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2.
Identification of superior parents in a potato breeding programme   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Summary An incomplete diallel cross was used to study components of genetic variation in potatoes for a range of characters after early and late harvest. The progenies were also used to evaluate five predictors of progeny performance, namely the mean seedling performance, the mid-parent value and the means of the selfed progenies, of the diploid progenies and of the test-cross progenies. For almost all characters, the general combining ability effects were predominant, although the specific combining ability effects present were greater at late than at early harvests. The seedling performance for tuber yield, number of tubers and average tuber weight did not show any relevant relationship to the field performance. The midparent value provided, in general, satisfactory predictions of the mean progeny performance obtained in the diallel, except for ware tuber yield. The selfed and the diploid progenies did not improve the prediction of progeny means compared to the mid-parent value. The predictions based on the test-crosses surpassed those of the mid-parent value, particularly for tuber yield at ware potato harvest. Methods to identify superior parents are discussed.  相似文献   
3.
拉恩氏菌W25对缓冲容量的响应及其产酸特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】进一步了解拉恩氏菌W25的溶磷机理和对土壤缓冲容量的响应。【方法】在液体摇瓶培养过程中,采用调节培养液pH的方法研究模拟土壤的缓冲容量对拉恩氏菌W25溶磷量的影响;通过单因子试验和HPLC相结合的方法,研究不同碳源、磷源条件下W25的溶磷能力及产酸特性。【结果】拉恩氏菌W25在磷酸三钙培养液中培养120 h后有效磷含量达到最大值,培养液有效磷含量与培养液pH变化之间呈极显著负相关性(P<0.01);W25在培养第48?96 h具有较强的缓冲能力,培养液有效磷含量加碱处理与未加碱处理差异不显著(P<0.05),从第120 h开始,缓冲能力开始减弱,在168 h后基本丧失了缓冲能力;W25在不同碳源条件下溶磷能力差异显著(P<0.05),依次为葡萄糖>乳糖>蔗糖>甘露醇>淀粉,不同磷源中培养液有效磷含量差异极显著(P<0.01),依次为磷酸三钙>磷酸铁>磷酸铝>磷矿粉;不同碳源、磷源条件下W25培养液中有机酸的种类和浓度差异较大,W25溶磷能力的大小不仅与产酸的种类有关,而且也与产酸的浓度有关。【结论】研究结果为更深入研究拉恩氏菌溶磷机理提供条件,为拉恩氏菌的应用提供理论基础。  相似文献   
4.
【背景】植物根际土壤含有多种溶磷微生物,但是具有溶磷能力的肠膜明串珠菌未见报道。【目的】从脐橙根际土壤分离高效解磷菌,研究其解磷应用。【方法】通过初筛和复筛从23株菌中筛选解磷能力较强的菌株,同时采用钼蓝比色法测定磷含量。通过测定发酵液中小分子有机酸含量、磷酸酯酶酶活及pH值的变化,探究菌株的解磷机理。【结果】经过筛选得到9株具有一定解磷能力的菌株。通过菌种16S rRNA基因序列分析和生理生化实验确定其中一株菌为肠膜明串珠菌,命名为肠膜明串珠菌G7。培养基初始pH6.0、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为硫酸铵时G7的解磷能力较佳。G7发酵过程中产生大量有机酸,而其酸性磷酸酯酶活性高于碱性磷酸酯酶。【结论】碳源、氮源以及初始pH值都能影响G7的解磷能力,其解磷能力主要缘于在发酵过程中产生了大量小分子有机酸,关于G7的解磷机理还需要更深入的研究。  相似文献   
5.
Nest defence intensity and nestling provisioning effort of female willow tits (Parus montanus) were significantly correlated at the end of nestling period: well-fed young were defended most intensely. Increased effort was rewarded, since broods with the highest female per-offspring provisioning rates were the most likely to produce local recruits. This suggests that the feeding ability is an important cue for parental investment decisions, at least in a species like the willow tit which has adopted the clutch adjustment strategy. Thus, the most valuable broods would not necessarily be the largest ones, but the ones in which the original number of young could be fed most adequately. However, no associations were found between the level of parental effort and offspring weight, size or condition, nor did the broods producing recruits differ from other broods in timing of breeding or number and size of offspring. The female behaviour may suggest that they invest the most time, energy and risk in the young whose chances of joining the winter flock are the best. The first well-fed young also gain an advantage of prior residency in joining the flock. The first to join normally obtain higher social status, and hence better winter survival, than latecomers. The corresponding patterns in male parental investment behaviour were weak or absent, which suggested that the male effort was affected by the female behaviour. Males seemed to invest in nestling provisioning in such a way as to supplement the female effort. During nest defence action males also seemed to invest in protection of females against predation.  相似文献   
6.
采用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数模型4种光响应模型分别拟合夏黑/贝达、夏黑/1103P、夏黑/101-14、夏黑/3309C、夏黑/140Ru、夏黑/5C、夏黑/5BB、夏黑/420A、夏黑/SO4、夏黑/抗砧1号、夏黑/华葡1号11种砧穗组合的光响应曲线,通过拟合程度、光补偿点、光饱和点、初始量子效率、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率等6个参数分析比较其拟合效果.结果表明: 4种模型拟合系数都在0.98以上,在光补偿点上,4种模型拟合效果相差不大,但直角双曲线修正模型在光饱和点、初始量子效率、最大净光合速率和暗呼吸速率方面拟合程度最好,运用赤池信息量准则计算,直角双曲线修正模型赤池信息量准则(AIC)值也最小,因此,直角双曲线修正模型为最佳拟合模型.通过聚类分析发现,夏黑/SO4、夏黑/420A两砧穗组合的表观量子效率高、光补偿点低、暗呼吸速率低,说明两者对弱光的利用效率高,耐弱光能力强,呼吸消耗少.通过Topsis (Technique for Order Prefe-rence by Similarity to an Ideal Solution)方法综合排名发现,夏黑/SO4、夏黑/420A组合耐弱光能力分别为第1、2名,与聚类分析结果一致.因此,夏黑以SO4或420A作为砧木的耐弱光能力最突出,更适合设施栽培.  相似文献   
7.
Summary Quantitative inheritance of resistance to Phytophthora pod rot (Ppr) was studied in cocoa hybrid progeny from 12 Trinitario x Amazonian crosses and their reciprocal crosses. The crossing scheme was similar to a factorial design. Disease was assessed by the number and percentage of infected pods on each tree. Highly significant differences due to general combining abilities (GCA) were obtained for all characters, except for the GCA of Trinitario on total pod production. Differences for specific combining ability (SCA) were not significant for all characters. There were no significant differences between reciprocal crosses. The Trinitario clone K82 provided the only source for the hybrid progenies of strong Ppr resistance to the hybrid progenies, while K20 provided moderate resistance. Other parental clones — KA2-101, KA5-201, KEE 2, KEE 5, and KEE 52 — produced progenies which were susceptible to Ppr. It is evident that resistance to Ppr in cocoa is inherited additively. Maternal and cytoplasmic effects were assumed to have no influence on inheritance of resistance. It is also concluded that resistance to Ppr of the kind shown by K82 is likely to be horizontal resistance. Breeding for high-yielding cultivars combined with Ppr resistance is the most effective way of controlling Ppr of cocoa on the crops of growers with small holdings in Papua New Guinea.  相似文献   
8.
NaCl胁迫对黄花菜生长和生理特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探明黄花菜的耐盐性及其生理机制,该试验以大同黄花菜为材料,采用砂培法,以正常营养液为对照(CK),用不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L-1)NaCl溶液浇灌大同黄花菜,分别于处理后5、10、15、20、25 d测定生长指标和生理指标,以明确NaCl胁迫对大同黄花菜生长、膜脂过氧化以及有机渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明:(1)随NaCl浓度提高,黄花菜根长和根系鲜质量先增大后减小,其他生长指标则逐渐显著降低,同时地上部含水量变化较小,根系含水量明显增加。(2)黄花菜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量随NaCl浓度提高均明显降低。(3)随NaCl浓度提高,黄花菜叶片丙二醛含量和POD活性逐渐显著增加;抗坏血酸含量在胁迫后20 d明显增加,25 d时呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,并在150 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下达到最大值;SOD活性在处理后10 d先增加后降低,在200 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下达到最大值,15 d后随NaCl浓度提高而显著增加。(4)随NaCl浓度提高,叶片脯氨酸含量逐渐显著增加,可溶性糖含量明显降低,可溶性蛋白含量在短期内逐渐增加,在胁迫15 d后呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,在150 mmol·L-1 NaCl下达到最大值。研究发现,NaCl胁迫对黄花菜叶片光合色素合成的抑制和过氧化伤害程度均随浓度增加而增大;植株自身抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力在盐胁迫下明显提高,一定程度上缓解了盐胁迫对其植株的伤害,但仍不足以消除胁迫带来的不利影响,使得黄花菜植株生长受到显著抑制;黄花菜对NaCl胁迫的耐性较强,植株在250 mmol·L-1高盐胁迫下仍能存活。  相似文献   
9.
盐分和水分胁迫对芦荟幼苗渗透调节和渗调物质积累的影响   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
用不同浓度NaCl和等渗聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)处理芦荟(Aloe vera L.)幼苗,10 d后测定叶片相对生长速率和厚度、叶片中主要有机溶质、无机离子含量及渗透调节能力.结果表明,-0.44、-0.88 MPa NaCl和PEG处理使芦荟叶片的相对生长速率和叶片厚度明显下降,且盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制和叶片含水量降低的效应明显高于等渗的水分胁迫,其叶片渗透调节能力随处理渗透势的降低而增加, -0.88 MPa PEG胁迫的芦荟幼苗的渗透调节能力高于等渗盐分胁迫.在主要渗透调节物质可溶性糖、有机酸、K 、Ca2 和Cl-中,-0.88 MPa PEG处理下含量比相同渗透势的NaCl处理下显著增加的是有机溶质,因此推断有机溶质含量高是PEG胁迫下渗透调节能力较强的主要因素.  相似文献   
10.
Models were constructed for control of a pest species by the release of sterile insects and these models explored the consequences of incomplete sterility. This feature was then coupled with the lack of competitive ability of released insects, the immigration of insects from outside the control area, and the mode of population regulation (density independent vs. density dependent). Using the density-independent models, it was seen that the limits on residual fertility of treated insects become much more stringent when incomplete sterilization is combined with a lack of competitive ability and immigration of insects into the control area. Strong density dependence in the system has a marked moderating effect on the requirements for sterility, competitive ability, and immigration. However, if the density-independent limits on these factors are exceeded, then suppression is possible, but collapse of the pest population is impossible using sterile releases alone. Even suppression might not be satisfactory if these three detrimental factors are prominent. It is suggested that one remedy is the use of the sterile release method in combination with other control methods. Received: January 18, 2001 / Accepted: August 7, 2001  相似文献   
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