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1.
刘荣堂 《生态学报》1997,17(2):151-158
自1988-1993年,结合《引进赛加羚羊驯化研究》,对赛加羚羊现代分布区、国内分布区和43个样点的11基气象地理要素计算欧氏距离和模糊相似优先化,并进一步气候图解分析,发现引种区--甘肃武威地区的生态环境与赛加羚羊现代分布区中的别特帕克达拉等地具有一定的相似性,气候类型介于哈萨克斯坦的增荒漠条件的而变化。要保证生态铲能的充分发挥,赛加羚羊必须与环境统一,途径有三,其中在生态环境基本相似的区域内引  相似文献   
2.
自1988~1993年,结合《引进赛加羚羊驯化研究》,对赛加羚羊现代分布区、国内历史分布区和43个样点的11项气象地理要素计算欧氏距离和模糊相似优先化,并进一步作气候图解分析.发现引种区甘肃武威地区的生态环境与赛加羚羊现代分布区中的别特帕克达拉等地具有一定的相似性,气候类型介于哈萨克斯坦的半荒漠与荒漠草原之间,更相似于荒漠草原。认为赛加羚羊同其它生物种一样,有其特定的生态位,但随生态条件的变化而变化。要保证生态效能的充分发挥,赛加羚羊必须与环境统一,途径有三,其中在生态环境基本相似的区域内引种才是可行的。甘肃武威地区便是这种区域之一。进一步分析各种生态因子对环境的作用及物源状况十分重要  相似文献   
3.
To obtain direct dietary information, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured from bone collagen acquired from the well-preserved skeleton of a Magdalenian woman from the site of Saint-Germain-la-Rivière in southwestern France. Comparison of delta13C and delta15N values of the human bone collagen to those of bone collagen from local herbivores and carnivores indicates that the woman's primary source of protein was the meat of large terrestrial herbivores. Application of a linear mixing model to the woman's isotopic signature indicates that (1) no significant marine-derived protein contributed to her average diet; (2) saiga antelope, which dominates the faunal remains at Saint-Germain-la-Rivière, was not the main source of terrestrial protein; and (3) her pattern of subsistence reflects a less opportunistic behavior than generally attributed to humans from this period. Dietary proportions of prey reflected by the number of identified specimens are revised using meat percentage estimates, which de-emphasize the importance of saiga antelope in human subsistence at Saint-Germain-la-Rivière during the middle Magdalenian.  相似文献   
4.
刘荣堂  陈本健 《生态学报》1996,16(3):265-268
在植物区系研究的基础上,作者于1988~1993年在甘肃省武威市进一步研究了赛加羚羊引种区的植物群落特征,观察了30种植物的物候期,用常规方法化验了72种植物的营养成分,从植被特征出发,综合评价其对赛加羚羊的适宜性。  相似文献   
5.
Aim Long‐distance migrations of terrestrial animals, driven by needs such as food, water and escaping predators and harsh climatic conditions, are widely known phenomena. The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica tatarica) migrates over long distances in the semi‐arid rangelands of Central Asia. Both the saiga’s range and its populations have been severely affected by socio‐political and land use changes over the last century, related to the formation and dissolution of the Soviet Union. We identified ecological drivers of saiga migration, compared four populations in terms of differences in the geographical characteristics of their ranges and the factors affecting habitat selection within the seasonal ranges. Location Kazakhstan and pre‐Caspian Russia. Methods Using 40 years of direct observations, we tested for differences between the four saiga populations’ ranges in terms of precipitation, seasonal productivity and topographical variables using discriminant analyses. We tested hypotheses concerning the drivers of migration to their seasonal ranges and assessed the impact of peak and average values and the predictability of drivers of habitat use within the seasonal ranges using logistic regressions. Results Three of the four populations migrate in a similar way, following a latitudinal gradient driven by seasonal changes in productivity, which is closely related to broad‐scale differences in precipitation. Intermediate productivity and its low interannual variability determine habitat selection within the seasonal ranges of all the populations. Main conclusions Migration of all four populations is driven by productivity and precipitation. The migrations in Kazakhstan are still intact despite major recent disruption to the populations, whereas their status in the pre‐Caspian region is unknown. All four populations are under severe threat from habitat loss, poaching, lack of protection and gaps in ecological knowledge. A better understanding of the drivers of saiga migration at multiple scales is a key step towards addressing these threats.  相似文献   
6.
Five new microsatellite loci were isolated from the perennial plant, Silene tatarica. We characterized S. tatarica individuals originating from two riverbank populations in northern Finland and observed between four and nine alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity was consistently lower than gene diversity (HO: 0.0450–0.2385, HE: 0.1919–0.6187). This deficiency of heterozygous genotypes was observed in most locus/population combinations, and is presumably caused by spatial genetic structuring due to restricted seed flow within subpopulations. The markers presented here are the first microsatellites reported for S. tatarica.  相似文献   
7.
8.
为了解世界濒危物种、国家Ⅰ级保护野生动物赛加羚羊(Saiga tatarica)主要器官组织的结构特征,本研究利用石蜡组织切片技术,对1只因胎衣不下死亡的雌性成年赛加羚羊心、肝、脾、肺、肾的组织结构进行了观察。赛加羚羊心肌纤维发达,呈圆柱状,有分支,其胞核位于细胞边缘,各心肌纤维分支末端相互连接构成肌纤维网,闰盘明显。肝组织致密,间质少,肝小叶分界不清,切面呈不规则的多边形,肝细胞以中央静脉为中心呈放射状排列。脾的被膜较厚,脾小梁由被膜和脾门的结缔组织伸入脾实质形成,相互连接构成脾的粗支架;实质部分可明显分为白髓和红髓,白髓主要分布在脾内小动脉周围,其内部脾小结形状为圆形或椭圆形;红髓主要分布于白髓区周围,其内充满大量的红细胞。肺实质导气部主要可见细支气管和终末细支气管,其中,细支气管的管腔面富含纵行皱襞,黏膜上皮为假复层柱状纤毛上皮;呼吸部可见大量的肺泡管、肺泡囊和肺泡,肺泡结构清晰可见。肾为平滑单乳头肾,由被膜和实质构成,实质可明显分为皮质与髓质,皮质内可见大量肾小体和少量结缔组织。总体而言,与其他同类型反刍动物相比较,赛加羚羊各主要器官的组织结构未见有明显差异。  相似文献   
9.
In polygynous mammals, males generally benefit more from extra allocation of maternal resources than females. However, limitations to sex-specific allocation are usually ignored. We propose the 'allocation constraint' hypothesis, whereby maternal resource allocation is more likely to follow life-history predictions in single sex litters than in mixed sex litters, due to limitations in prenatal resource targeting. Consequently, for polygynous species, males in mixed litters are likely to receive suboptimal maternal investment, which may have a negative effect on lifetime reproductive success. We test this hypothesis for the saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), a highly polygynous species with the highest level of maternal allocation reported among ungulates. At such high reproductive output levels, the limitations on additional investment in males are likely to be particularly acute. However, we demonstrate high levels of sexual dimorphism in both late-stage foetuses and newborn calves, including within the same litter. Male twins with a brother tended to be heavier than those with a sister. This may be due to allocation constraints or differences in maternal quality. We conclude that an explicit focus on potential constraints can enhance the progress in the field of sex-specific maternal allocation in polytocous species.  相似文献   
10.
赛加羚羊(Saiga tatarica)属于我国一级重点保护野生动物,其原产地主要为高寒低氧地区,现存种群则主要栖息于中亚地区的荒漠及半荒漠草原上。脑红蛋白是一种存在于脊椎动物体内具有运输和储存血氧能力的球蛋白,在动物适应低氧过程中具有重要的生理功能。为了初步探究赛加羚羊对低氧环境的耐受性机制,运用免疫组织化学染色法与实时荧光定量PCR技术,对脑红蛋白及脑红蛋白基因(NGB)在赛加羚羊的心、肝、脾、肺、肾等5种主要内脏器官中的分布规律与表达情况进行了探究。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,脑红蛋白在赛加羚羊的心、肝、脾、肺、肾中均有分布,阳性表达主要分布在其心肌细胞、肝细胞、脾白髓区中的淋巴细胞、肺泡细胞以及肾小球内皮细胞。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,脑红蛋白基因在赛加羚羊心、肝、脾、肺、肾中的表达量不同,脾的表达量最高,心的表达量次之,两者均显著高于肝、肺和肾(P < 0.05);其后依次为肝、肾、肺,其中,肝的表达量显著高于肾和肺(P < 0.05),肾和肺之间表达量差异不显著(P > 0.05),肺的表达量最低。上述研究表明,脑红蛋白在赛加羚羊的主要内脏器官中均有阳性表达,不同内脏器官中的表达量不同,这表明脑红蛋白可能参与了这些内脏器官的氧利用过程,具体机制有待进一步探讨。  相似文献   
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