中药联合微生态制剂防治呼吸、消化系统病毒病

本文阐述了中药防治病毒病的历史及其应用概况,中药联合微生态制剂防治呼吸、消化系统病毒病的理论依据、临床应用和发展前景。     

Synergistic effect of green tea extract and probiotics on the pathogenic bacteria, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus pyogenes</Emphasis>

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a commercial green tea extract (TEAVIGO™) on the microbial growth of three probiotic strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), as well as three pathogenic bacteria. MIC and co-culture studies were performed. The MICs of the green tea extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (100 μg ml⁻¹) were considerably lower than those against the probiotic strains tested (>800 μg ml⁻¹) and Escherichia coli (800 μg ml⁻¹). In co-culture studies, a synergistic effect of the probiotic strains and the green tea extract was observed against both Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes. Green tea extract in combination with probiotics significantly reduced the viable count of both pathogens at 4 h and by 24 h had completely abolished the recovery of viable Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes. These reductions were more significant than the reductions induced by probiotics or green tea extracts used separately. These results demonstrate the potential for combined therapy using the green tea extract plus probiotics on microbial infections caused by Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes. As probiotics and the green tea extract are derived from natural products, treatment with these agents may represent important adjuncts to, or alternatives to, conventional antibiotic therapy.     

肠内营养支持联合益生菌促进重症急性胰腺炎患者恢复的临床机制研究

目的阐述益生菌联合肠内营养支持对改善重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道微生态以及粘膜屏障功能的临床应用价值。方法选取我院收治的100例重症急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。观察组患者接受益生菌制剂联合肠内营养,对照组患者仅接受肠内营养,持续2周。比较两组患者的血浆生化指标、胃肠道功能、肠粘膜屏障功能、并发症发生率、病死率及住院时间。收集两组患者的粪便,检测菌群变化。结果在治疗第7 d,观察组患者的白细胞数和血浆生化指标明显低于对照组。治疗第14 d,观察组生化检测指标均明显低于对照组。胃肠道功能评分方面,治疗第7、14 d,观察组评分均较对照组明显降低；治疗第7 d、14 d,两组患者血浆MDA、ET、CRP水平和尿L/M均出现明显下降,观察组较对照组下降更明显；观察组的总体并发症发生率及住院时间与对照组比较,具有统计学差异。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,经过14 d治疗后观察组患者大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的数量明显低于对照组。对照组病人双歧杆菌和乳酸菌数量明显高于对照组。结论肠内营养治疗联合益生菌有利于促进重症急性胰腺炎肠道功能的恢复,值得在临床上应用推广。     

Anti-salmonella properties of kefir yeast isolates: An in vitro screening for potential infection control

The rise of antibiotic resistance has increased the need for alternative ways of preventing and treating enteropathogenic bacterial infection. Various probiotic bacteria have been used in animal and human. However, Saccharomyces boulardii is the only yeast currently used in humans as probiotic. There is scarce research conducted on yeast species commonly found in kefir despite its claimed potential preventative and curative effects. This work focused on adhesion properties, and antibacterial metabolites produced by Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces unisporus isolated from traditional kefir grains compared to Saccharomyces boulardii strains. Adhesion and sedimentation assay, slide agglutination, microscopy and turbidimetry assay were used to analyze adhesion of Salmonella Arizonae and Salmonella Typhimurium onto yeast cells. Salmonella growth inhibition due to the antimicrobial metabolites produced by yeasts in killer toxin medium was analyzed by slab on the lawn, turbidimetry, tube dilution and solid agar plating assays. Alcohol and antimicrobial proteins production by yeasts in killer toxin medium were analyzed using gas chromatography and shotgun proteomics, respectively. Salmonella adhered onto viable and non-viable yeast isolates cell wall. Adhesion was visualized using scanning electron microscope. Yeasts-fermented killer toxin medium showed Salmonella growth inhibition. The highest alcohol concentration detected was 1.55%, and proteins with known antimicrobial properties including cathelicidin, xanthine dehydrogenase, mucin-1, lactadherin, lactoperoxidase, serum amyloid A protein and lactotransferrin were detected in yeasts fermented killer medium. These proteins are suggested to be responsible for the observed growth inhibition effect of yeasts-fermented killer toxin medium. Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces unisporus have anti-salmonella effect comparable to Saccharomyces boulardii strains, and therefore have potential to control Salmonella infection.     

微生态制剂预防儿科ICU抗生素相关性腹泻的临床观察

目的 探讨在儿科ICU住院患儿中应用微生态制剂预防抗生素相关性腹泻的效果。方法 对符合研究的580例入住PICU的患儿,随机分为预防组和对照组,预防组在常规治疗基础上加用微生态制剂（金双歧）常规剂量口服或经鼻饲管给药直至出院,观察2组之间发生抗生素相关性腹泻的差异显著性。结果 580例分为预防组286例,对照组294例,腹泻预防组的发生率为5.24%,对照组的发生率为12.93%,预防组的发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论 儿科ICU住院患儿常规加用微生态制剂可以很好地预防抗生素相关性腹泻。其机制认为与微生态制剂具有保持肠道微生态平衡、提高局部和全身的免疫功能有关。     

益生菌--新型免疫调节剂

介绍益生菌与宿主消化道免疫系统的关系,益生菌免疫调节作用机理的研究进展,以及益生菌作为免疫调节剂的应用前景。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合热毒宁注射液治疗手足口病的疗效观察

【摘 要】 目的 观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片（商品名：爽舒宝）联合热毒宁注射液治疗手足口病的临床疗效。方法 将81例手足口病患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组41例,对照组40例,两组均给予中成药热毒宁注射液对症综合治疗。其中治疗组在治疗的同时加用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,1周岁以下,0.70 g/次,1周岁以上,1.05 g/次,3次/d,温水送服,疗程为7 d或治愈为止。对两组患儿疱疹、食欲、体温变化情况及食欲不振等并发症进行统计分析。结果 治疗组起效快,疱疹和腹泻消失时间、食欲和体温恢复正常时间显著短于对照组,且痊愈率、总有效率均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论 凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合热毒宁注射液治疗手足口病疗效显著,具有积极的临床意义。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防先兆流产保胎妇女胃肠功能紊乱的临床观察

目的观察凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片（商品名：爽舒宝）预防先兆流产保胎妇女胃肠功能紊乱的临床疗效。方法将60例先兆流产保胎妇女随机分为爽舒宝预防组和对照组,预防组30例,对照组30例,两组均给予常规服用保胎药物,出现顽固性便秘后用开塞露通便,其中预防组在此基础上同时口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片首次2. 1 g,以后1.05 g/次,3次/d,温水送服,疗程2-4周。观察保胎期间孕妇胃肠功能紊乱情况和使用开塞露的通便次数。结果预防组患者胃肠功能紊乱的发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05 ）。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防先兆流产保胎妇女胃肠功能紊乱疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

肠道微生物群落与炎症性肠病关系研究进展

目的炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）,以持续性肠道非特异性炎症为特征,通常反复发作、迁延不愈,临床上仍无特效性的治疗手段。IBD确切的发病机制尚不清楚,涉及免疫、环境及遗传等因素,这些因素共同诱导肠道炎症、黏膜损伤和修复。肠道微生物群落及其代谢产物、宿主基因易感性及肠道黏膜免疫三方面共同参与了IBD的发病机制。本文从消化道微生态角度出发,对目前IBD相关的肠道微生物群落研究现状、宿主-微生物间免疫应答及益生菌治疗等内容进行探讨。