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排序方式: 共有319条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
PurposeIn 2010, approximately 14.9 million babies (11.1%) were born preterm. Because preterm infants suffer from an immature thermoregulatory system they have difficulty maintaining their core body temperature at a constant level. Therefore, it is essential to maintain their temperature at, ideally, around 37 °C. For this, mathematical models can provide detailed insight into heat transfer processes and body-environment interactions for clinical applications.MethodsA new multi-node mathematical model of the thermoregulatory system of newborn infants is presented. It comprises seven compartments, one spherical and six cylindrical, which represent the head, thorax, abdomen, arms and legs, respectively. The model is customizable, i.e. it meets individual characteristics of the neonate (e.g. gestational age, postnatal age, weight and length) which play an important role in heat transfer mechanisms. The model was validated during thermal neutrality and in a transient thermal environment.ResultsDuring thermal neutrality the model accurately predicted skin and core temperatures. The difference in mean core temperature between measurements and simulations averaged 0.25±0.21 °C and that of skin temperature averaged 0.36±0.36 °C. During transient thermal conditions, our approach simulated the thermoregulatory dynamics/responses. Here, for all infants, the mean absolute error between core temperatures averaged 0.12±0.11 °C and that of skin temperatures hovered around 0.30 °C.ConclusionsThe mathematical model appears able to predict core and skin temperatures during thermal neutrality and in case of a transient thermal conditions.  相似文献   
2.
杨泽艳  吴素凤  蒋淑珍 《生物磁学》2011,(17):3342-3345
目的:探讨早期联合干预对脑损伤早产儿智能及运动发育的影响。方法:80例存在脑损伤的早产儿随机分为干预组与对照组,每组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗与保健指导,干预组在此基础上联合神经节苷脂治疗与早期康复训练,定期随访两年,观察比较患儿纠正胎龄40周时神经行为评分(NBNA),智力及运动发育情况。结果:干预组患儿纠正胎龄40周NBNA评分为33.04±1.12.对照组NBNA评分为30.95±0.88,两组间差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);干预组MDI与PDI指数分别于9月龄始和6月龄始显著高于对照组(P〈0.01或0.05);1岁时进行Gesell智力发育检查,干预组大运动、精细动作、适应性、语言、个人一社会交往等五个能区情况均明显好于对照组(P〈0.01);干预组17.5%的后遗症发生率显著低于对照组32.5%的发生率(P〈0.01)。结论:联合旱期干预治疗可有效促进脑损伤早产儿神经系统功能修复,改善智能及运动发育,减少后遗症发生。  相似文献   
3.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). 116 patients with PCAD (58 with MetS and 58 without MetS) and 119 controls were included in the study. CRP gene + 1059 G>C polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Serum hs-CRP was measured using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Carriers of C allele of the CRP + 1059 G>C polymorphism had 3.37 fold increased risk to develop MetS in patients with PCAD. In addition CRP gene and hs-CRP levels were independent risk factors for PCAD and MetS. The present study provides new evidence that the presence of CRP + 1059 G>C polymorphism and hs-CRP levels are independent determinants of PCAD and MetS in Egyptians. The results of our study suggest a synergistic effect of CRP C allele with classical risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and MetS.  相似文献   
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5.
The picture depicts the different 3d‐printed organs, thorax, lungs, heart and bone. Assembled it is used as an optical phantom of a preterm infant for performing percutaneous optical measurements of the gas content in the lungs. In order to simulate the optical properties of the tissue, the heart and thorax can be filled with liquid phantoms, a mixture of Intralipid and Indian Ink. Further details can be found in the article by Jim Larsson et al. ( e201700097 ).

  相似文献   

6.
目的:探讨呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)早产儿血清维生素A(VA)、降钙素原(PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年2月~2018年5月期间青岛市妇女儿童医院收治的90例RDS早产儿纳入观察组,根据RDS分级将观察组分为轻度组48例,中重度组42例。另选取同期于本院出生的非RDS早产儿35例作为对照组。根据血清VA水平将125例早产儿分为VA缺乏组(n=72),亚临床VA缺乏组(n=36),正常组(n=17)。比较观察组与对照组、轻度组与中重度组早产儿血清VA、PCT、TNF-α及CRP水平,比较不同血清VA水平早产儿的RDS发病情况,分析观察组早产儿血清VA与PCT、TNF-α及CRP水平的相关性。结果:观察组早产儿血清VA水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),而观察组早产儿血清PCT、TNF-α、CRP明显高于对照组(P0.05)。中重度组早产儿血清VA水平与轻度组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而中重度组早产儿血清PCT、TNF-α、CRP水平明显高于轻度组(P0.05)。随着血清VA水平的升高,RDS发病率逐渐降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,观察组早产儿血清VA与PCT、TNF-α及CRP水平无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:RDS早产儿血清VA与PCT、TNF-α及CRP水平均存在明显异常,但四者无明显相关性,血清VA相对较低者更易发生RDS,临床可通过及时干预VA水平以降低RDS的发生风险。  相似文献   
7.
目的:探讨孕妇生殖道B族链球菌(GBS)感染与胎膜早破(PROM)的关系及其对母婴预后和新生儿听力筛查的影响。方法:选取2017年1月到2019年1月期间在我院接受治疗的PROM患者100例作为PROM组,另选取同期住院的正常妊娠孕妇100例作为对照组,PROM组患者根据是否合并GBS感染分为GBS阳性组和GBS阴性组。比较PROM组和对照组的GBS阳性率,比较GBS阳性组和GBS阴性组早产、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿肺炎、产褥感染的发生率及新生儿听力筛查的通过率。结果:PROM组的GBS阳性率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。GBS阳性组早产、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿肺炎、产褥感染的发生率均明显高于GBS阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),GBS阳性组在初筛和复筛时听力筛查通过率均低于GBS阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:孕妇生殖道GBS感染与PROM密切相关,并可增加不良妊娠结局发生的风险,在一定程度上影响了新生儿的听力功能,对母婴预后造成不良影响。  相似文献   
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9.
Tail raising by baboon mothers toward immigrant males   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Behavioral responses of adult females to recently immigrated adult males were examined in two groups of chacma baboons in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Botswana. Mothers carrying infants respond negatively by raising their tails, avoiding, and screaming when in proximity to immigrant males. These responses are not given by mothers when their infants are away from them or by females who do not have infants. Also, the negative responses by mothers carrying infants are given only to immigrant males and not to long-term resident males. These observations are in concordance with the growing evidence of infanticide in savanna baboon societies: mothers would be expected to show negative responses to potentially aggressive males, particularly immigrants. There was evidence to suggest that mothers respond negatively to immigrants only insofar as these males could not have sired their infants. If confirmed by subsequent observations, this result would lend support to the sexual selection model of infanticide.  相似文献   
10.
目的:分析极低/超低出生体重儿败血症的临床特征、病原菌及药物敏感情况,为其早期诊断及治疗提供参考。方法:对2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日阜阳市人民医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)确诊的82例早产极低/超低出生体重儿败血症的临床表现、实验室检查、病原菌及药敏情况进行回顾性分析。结果:极低/超低出生体重儿败血症以早发型(≤7天)为主,晚发型以院内感染为主,临床表现缺乏特异性,实验室检查中白细胞、血小板出现减低,C反应蛋白和降钙素原增高。病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其次为革兰阳性菌和真菌。药敏结果显示革兰阴性菌对三代头孢、氨苄西林类抗生素100%耐药,对加他唑巴坦的抗生素耐药率较低,对碳氢酶烯类抗生素敏感。革兰阳性菌对β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、氨基糖甙类及克林霉素等耐药率较高,对万古霉素、利奈唑烷敏感。82例败血症患儿中,死亡6例,死亡率为7.3%。结论:早产极低/超低出生体重儿败血症缺乏特异性临床表现,且发病率高,应密切观察患儿临床表现及动态监测其C反应蛋白、血小板等的变化,同时及时完善细菌培养及药敏试验,有效合理使用抗生素,以减少多重耐药菌株产生,改善患儿预后。  相似文献   
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