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Salinity tolerance levels and physiological changes were evaluated for twelve rice cultivars, including four white rice and eight black glutinous rice cultivars, during their seedling stage in response to salinity stress at 100 mM NaCl. All the rice cultivars evaluated showed an apparent decrease in growth characteristics and chlorophyll accumulation under salinity stress. By contrast an increase in proline, hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase (POX) activity and anthocyanins were observed for all cultivars. The K+/Na+ ratios evaluated for all rice cultivars were noted to be highly correlated with the salinity scores thus indicating that the K+/Na+ ratio serves as a reliable indicator of salt stress tolerance in rice. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on physiological salt tolerance indexes could clearly distinguish rice cultivars into 4 salt tolerance clusters. Noteworthy, in comparison to the salt-sensitive ones, rice cultivars that possessed higher degrees of salt tolerance displayed more enhanced activity of catalase (CAT), a smaller increase in anthocyanin, hydrogen peroxide and proline content but a smaller drop in the K+/Na+ ratio and chlorophyll accumulation.  相似文献   
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To study the roles of m5C in the differentiation of rice calli derived from protoplasts (protoclones), the m5C level of the total DNA was analyzed using the32P post-labeling method. The level of m5C in regenerable and nonregenerable protoclones was similar, as was in calli and leaves of plants regenerated from the same protoclones. Treatment with 0.5 mM 5-azacytidine caused significant reduction of the level of m5C and of the regeneration frequency of callus. Significantly increased m5C levels were observed during prolonged culture.  相似文献   
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一套新的籼稻初级三体的选育和细胞学鉴定   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
程祝宽  李欣 《遗传学报》1996,23(5):363-371
以秋水仙素处理中籼3037幼苗,从其后代中获得同源三倍体1株。为选育成套初级三体,将中籼3037同源三倍体茎节幼芽置于试管中离体繁殖,繁殖后的同源三倍体种于田间,授以正常中籼3037的花粉。获得3013粒种子,成苗1063株。通过染色体数目检查,共获得302株三体植株。这些三体按其形态特征可分为12类,对每类三体植株分别通过粗线期的染色体鉴定,获得了12种初级三体,依据额外染色体长度递减的顺序分别定名为三体1、三体2、………三体12。  相似文献   
6.
Retrospective and perspective of rice breeding in China   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Breeding is the art and science of selecting and changing crop traits for the benefit of human beings. For several decades, tremendous efforts have been made by Chinese scientists in rice breeding in improving grain yield, nutrition quality, and environmental performance, achieving substantial progress for global food security. Several generations of crop breeding technologies have been developed, for example, selection of better performance in the field among variants (conventional breeding), application of molecular markers for precise selection (molecular marker assisted breeding), and development of molecular design (molecular breeding by rational design). In this review, we briefly summarize the advances in conventional breeding, functional genomics for genes and networks in rice that regulate important agronomic traits, and molecular breeding in China with focuses on high yield, good quality, stress tolerance, and high nutrient-use efficiency. These findings have paved a new avenue for rational design of crops to develop ideal varieties with super performance and productivity.  相似文献   
7.
水稻幼穗组培及白化苗的电镜观察   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
木文报道了五份水稻材料的幼穗组培的诱导率和分化率,对继代8次后的幼穗愈伤分化出的白苗和绿苗及其各自的愈伤进行电镜扫描,发现白苗的质体结构不完整,不能正常合成叶绿素。  相似文献   
8.
RFLP tagging of a salt tolerance gene in rice   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
A salt tolerant rice mutant (M-20) was obtained through selection in vitro. Its tolerance was stably inherited over eight generations and most traints between M-20 and its sensitive original 77–170 (Oryza sativa) were very similar. By deriving an F2 population of M-20 × 77–170 and splitting every F2 individual into two parts, with one part planted in normal conditions and another part in saline conditions, the inheritance of salt tolerance in rice was studied. Under normal conditions, there was no apparent segregation among F2 individuals. Under saline conditions, however, the segregation of traits was obvious. According to our standards, the ratio of salt sensitive:moderately-tolerant:tolerant plants was 25:42:18, in accordance with a 1:2:1 ratio. It suggested that the improvement of salt tolerance in our materials was induced by the mutation of a major tolerant gene which showed incomplete dominance. By use of 130 RFLP probes distributed throughout the rice genome, the gene was tagged by a single copy DNA probe, RG4, which was located on chromosome 7. The genetic distance between the salt tolerant gene and RG4 was 7.0 ± 2.9 cM. Based on the split method, a method which could be currently used to evaluate the damage of salt stress in rice was proposed.  相似文献   
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This study was conducted to investigate the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain REN1 and its ability to reduce ethylene levels produced during stress, endophytically colonize and promote the elongation of the roots of rice seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. We isolated 80 bacteria from inside roots of rice plants grown in the farmers’ fields in Guilan, Iran. All of the isolates were characterized for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. In addition, the colonization assay of these isolates on rice seedlings was carried out to screen for competent endophytes. The best bacterial isolate, based on ACC deaminase production, was identified and used for further study. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the endophyte was closely related to Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results of this study showed ACC deaminase containing P. fluorescens REN1 increased in vitro root elongation and endophytically colonized the root of rice seedlings significantly, as compared to control under constant flooded conditions. The trait of low amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (<15 μg mL−1) and the high production of ACC deaminase by bacteria may be main factors in colonizing rice seedling roots compared to other PGP traits (siderophore production and phosphate solubilization) in this study. Endophytic IAA and ACC deaminase-producing bacteria may be preferential selections by rice seedlings. Therefore, it may be suggested that the utilization of ACC as a nutrient gives the isolates advantages in more endophytic colonization and increase of root length of rice seedlings.  相似文献   
10.
一种水稻分蘖突变体的初步分析(简报)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯,ethyl methane sulfonate)诱变处理灿稻丰矮占5号的种子,在M2代中分离到一株少分蘖突变体,命名为ret5-5(reduced tiller mutant)。植株表现为不分蘖,自交所得M3、M4和M5代植株表现为0-2个分蘖,而原正常品种FAZ-5同期平均分蘖数为8.2。突变体与FAZ-5的杂交结果显示该突变表型为隐性突变。在F1代自交所得F2和F3代植株出现性状分离,突变可能涉及2个或2个以上的基因。  相似文献   
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