全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16738篇 |
免费 | 2437篇 |
国内免费 | 328篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 598篇 |
2022年 | 496篇 |
2021年 | 1159篇 |
2020年 | 1370篇 |
2019年 | 1881篇 |
2018年 | 1250篇 |
2017年 | 816篇 |
2016年 | 734篇 |
2015年 | 945篇 |
2014年 | 1475篇 |
2013年 | 1772篇 |
2012年 | 797篇 |
2011年 | 927篇 |
2010年 | 505篇 |
2009年 | 599篇 |
2008年 | 563篇 |
2007年 | 572篇 |
2006年 | 535篇 |
2005年 | 431篇 |
2004年 | 349篇 |
2003年 | 313篇 |
2002年 | 251篇 |
2001年 | 152篇 |
2000年 | 127篇 |
1999年 | 113篇 |
1998年 | 112篇 |
1997年 | 83篇 |
1996年 | 75篇 |
1995年 | 78篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 55篇 |
1992年 | 59篇 |
1991年 | 49篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2017,24(7):1609-1613
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association of “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups with incidence of breast cancer.MethodsIn this study, we identified 70 research documents from data based search engines including “PubMed”, “ISI-Web of Knowledge”, “Embase” and “Google Scholar”. The research papers were selected by using the primary key-terms including “ABO blood type”, “Rhesus” blood type and “breast cancer”. The research documents in which “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood types and breast cancer was debated were included. After screening, we reviewed 32 papers and finally we selected 25 research papers which met the inclusion criteria and remaining documents were excluded.ResultsBlood group “A” has high incidence of breast cancer (45.88%), blood group “O” has (31.69%); “B” (16.16%) and blood group “AB” has (6.27%) incidence of breast cancer. Blood group “A” has highest and blood group “AB” has least association with breast cancer. Furthermore, “Rhesus +ve” blood group has high incidence of breast cancer (88.31%) and “Rhesus –ve” blood group has least association with breast cancer (11.68%).ConclusionBlood group “A” and “Rhesus +ve” have high risk of breast cancer, while blood type “AB” and “Rhesus –ve” are at low peril of breast cancer. Physicians should carefully monitor the females with blood group “A” and “Rh +ve” as these females are more prone to develop breast cancer. To reduce breast cancer incidence and its burden, preventive and screening programs for breast cancer especially in young women are highly recommended. 相似文献
2.
Dan Liu Xiao-Xue ZhangDong-Yi Wan Bi-Xin XiDing Ma Hui WangQing-Lei Gao 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) has been supposed to be correlated with the metastasis and poor prognosis of several malignancies. However, the effect of SIX1 on the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells and the underlying mechanisms were still unclear to date. Here we report that SIX1 can promote α5β1-mediated metastatic capability of cervical cancer cells. SIX1 promoted the expression of α5β1 integrin to enhance the adhesion capacity of tumor cells in vitro and tumor cell arrest in circulation in vivo. Moreover, higher expression of SIX1 in tumor cells resulted in the increased production of active MMP-2 and MMP-9, up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-XL and BCL2) and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes (BIM and BAX), thus promoting the invasive migration and anoikis-resistance of tumor cells. Importantly, blocking α5β1 abrogated the regulatory effect of SIX1 on the expression of these genes, and also abolished the promotional effect of SIX1 on invasive capability of tumor cells. Furthermore, knock-down of α5 could abolish the promoting effect of SIX1 on the development of metastatic lesions in both experimental and spontaneous metastasis model. Therefore, by up-regulating α5β1 expression, SIX1 not only promoted the adhesion capacity, but also augmented ECM-α5β1-mediated regulation of gene expression to enhance the metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells. These results suggest that SIX1/α5β1 might be considered as valuable marker for metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells, or a therapeutic target in cervical cancer treatment. 相似文献
3.
Casimiro Cárdenas Ana R. Quesada Miguel Ángel Medina 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
The present study aims to identify the modulatory effects of kahweol, an antioxidant diterpene present in coffee beans, on a panel of human tumor cell lines. Kahweol inhibits tumor cell proliferation and clonogenicity and induces apoptosis in several kinds of human tumor cells. In the estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB231 human breast cancer, the mentioned effects are accompanied by caspases 3/7 and 9 activation and cytochrome c release. On the other hand, kahweol increases the production of reactive oxygen species and their cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells but not in normal cells. Taken together, our data suggest that kahweol is an antitumor compound with inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth and survival, especially against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. 相似文献
4.
Victoria Lladó David J. López Maitane Ibarguren María Alonso Joan B. Soriano Pablo V. Escribá Xavier Busquets 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2014
This review summarizes the cellular bases of the effects of NaCHOleate (2-hydroxyoleic acid; 2OHOA; Minerval) against glioma and other types of tumors. NaCHOleate, activates sphingomyelin synthase (SGMS) increasing the levels of cell membrane sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) together with reductions of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The increases in the membrane levels of NaCHOleate itself and of DAG induce a translocation and overexpression of protein kinase C (PKC) and subsequent reductions of Cyclin D, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDKs 4 and 6), hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, inhibition of E2F1 and knockdown of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) impairing DNA synthesis. In addition in some cancer cells, the increases in SM are associated with Fas receptor (FasR) capping and ligand-free induction of apoptosis. In glioma cell lines, the increases in SM are associated with the inhibition of the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, in association with p27Kip1 overexpression. Finally, an analysis of the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) database for glioma patient survival shows that the weight of SM-related metabolism gene expression in glioma patients' survival is similar to glioma-related genes. Due to its low toxicity and anti-tumoral effect in cell and animal models its status as an orphan drug for glioma treatment by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) was recently acknowledged and a phase 1/2A open label, non-randomized study was started in patients with advanced solid tumors including malignant glioma. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy. 相似文献
5.
目的:分析血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平检测在肺癌诊断及疗效评估中的临床价值,探讨其与肺癌的相关性。方
法:采用化学发光免疫法检测78 例肺癌患者、50 例肺部良性疾病及50 例健康体检者血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平,比
较治疗前后肺癌患者肿瘤标志物水平的变化。结果:肺癌组血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平较对照组、肺良性疾病组均显
著升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ-Ⅳ期肺癌患者各肿瘤标志物水平均较Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者明显升高(P<0.05);四项联合检测的敏感性为79.5 %,明显
高于CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 任一单项肿瘤标志物的敏感性(P<0.05);随着疗效的下降,血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE
水平逐渐升高(P<0.05)。结论:肺癌患者血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平呈高表达状态,且其表达水平与肺癌病情程度密
切相关,联合检测有助于提高肺癌诊断的敏感度及指导治疗方案选择。 相似文献
6.
目的:探讨不同临床病理特征的乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌的分子亚型分布特点。方法:回顾性分析309例乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌患者的临床资料,根据患者年龄、绝经情况、组织学分级和淋巴结转移情况分组,每组再根据免疫组化雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)结果分为4种不同的分子亚型,分析各组中不同分子亚型的分布特点。结果:309例乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌中Lumina A型为137例(44.3%),Lumina B型为64例(20.7%),HER-2/neu型为63例(20.4%),basal cell-like型为45例(14.6%)。不同年龄段、绝经与否、不同组织学分级和淋巴结转移情况患者的分子亚型差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:非特殊型浸润性癌的分子亚型以Luminal A型为主,其中异型性高,转移广泛的basal cell-like型的年龄分布呈现年轻化趋势。 相似文献
7.
目的:探讨胃癌淋巴结微转移及临床病理因素对p T1-4aN1-3M0期胃癌患者术后5年无瘤生存率的影响。方法:选取我院2009年1月至12月期间胃肠外科单一手术组行D2胃癌根治术p T1-4aN1-3M0期患者63例1427枚HE染色阴性淋巴结,应用免疫组化法检测这些淋巴结中CK19表达,观察微转移的情况并分析发生微转移的胃癌患者临床病理特征及对患者5年无瘤生存率的影响。结果:临床病理分期p T1-4aN1-3M0胃癌患者中,经免疫组化染色,1427枚HE常规染色阴性淋巴结中CK19阳性表达率为15.49%(221/1427);63例胃癌患者中CK19表达阳性率39.68%(25/63);术后随访时间5.6~68.5月(平均时间43.88月),淋巴结中CK19阴性表达、阳性表达患者的总5年生存率分别为52.63%、28.00%;两者无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义(x2=8.677,P=0.003)。淋巴结CK19阳性表达与胃癌患者的肿瘤直径(P0.05)、浸润胃壁深度(P0.05)有关。COX生存回归分析显示淋巴结微转移为独立预后因素。25例患者发现淋巴结微转移并推荐再分期,再分期率39.68%(25/63)。结论:p T1-4aN1-3M0期胃癌病人,CK-19免疫组化法染色能检出常规HE染色阴性淋巴结中的微转移,有助于细化分期、判断预后及指导治疗。 相似文献
8.
目的:研究Rac1和Cdc42在人乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集339例人乳腺癌组织样本,通过免疫组化的方法检测Rac1和Cdc42的表达情况,并分析其与乳腺癌临床病理学特征间的相关性。结果:Rac1和Cdc42在正常乳腺组织中几乎不表达,而在肿瘤组织的阳性表达率分别为35.9%和38.5%,均较正常乳腺组织显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.001和P0.05)。卡方检验分析表明,二者的表达与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、HER2状态无关(P0.05),而与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤侵袭、ER状态和Ki-67表达有相(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,Rac1和Cdc42的表达与高TNM分期(r分别为0.443和0.295;P均0.001)、淋巴结转移阳性(r均为0.480和0.562;P均0.001)、肿瘤侵袭(r分别为0.412和0.440;P均0.001)、ER阴性表达(r分别为-0.517和-0.342;P均0.001)以及Ki-67高表达(r分别为0.338和0.454;P均0.001)呈正相关。结论:在乳腺癌组织中,Rac1和Cdc42作为癌基因表达增加,可能在乳腺癌恶性进程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
9.
目的:探讨血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ(PGⅠ/Ⅱ)、铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha联合检查诊断胃癌的临床意义。方法:选择2013 年5
月至2014 年10 月收治的胃病住院患者及健康体检者,根据胃镜及病理组织学结果,将其分良性胃病组、胃癌组以及健康组,比
较三组血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ、铁蛋白及肿瘤坏死因子-alpha水平,分析血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ(PGⅠ/Ⅱ)、铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha单
独和联合诊断胃癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果:与健康组比较,良性胃病组以及胃癌组的血清PGⅠ/Ⅱ水平较低(P<0.05),
与良性胃病组比较,胃癌组血清PGⅠ/Ⅱ水平较低(P<0.05);与健康组比较,良性胃病组以及胃癌组的血清铁蛋白以及TNF-alpha水
平较高(P<0.05),与良性胃病组比较,胃癌组血清铁蛋白以及TNF-alpha水平较高(P<0.05)。PGⅠ/Ⅱ、铁蛋白以及TNF-alpha联合检测
诊断胃癌的敏感度以及准确度分别为88.4%以及83.1%,高于单一检测。结论:血清PGⅠ/Ⅱ、血清铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha联合
检测诊断胃癌的效能优于单一检测。 相似文献
10.
目的:探讨应用腹水传代培养Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌细胞系建立wistar大鼠胫骨癌痛模型的可行性。方法:将体重180-200g Wistar大鼠随机分为三组:正常对照组(Control组)、假手术组(Fake组)、接种Walker256乳腺癌细胞组(Model组)。Model组为将含1×10~8个/m L Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌细胞悬液20μL注入Wistar大鼠胫骨上段骨髓腔制备的骨癌症疼痛模型。Fake组经微量进样器注射等量的生理盐水入骨髓腔;Control组则不进行手术接种,分别于手术后数天(post-cancer cell implantation day,PID)PID 0 d、7 d、14 d及21 d摄片检查手术侧胫骨,观察大鼠的疼痛行为学变化,PID 0 d、7 d及14 d行胫骨HE染色。结果:PID 7 d摄片检查提示骨密度不均一,HE染色见大量肿瘤细胞浸润、骨小梁破坏,PID 14 d Model组均与Fake组、Control组行为学方面有显著的统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:应用腹水传代培养Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌细胞系可以建立wistar大鼠胫骨癌痛模型。 相似文献