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1.
Abstract The recent development of automatically operating, inexpensive vertical-looking radar (VLR) for entomological purposes has made it practical to carry out routine, automated monitoring of insect aerial migration throughout the year. In this paper we investigate whether such radars might have a role in monitoring and forecasting schemes designed to improve the management of the Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens , and of associated rice pest species in China. A survey of the literature revealed that these insects typically migrate at altitudes between 300 to 2 000 m above ground level, but calculations based on BPH radar scattering cross-sections indicated that the maximum altitude at which they individually produce signals analysable by current VLRs is only ˜ 240 m. We also show that coverage over most of the flight altitudes of BPH could be achieved by building a VLR using a wavelength of 8.8 mm instead of the 3.2 cm of existing VLR, but that such a radar would be expensive to build and to operate. We suggest that a more practical solution would be to use a 3.2 cm VLR as a monitor of the aerial movement of the larger species, from which the migration of rice pests in general might be inferred.  相似文献   
2.
Environmental data produced throughout monitoring activities in the framework of the implementation of Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) in Eastern Mediterranean (Greece) were used to assess the sensitivity and response of ecological indices against trace metals, eutrophication and multiple stress factors. The applied ecological indices include multi-metric eutrophication indices, a physicochemical status index applied for the first time in the Greek marine area, benthic indices, phytoplankton biomass index, and integrated status indices assessed through the application of the decision tree integration scheme. To investigate the exceedances in the eco-stoichiometric relationship between nutrients, considered a stressing factor, all physicochemical elements influenced directly or indirectly by eutrophication, such as nutrient concentrations, water transparency, oxygen saturation, particulates concentration, and sediment organic content, were related to ecological indices. Also, chemical contaminant stress factors represented by heavy metal concentrations in the water, as well as multiple stress factors represented by a pressure index, were related to ecological indices. A graphical visualization multivariate tool and statistical correlations were used to evaluate the sensitivity or explanatory power of the tested ecological indices against single and multiple stress factors. Results showed a strong response of all ecological indices to stress factors, although a diversification of sensitivity was evident. Primary production-related indices, i.e., macroalgae and chlorophyll-a indices, are more sensitive to particulates and nitrogen, while secondary production-related indices, i.e., benthic macroinvertebrates indices and eutrophication indices, including nutrients, are more sensitive to phosphates in the water column. The macroalgae index shows the strongest sensitivity to multiple stress factors. Among metals, mostly cadmium seems to match all indices⿿ performance. Nutrient relationships were shown as critical to eutrophication and ecological status.  相似文献   
3.
探地雷达探测堤坝白蚁巢研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
徐兴新  李栋 《昆虫学报》1996,39(1):46-52
消除堤坝白蚁隐患的关键是找出白蚁的主巢穴。我们通过试验,证明应用探地雷达技术能够准确地确定出蚁巢在地下的空间位置,并掌握了蚁巢的影像特征和蚁巢规模大小的计算方法。这种方法具有很高的工作效率和几何分辨率,且以直观的图像实时显示,有较高的推广价值和发展前景。  相似文献   
4.
目的观察叶酸缺乏斑马鱼胚胎的背主动脉(DA)发育情况,初步探讨叶酸缺乏后胚胎DA发育异常的机理。方法采用将二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)功能阻断的方法构建叶酸缺乏斑马鱼模型,分别应用DHFR抑制剂甲氨蝶呤(MTX)以及DHFR基因knock-down技术处理斑马鱼胚胎。在胚胎发育至48 hpf时在显微镜下观察胚胎的整体发育情况,在60 hpf时应用荧光显微造影的方法观察胚胎的背主动脉发育状况。利用胚胎整体原位杂交和real-time PCR的方法检测影响DA发育的关键因子ephrinB2、Ang-1和Radar的表达情况,利用TUNEL法检测胚胎底索的凋亡情况。结果MTX处理组胚胎以及DHFR knock-down组胚胎有相似的胚胎发育异常表型。荧光显微造影显示叶酸缺乏组胚胎的DA发育异常。叶酸缺乏组胚胎的ephrinB2、Ang-1和Radar表达减弱,底索凋亡增加。结论叶酸缺乏可导致斑马鱼胚胎背主动脉发育异常,其机理与ephrinB2、Ang-1和Radar的表达减弱以及底索凋亡增加有关。  相似文献   
5.
在2007年7~9月江淮稻区稻纵卷叶螟大发生期间,利用多普勒昆虫监测雷达在南京市浦口区对稻纵卷叶螟成虫的迁飞活动进行了监测,结合大气风温场的数值模拟,研究了稻纵卷叶螟成虫的空中飞行参数和种群迁飞动态。结果表明:稻纵卷叶螟多选择在黄昏18:30以后大规模起飞,空中虫群密度在20:00~22:00时最大,迁飞过程可持续到次日5:00;稻纵卷叶螟主要选择在500m以下高度飞行。空中虫群具有聚集成层的现象,虫层多在100~500m高度之间形成,有时形成两个虫层,成层现象与低空急流关系密切,与温度没有直接关系。迁飞过程分析表明,浦口区的六(4)代稻纵卷叶螟在台风、副热带高压和江淮气旋的影响下,先后出现了多次迁入迁出过程。低压系统外围的下沉气流很可能是稻纵卷叶螟两次集中迁入的主要原因。  相似文献   
6.
Summary Although carbonate buildups host important hydrocarbon reservoirs and industrial minerals, relatively little is known about their three-dimensional architecture. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR, “Georadar”) studies provide the opportunity to reconstruct both their internal anatomy and external geometry. This short paper reports an initial attempt to map some Upper Jurassic sponge/algal buildups in the Upper Jurassic of SW-Germany using georadar. Several distinct radar facies types can be distinguished and calibrated to lithofacies in adjacent quarry outcrops. Mapping of the radar facies types reveals the potential to reconstruct the distribution of “buildup” versus other facies. Moreover, it highlights the need of obtaining more closely spaced radar lines in order to arrive at a high-resolution image.  相似文献   
7.
迁飞过程中昆虫的行为   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
根据国内外对昆虫迁飞的雷达观测结果,综述了迁飞过程中昆虫的成层、定向和集聚行为及其生态学意义。昆虫在迁飞过程中不完全是被动地随风飘流,而是在一定程度上自主地选择了自己的运行轨迹。它们选择在气温最高、风力最大和风向最适的高度成层,并通过定向进一步修饰位移方位,从而可最大限度地利用空气动力到达新的栖息地。同时,不同尺度的大气辐合过程使得迁飞昆虫集聚成足以在某种条件下引起局地爆发的高密度种群,而地面大发生种群形成与否取决于大气辐合的发生频率、强度和寿命,以及集聚起来的昆虫是否降落,在何时何地降落,是否还会再迁出等。阐明昆虫在迁飞过程中的各种行为机制是迁飞性害虫测报和防治的关键所在。  相似文献   
8.
近年来,可用于昆虫迁飞研究且可自动运行的垂直波束雷达(vertical-looking radar,VLR)的发展使得对迁飞性害虫的周年长期自动监测成为可能。本文提供了我们对能否将这种雷达应用于中国的褐飞虱和其他水稻害虫的监测与预测体系以改善其综合治理的可行性研究结果。以往的研究已经表明,这些害虫一般在300—2000m高度迁飞;而我们根据褐飞虱的雷达和射有效截面的计算结果表明,目前使用的3.2cm波长的VLR对褐飞虱个体目标的最大可检测高度仅约240m;虽然建造一部8.8mm波长的VLR即可覆盖褐飞虱迁飞高度的绝大部分,但其造价和维护费用均过于昂贵。为此,一个更可行的解决方案是,以3.2cm波长的VLR作为包括大多数水稻害虫在内的个体较大的迁飞性害虫的监测工具。  相似文献   
9.
侯芳  程金花  王通簙 《生态学报》2022,42(5):1766-1776
滨河带是河流生态系统和森林生态系统的过渡带,该区域林分的土壤优先流特征对流域的地表水文过程会产生重要影响。探究土壤异质性与优先流的关系,为当地地下水安全和河流上下游水生态安全提供参考。本研究以永定河滨河带的藤本和次生乔木林两种植被为研究对象,结合传统亮蓝(Brilliant Blue FCF)染色示踪法,利用探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR)技术进行测线扫描。提取探地雷达图像的单道波形图,对反射波各参数与染色面积比进行拟合,并结合优先流染色特征进行分析。染色形态特征表明,藤本样地土壤染色形态呈现断离式零散分布,优先流发育带为土壤表层以下5—30 cm的土层深度,而次生乔木林土壤呈现大面积斑块状分布,优先流发育较为迟缓,其发育带为土壤表层以下10—25 cm的土层深度,且平均染色面积比藤本小1.68%。探地雷达测线表明,土层深度为0—15 cm时,最大振幅和总振幅面积均随土层的深度增加而下降,土层深度为15—35 cm时,两参数开始波动变化,且藤本样地的最大振幅和总振幅面积大于次生乔木林样地。经拟合发现,染色面积比与最大振幅呈y=25.104lnx+2...  相似文献   
10.
用10cm波长海岸警戒雷达观测候鸟飞经海州湾时的速度、高度、方向以及季节和昼夜数量变化。探讨候鸟春秋季飞经海州湾时的迁徙类型。  相似文献   
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