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1.
红脖游蛇咬伤引起严重中毒的临床观察报告   总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3  
温汉春  李其斌 《蛇志》2006,18(2):115-117
目的为了观察红脖游蛇(Rhabdophis subminiatus)咬伤的临床表现,探明其中毒引起出血的机制。方法对2001~2005年我科诊治的7例红脖游蛇咬伤病人,采取临床观察结合实验室检查:试管法凝血时间(coagulation time)、PT、APTT、TT、纤维蛋白原浓度(Fibrinogen,Fib)和纤维蛋白降解产物含量(3P和D-二聚体)测定等实验检查的血液学研究。并采用自行设计方法治疗:蛇咬伤伤口局部消毒后给予点状加压止血(绝对不能切开,已经切口的需把伤口缝合后再止血)。全身治疗主要有(1)根据需要输注全血或血浆;(2)止血抗纤溶药:止血敏维生素K,止血芳酸,止血环酸;(3)654-2加地塞米松静脉点滴防治全身炎症反应综合症(SIRS);(4)口服中草药蛇药;(5)抗感染;(6)抗休克和治疗MODS等对症处理。结果7例病人就诊时全部有伤口出血难止,全身严重出血倾向,其中1例头颅CT检查发现有脑出血,2例出现了休克、急性肾功能衰竭。全部患者进行血液学检查试管法凝血时间均明显延长,普通试管里血液未能凝固;PT、APTT和TT均延长,纤维蛋白原明显减少,基本检测不出,3P阳性和D-二聚体增加,呈脱纤维蛋白原血症状态。脑出血患者因无手术指征,保守治疗病情稳定后自动出院,1例急性肾功能衰竭患者因无法人工肾治疗而自动出院(后证实死亡)。其余5例痊愈出院。结论提示该蛇咬伤可引起患者体内凝血系统被激活而继发纤溶亢进完全脱纤维蛋白状态的DIC样血液学改变,如不及时治疗,可引起严重合并症,甚至死亡。  相似文献   
2.
In eukaryotes, mature rRNA sequences are produced from single large (45S) precursor (pre-rRNA) as the result of successive removal of spacers through a series of rapid and intricate actions of endo- and exonucleases. The excision of internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), a eukaryotic-specific insertion, remains the most elusive processing step. ITS2 is the element mandatory for all eukaryotic pre-rRNAs that contain at least three processing cleavage sites for precise 5.8S and 28S formation. Conserved core sequences (cis-elements) binding to trans-factors provide for precise rRNA processing, whereas rapidly diverging regions between the core sequences preserve internal complementarity, which guarantees the spatial integrity of ITS2. Characteristic differences in the formation of such insertions during evolution should reflect the relationships between taxa. The phylogeny of the reptiles and the relationships between taxa proposed by scientists are controversial. To delineate the structural and functional features preserved among reptilian ITS2s, we cloned and sequenced 58 ITS2s belonging to four reptile orders: Squamata, Crocodilians, Aves, and Testudines. We studied the subsequent alignment and folding of variable regions. The sizes and packing of the loop–stems between conserved consensus segments in reptiles vary considerably between taxa. Our phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of the reptile ITS2s primary structural alignments revealed a split between Iguania clade and all other taxa. True lizards (suborder Scleroglossa) and snakes (suborder Serpentes) show sister relationships, as well as the two other reptilian orders, Crocodilia + Aves and Testudines. In summary, our phylogenetic trees exhibit a mix of specific features deduced or, to the contrary, rejected earlier by other authors.  相似文献   
3.
陈慧丽  计翔 《生态学报》2002,22(11):1852-1858
用恒温(24、27、30和33C)和波动温度(平均26.1C,范围20.1—32.7C)孵化虎斑颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis)卵,检测热环境对孵化期、孵化成功率和孵出幼体的影响。孵化热环境显著影响孵化期、孵化成功率和胚胎畸形率,对孵出幼体性别无显著影响。孵化期随孵化温度升高而缩短,24、27、30和33C的平均孵化期分别为45.0、32.7、27.3和26.0d,波动温度的平均孵化期为37.9d。33C孵化成功率最低(16.7%),胚胎畸形率最高(100%)。孵出幼体总性比(雌性/雄性=0.6)不显著偏离1:1。孵出幼体的尾长显示两性异形,雄性尾长大于雌性;其它被检幼体特征无显著的两性差异。24、27和30C以及波动温度孵出幼体的所有被检指标均无显著差异。33C孵出幼体的体重和个体大小小于其它热环境中孵出的幼体,并特征性地具有较小的躯干、较大的剩余卵黄。33C中胚胎发育的能耗显著大于其它热环境中胚胎发育的能耗。33(‘孵出幼体的灰分含量较低,但孵出卵卵壳较重。33C孵出幼体不能运动;其它热环境中孵出的幼体在跑道上表现良好,这些幼体的不问断运动的最大距离、每分钟运动距离和每分钟停顿次数无显著的差异。结果表明,持续将虎斑颈槽蛇卵暴露在33C条件下不利于该种胚胎发育并可能对胚胎具有致死性影响,波动温度孵卵有利于拓宽存活孵化温度范围。  相似文献   
4.
2002年6月至2008年8月,作者对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源进行了10次实地调查与监测,共采集到蛇类32种.其中双全白环蛇(bycodon fasciatus)和颈槽蛇(Rhabdophisnuchalis)为湖南省蛇类新纪录.  相似文献   
5.
Natural hybrid zones between distinct species have been reported for many taxa, but so far, few examples involve carnivores or Neotropical mammals in general. In this study, we employed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and nine microsatellite loci to identify and characterize a hybrid zone between two Neotropical felids, Leopardus geoffroyi and L. tigrinus, both of which are well-established species having diverged from each other c. 1 million years ago. These two felids are mostly allopatric throughout their ranges in South America, with a narrow contact zone that includes southern Brazil. We present strong evidence for the occurrence of hybridization between these species and identify at least 14 individuals (most of them originating from the geographical contact zone) exhibiting signs of interspecific genomic introgression. The genetic structure of Brazilian L. tigrinus populations seems to be affected by this introgression process, showing a gradient of differentiation from L. geoffroyi correlated with distance from the contact zone. We also corroborate and extend previous findings of hybridization between L. tigrinus and a third related felid, L. colocolo, leading to an unusual situation for a mammal, in which the former species contains introgressed mtDNA lineages from two distinct taxa in addition to its own.  相似文献   
6.
和七一  余晓东 《生物学杂志》2007,24(3):55-57,63
虎斑颈槽蛇是中国数量较多、分布最广的蛇类之一,但一直被当作无毒蛇而忽视。为了使人们对虎斑颈槽蛇有一个全面、正确的认识,也为以后的相关研究奠定一定的理论基础,从虎斑颈槽蛇的分布,形态,生活习性以及毒腺的研究等方面加以综述。  相似文献   
7.
Many animals sequester dietary defensive compounds and incorporate them into the offspring, which protects the young against predation. One possible but poorly investigated question is whether females of such species actively prey upon toxic diets. The snake Rhabdophis tigrinus sequesters defensive steroids from toads consumed as prey; it also feeds on other amphibians. Females produce chemically armed offspring in direct proportion to their own level of toad-derived toxins by provisioning the toxins to their eggs. Our field observations of movements and stomach contents of radio-tracked R. tigrinus showed that gravid snakes preyed upon toads by actively foraging in the habitat of toads, even though toads were a scarce resource and toad-searching may incur potential costs. Our Y-maze experiments demonstrated that gravid females were more likely to trail the chemical cues of toads than were males or non-gravid females. These results showed behavioural switching in females and active foraging for scarce, toxic prey during gestation. Because exploitation of toads by gravid females results in their offspring being more richly endowed with prey-derived toxins, active foraging for toxic prey is expected to be an adaptive antipredator trait, which may enhance chemical defence in offspring.  相似文献   
8.
蛇类是一种研究能量平衡的模型动物,而肠道微生物则帮助宿主获取能量和营养。大多数肠道微生物的研究集中在圈养动物上,而对于野生蛇类的研究很少。本研究从3只野生虎斑颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis tigrinus)的大肠、小肠和泄殖腔内容物提取微生物总DNA,进行16S rRNA基因V4区域扩增子测序,分析虎斑颈槽蛇肠道核心微生物组成和分布特征。结果表明,阿尔法指数在不同肠道区域的多样性不存在显著性差异。大肠、小肠和泄殖腔3个肠道部位共享534个操作分类单元(OTUs),大肠包含最多特有OTUs(388个)。门水平,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)在小肠(52.87% ± 14.49%)、大肠(41.12% ± 22.60%)和泄殖腔(65.70% ± 10.44%)均为优势菌。属水平,鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)在小肠(46.36% ± 13.86%)、大肠(21.95% ± 9.82%)和泄殖腔(58.18% ± 14.29%)为优势菌,柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)在小肠和泄殖腔中有显著性差异。此外,在其肠道检测到很多潜在的致病菌,例如,柠檬酸杆菌属、明串珠菌属(Trichococcus)和丹毒丝菌属(Erysipelothrix),了解了潜在致病菌在虎斑颈槽蛇肠道中的分布情况。在聚类分析中发现泄殖腔的数据重复性较好,将本研究泄殖腔数据与前人研究过的食鱼蝮(Agkistrodon piscivorus)泄殖腔高通量测序数据进行联合分析,为更广泛开展不同蛇类肠道微生物组成的差异性分析提供理论借鉴依据。  相似文献   
9.
Two extracellular oxidases (laccases) were isolated from the extracellular fluid of the fungus Panus (Lentinus) tigrinus cultivated in low-nitrogen medium supplemented with birch sawdust. The enzymes were purified by successive chromatography on columns with TEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Toyopearl 650M. Both oxidases catalyze oxidation of pyrocatechol and ABTS. Moreover, oxidase 1 also catalyzes oxidation of guaiacol, o-phenylenediamine, and syringaldazine. The enzymes have identical pH (7.0) and temperature (60–65°C) optimums. Absorption spectra of the oxidases differ from the spectra of typical “blue” laccases and are similar to the spectrum of yellow oxidase.__________Translated from Biokhimiya, Vol. 70, No. 6, 2005, pp. 850–854.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Cadimaliev, Revin, Atykyan, Samuilov.  相似文献   
10.
The toxicity of thirteen isomers of mono-, di-, tri- and pentachlorophenols was tested in potato-dextrose agar cultures of the white rot fungi Panus tigrinus and Coriolus versicolor. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) was chosen for further study of its toxicity and transformation in liquid cultures of these fungi. Two schemes of 2,4,6-TCP addition were tested to minimize its toxic effect to fungal cultures: stepwise addition from the moment of inoculation and single addition after five days of growth. In both cases the ligninolytic enzyme systems of both fungi were found to be responsible for 2,4,6-TCP transformation. 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-hydroquinol and 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone were found as products of primary oxidation of 2,4,6-TCP by intact fungal cultures and purified ligninolytic enzymes, Mn-peroxidases and laccases of both fungi. However, primary attack of 2,4,6-TCP in P. tigrinus culture was conducted mainly by Mn-peroxidase, while in C. versicolor it was catalyzed predominantly by laccase, suggesting a different mode of regulation of these enzymes in the two fungi.  相似文献   
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