社区2型糖尿病患者血糖自我管理水平调查及并发糖尿病周围神经病变的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查社区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖自我管理水平及分析T2DM并发糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的影响因素。方法：于2016年6月~2017年6月期间采用整群随机抽样法随机抽取苏州市6个社区符合纳排标准的539例T2DM患者进行问卷调查,了解社区T2DM患者血糖自我管理水平情况,对患者进行体格检查并检测血生化指标,统计社区T2DM患者的DPN发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析T2DM患者并发DPN的影响因素。结果：本次研究共发放调查问卷539份,实际回收531份,其中T2DM并发DPN者86例,根据是否并发DPN将所有入选患者分为DPN组（n=86）和无DPN组（n=445）。社区T2DM患者的糖尿病自我管理行为量表（SDSCA）平均得分率为（49.38±5.23）%,DPN组和无DPN组在病程、体质量指数（BMI）、腰围、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、低 密 度 脂 蛋 白（LDL-C）、血 尿 素 氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、合并外周动脉疾病（PAD）、合并糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）中比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：病程≥7年、HbAlc≥8 mmol/L、合并PAD、合并DR、BMI≥25 kg/m²是社区 T2DM患者并发DPN的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：苏州市6个社区的T2DM患者血糖自我管理水平较低,且T2DM并发DPN的概率较高,病程≥7年、HbAlc≥8 mmol/L、合并PAD、合并DR、BMI≥25 kg/m²均是社区 T2DM患者并发DPN的危险因素,临床可对上述危险因素采取积极有效的措施,以有效降低T2DM并发DPN的发生率。     

胃食管反流病患者自我管理行为依从性及其影响因素调查

目的：调查分析胃食管反流病患者自我管理行为依从性情况及其影响因素。方法：选取2010年2月-2012年6月来我院就诊治疗的胃食管反流患者150例,利用自我行为管理量表、自我效能量表、焦虑自评量表（SAs）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行调查,并采用单因素分析及多因素分析法分析其影响因素。结果：所有150例患者的自我行为管理平均得分为37．12＋4．95分,处于中下游水平,其中治疗依从性较好而疾病知识认知方面较差;而从单因素及多因素分析中得知,胃食管反流病患者自我行为依从性的影响因素主要为自我效能、工作学习压力及文化程度（偏回顾系数=0．301、-2．264、1．403）。结论：胃食管返流病患者的自我管理行为依从性较差,这与其文化程度较低、工作学习压力较大有关,医务人员应指导患者减轻工作学习压力,改善生活方式以提高其自我管理行为依从性。     

Middleware for enterprise scale data stream management using utility-driven self-adaptive information flows

We consider enterprise-wide information flows that are responsible for acquiring, processing and delivering operational information across the business units. Middleware that enables such aggregation of data-streams must not only support scalable and efficient self-management to deal with changes in the operating conditions, but should also have an embedded business-sense to appreciate the business critical nature of some updates. In this paper, we present a novel self-adaptation algorithm that has been designed to scale efficiently for thousands of streams and aims to maximize the overall business utility attained from running middleware-based applications. The outcome is that the middleware not only deals with changing network conditions or resource requirements, but also responds appropriately to changes in business policies. An important feature of the algorithm is a hierarchical node-partitioning scheme that decentralizes reconfiguration and suitably localizes its impact. Extensive simulation experiments and benchmarks attained with actual enterprise operational data corroborate this paper’s claims.

慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理的现状及影响因素分析(英文)

目的:了解慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理的现状及影响因素。方法:采用自行设计的心力衰竭自我管理量表、心力衰竭知识测评量表、患者信息调查表和社会支持评定量表、抑郁自评量表调查160例慢性心力衰竭患者的现状。结果:心衰患者自我管理状况呈中等水平,自我管理水平与教育程度、心衰相关知识水平以及社会支持程度呈中度正相关关系,与抑郁情绪和年龄呈中度负相关关系。结论:慢性心衰患者自我管理水平受其生理、心理及社会等多因素的影响。     

Long term effects of an integrated care intervention on hospital utilization in patients with severe COPD: a single centre controlled study

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally. In Trondheim in 2008 an integrated care model (COPD-Home) consisting of an education program, self-management plan, home visits and a call centre for patient support and communication was developed. The objective was to determine the efficacy of an intervention according to the COPD-Home model in reducing hospital utilization among patients with COPD stage III and IV (GOLD 2007) discharged after hospitalization for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).

Methods

A single centre, prospective, open, controlled clinical study comparing COPD-Home integrated care (IC) with usual care (UC).

Results

Ninety-one versus 81 patients mean age 73.4 ± 9.3 years (57% women) were included in the IC group (ICG) and the UC group (UCG) respectively, and after 2 years 51 and 49 patients were available for control in the respective groups. During the year prior to study start there were 71 hospital admissions (HA) in the ICG and 84 in the UCG. There was a 12.6% reduction in HA in the ICG during the first year of follow-up and a 46.5% reduction during the second year (p = 0.01) compared to an 8.3% increase during the first year and no change during the second year in the ICG. During the year prior to study start, the number of hospital days (HD) was 468 in the ICG and 479 in the UCG. In the IC group, the number of HD was reduced by 48.3% during the first year (p = 0.01), and remained low during the second year of follow-up (p=0.02). In the UC group, the number of HD remained unchanged during the follow-up period. There was a trend towards a shorter survival time among patients in the ICG compared to the UCG, hazard ratio 1.33 [95% CI 0.77 to 2.33].

Conclusion

Intervention according to the COPD-Home model reduced hospital utilization in patients with COPD III and IV with a persisting effect throughout the 2 years of follow-up. However, there was a trend towards a shorter survival time in the intervention group.     

第一滴和第二滴末梢血血糖值差异性的多中心临床研究

目的:本研究旨在探讨在洗手消毒和不洗手消毒两种情况下,第一滴与第二滴末梢血血糖值之间的差异,以及第一滴末梢血血糖值与对照血糖值之间的差异,及此差异对临床治疗决策的影响。方法:研究于2014年5月20日至5月29日在全国四个城市的四家糖尿病专科医院中同步进行,共纳入住院糖尿病患者240例,分别测定洗手消毒以及不洗手不消毒情况下第一滴和第二滴末梢血的血糖值,使用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验方法比较第一滴与第二滴末梢血血糖值及第一滴末梢血与对照血糖值,利用误差栅格分析(Error Grid Analyze,EGA)图分析第一滴与第二滴末梢血血糖值及第一滴末梢血与对照血糖值的一致性。结果:分别获得洗手消毒和不洗手消毒情况下的血糖监测结果 1183对和715对。无论是否洗手消毒,第一滴与第二滴末梢血的血糖值以及第一滴末梢血与对照血糖值之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P值均为0.000)。在洗手消毒和不洗手消毒情况下,第一滴与第二滴末梢血血糖值偏差小于20%的百分比分别为98.6%和97.8%,落于EGA图的A区;第一滴末梢血与对照组血糖值的偏差小于10%的百分比分别为98.2%和97.6%,在EGA图中,落于A区的百分比分别为99.8%和99.6%。结论:在糖尿病的自我管理和临床实践中,无论是否洗手消毒,使用第一滴末梢血进行血糖监测已经足够准确可靠,且更为方便快捷。     

对于可改善癌性疼痛的教育干预的研究进展

疼痛是癌症患者的一种常见症状,全世界每年有超过1000万人被诊断出患有癌症,而与他们病情相关的疼痛是一个严重的问题。尽管在国际上有明确的评估和管理癌症相关疼痛的指南,但是出现癌症相关疼痛的患者并未能得到充分合理的治疗,疼痛症状重。目前,相当一部分患者对癌症止痛药物的使用缺乏认识,针对患者进行合理的教育干预显得尤为重要。本文通过检索多个中外数据库的临床研究,对探讨癌症患者疼痛教育干预的研究进展进行综述,以期为癌性疼痛的教育干预提供新的改进思路。     

慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理的现状及影响因素分析

目的：了解慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理的现状及影响因素。方法：采用自行设计的心力衰竭自我管理量表、心力衰竭知识测评量表、患者信息调查表和社会支持评定量表、抑郁自评量表调查160 例慢性心力衰竭患者的现状。结果：心衰患者自我管理状况呈中等水平,自我管理水平与教育程度、心衰相关知识水平以及社会支持程度呈中度正相关关系,与抑郁情绪和年龄呈中度负相关关系。结论：慢性心衰患者自我管理水平受其生理、心理及社会等多因素的影响。