb)、MDA含量和相对电导率均呈增加趋势.TR-1条件下叶片POD活性和可溶性糖含量分别比对照下降38.86％和10.37％,差异显著;Chla/Chlb比值显著高于对照,其余指标均与对照无显著差异.而在TR-2条件下叶片Chla、Chlb、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著低于对照,降幅分别为26.89％、40.91％、30.47％和20.37％;SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量以及PC/SSC比值也均显著低于对照,降幅分别为42.03％、46.62％、45.09％、11.52％和40.15％;Chla/Chlb比值、MDA含量和相对电导率均显著高于对照.另外,TR-1与TR-2处理组间光合色素含量和POD活性差异不显著,TR-2处理组MDA含量和相对电导率显著高于TR-1处理组,SOD活性显著低于后者.研究结果表明:美丽箬竹对O3胁迫具有强耐受性,可种植于O3浓度较高的环境中.     

Tidal movements of shallow water fishes in Kuwait Bay

The intertidal migrations of shallow water fishes in Kuwait Bay were studied during two 24 h periods using an otter trawl. Most species wereconcentrated at a location corresponding to Low Low Water mark. At the other tidal levels some fishes migrated with the tide to High High Water mark through a horizontal distance of up to 2 km. Any effect of day and night on the catch was masked by the effect of tidal condition.
Leiognarhus decorus (de Vis) was typically concentrated at Low Water but a proportion of the population followed the rising tide toward the shore. There was a die1 effect whichmay have been due to fish moving to shallower water at night compared with the day. Length-frequency distribution changed slightly with tidal state so that larger fish were not captured at High Water during the day. Of the fishes captured at high tide, the largest individuals of L. decorus were captured at a depth of 2.0 m deep. Solea elongata Day did not migrate with tidal fluctuations and was captured in large numbers only at Low Water. Arius tenuispinis Day was captured in shoals at or around Low Water.