乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入对重症肺炎患者肌钙蛋白水平及心肌酶谱的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入对重症肺炎患者肌钙蛋白水平、心肌酶谱的影响。方法:收集2014年3月至2016年3月于我院治疗的104例重症肺炎患者,52例行常规治疗患者作为对照组,52例于常规治疗基础上行乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入患者作为观察组,比较两组体征及症状消失时间、肌钙蛋白[心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)]、心肌酶谱[谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)\氢丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]、临床症状积分、临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组体征及症状消失时间明显短对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组cTnT、cTnI低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组AST、LDH、HBDH、CK-CB低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组临床症状积分低于对照组(P0.05);观察组有效率96.15%高于对照组82.69%(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效好,且可有效降低肌钙蛋白及心肌酶谱水平,减轻心肌损伤。     

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells repair severe acute pancreatitis by secreting miR-181a-5p to target PTEN/Akt/TGF-β1 signaling

BackgroundSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown obvious protective effect on SAP. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. The objective of this study is to unravel the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-181a-5p in BMSCs-mediated pancreatic repair.MethodsBMSCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and characterized by flow cytometry and Oil Red O staining. Sodium taurocholate- and caerulein-induced models were used as SAP models in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Pancreatic injury were evaluated by H&E and histopathological analysis, as well as by measuring levels of amylase, lipase and cytokines. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the level of miR-181a-5p and the protein levels of PTEN/Akt, respectively. ELISA was conducted to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, angiopoietin, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1. The apoptotic rate of AR42 J cells was quantitated by concurrent staining with Annexin-V-FITC and PI.ResultsBMSCs significantly attenuated pancreatic injury in SAP rats by reducing inflammatory infiltration and necrosis, and this effect was abolished by CXCR4 agonist AMD3100. ADM3100 exhibited more severe pancreatic injury and decreased miR-181a-5p levels in the pancreas and serum compared to SAP group. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p in BMSCs (BMSCs-miR-181a-5p) markedly potentiated the protective effect of BMSCs by reducing histological damage and levels of amylase and lipase. Moreover, BMSCs-miR-181a-5p dramatically reduced levels of angiopoietin, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, but induced the levels of IL-4 and IL-10. In caerulein-treated AR42 J cells, co-culturing of BMSCs-miR-181a-5p alleviated caerulein-induced increase of amylase and lipase, and apoptosis via PTEN/Akt/TGF-β1 signaling.ConclusionBMSCs alleviate SAP and reduce inflammatory responses and apoptosis by secreting miR-181a-5p to target PTEN/Akt/TGF-β1 signaling. Hence, BMSCs-miR-181a-5p could serve as potential therapeutic target for SAP.     

氨溴索佐治新生儿吸入性肺炎的临床疗效观察

目的观察氨溴索佐治新生儿吸入性肺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年10月~2016年10月我院收治的新生儿吸入性肺炎患儿88例为研究对象,根据患儿出生时间先后顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组患儿采用保暖、清理呼吸道、氧疗、抗感染等常规治疗方法,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上加氨溴索治疗,并对两组患儿的治疗总有效率、体征改善时间、住院时间、不良反应发生情况等进行比较分析。结果观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的77.50%;观察组患儿呼吸困难、紫绀、口吐泡沫、肺部啰音等症状体征改善时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论氨溴索佐治新生儿吸入性肺炎的临床疗效良好,可促进患儿临床体征快速改善,且无药物不良反应,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

替加环素对重症呼吸机相关性肺炎患者呼吸力学与血清炎症因子的影响

目的:研究替加环素治疗重症呼吸机相关性肺炎的疗效及对患者呼吸力学及血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取2014年9月至2016年8月本院收治的88例重症呼吸机相关性肺炎患者,根据投硬币法分为观察组和对照组,44例每组。对照组采用常规治疗方案,观察组在常规治疗基础上采用替加环素治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后呼吸力学、血清炎症因子指标及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组肺部感染控制时间、治愈时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组呼吸做功、气道峰压、气道阻力均低于对照组,动态顺应性高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:重症呼吸机相关性肺炎患者经替加环素治疗后,能有效改善患者呼吸力学与血清炎症因子水平,临床疗效良好。     

灵芝孢子粉对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肠道微生态失调的调整作用

目的探讨灵芝孢子粉对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）导致的肠道微生态失调的调整作用。方法采用胆胰管逆行注射5％牛磺胆酸钠法造成SAP模型；SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、奥曲肽治疗组、灵芝孢子粉治疗组及灵芝孢子粉奥曲肽联合治疗组；于给药7d后处死大鼠，进行肠道菌群、肝脏及胰腺细菌易位检测。结果SAP时出现明显的肠道菌群紊乱，细菌易位。经治疗后发现，灵芝孢子粉能够扶植双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的生长，使肠杆菌的数量减少，并可控制细菌易位。将灵芝孢子粉与奥曲肽合用作用更佳，与其他治疗组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论灵芝孢子粉可调整SAP时出现的肠道微生态失调，其与奥曲肽联合应用治疗SAP可降低感染率，取得较好的疗效。     

Effect of Seihai-to, a Kampo medicine, in relapsing aspiration pneumonia an open-label pilot study

Two published case reports described palliation of disease after Seihai-to therapy for refractory aspiration pneumonia caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and cerebrovascular disease. We undertook an open-label trial in patients with relapsing aspiration pneumonia. Fifteen patients with relapsing aspiration pneumonia were randomly divided into conventional therapy group (n = 8) or Seihai-to group (n = 7). In Seihai-to group, patients were treated with Seihai-to in addition to conventional therapy (Western medicines). Frequency of feverish days and antibiotics-use, CRP value and chest CT or X-ray findings were compared between the two groups during the study period of 16 weeks. In the Seihai-to group, the latency of swallowing reflex was measured in 6 patients before and after administration of Seihai-to. The mean values of fever index, CRP value and antibiotics-use in the Seihai-to group were decreased significantly, compared with those of the conventional therapy group. However, the latency of the swallowing reflex after 4 weeks of treatment was not significantly changed (p = 0.249), compared with the latency before administration of Seihai-to. No adverse reaction was observed in either group. Seihai-to was effective in reducing relapse of aspiration pneumonia in this small group. Seihai-to might not improve the swallowing reflex, but might instead improve a defense mechanism or excessive inflammation caused by pneumonia in the lower airway. Further evaluation of Seihai-to therapy for patients with aspiration pneumonia in a larger population is warranted.     

Genome-wide CRISPR Screens Reveal Host Factors Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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SARS冠状病毒感染Lewis大鼠模型的建立

目的通过观察SARS-CoV感染Lewis大鼠后,病理学、免疫学以及病毒的复制与外排情况变化,探讨其能否作为有效的SARS动物模型。方法SARS病毒感染9只Lewis大鼠,在感染后不同时间安乐死动物,应用光镜对动物的各脏器进行病理观察研究;用病毒分离和RT-PCR方法检测病毒外排与复制的情况;用ELISA法检测动物产生特异性抗体情况。结果在SARS-CoV感染Lewis大鼠后,肺组织出现一定的与人类SARS疾病相似的病理改变,在动物体内可检测到活病毒或病毒核酸,并可检测到特异性IgG抗体的存在。结论Lewis大鼠出现了特异的免疫反应及特征性病理改变,可做为灵长类SARS动物模型的有益补充用于SARS发病机理及疫苗的研发等。     

喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法对肺炎支气管肺炎患者血清IL-33、IL-6及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法对肺炎支气管肺炎患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:收集我院就诊或住院治疗的840例支气管肺炎患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组420例。对照组患者给予阿奇霉素治疗。实验组在对照组基础上给予喜炎平静脉滴注治疗。观察并比较两组患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清IL-6、IL-33、TNF-α水平均显著下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清IL-6、IL-33、TNF-α水平较低(P0.05),临床治疗有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法能够提高肺炎支气管肺炎患者的临床疗效,可能与其降低患者血清IL-33、IL-6及TNF-α水平有关。     

乌司他丁对重型颅脑损伤患者脑氧代谢、炎性因子及肾功能的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁对重型颅脑损伤(SCCI)对患者脑氧代谢、炎性因子及肾功能的影响。方法:将98例SCCI患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组患者49例。对照组患者给予常规对症支持治疗,观察组患者在此基础上给予乌司他丁滴注治疗。比较两组治疗前及治疗第3 d、7 d的脑氧代谢(SjvO_2、CaO_2、A-vDO_2和CERO_2)、炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10)及肾功能(BUN和Cr)的变化。结果:治疗前,两组患者的SjvO_2、CaO_2、A-vDO_2、CERO_2、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、BUN和Cr水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗3 d、7 d,观察组患者的SjvO_2、CaO_2和IL-10水平均显著高于对照组,A-vDO_2、CERO_2、TNF-α、IL-6、BUN和Cr水平均显著低于对照组,差异显著具统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁治疗SCCI可有效改善患者的脑氧代谢、肾功能,减轻炎症反应。