Takotsubo cardiomyopathy shortly following pacemaker implantation—case report and review of the literature

We describe a patient with acute heart failure shortly after pacemaker implantation. With the documentation of typical dyskinesia of the apical segments with hyperdynamic contractility of the basal segments and a normal coronary angiogram, pacemaker implantation-induced Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was diagnosed. Supportive care was administered and within several days the patient’s symptoms resolved. After several weeks, the left ventricular function had fully recovered. A review of the literature on Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after pacemaker implantation is presented.     

腹膜透析病人的预后影响因素

在我国,终末期肾脏病的发病率逐年增加,相应地,腹膜透析病人的数量也在不断增长。明确腹膜透析病人预后的影响因素是临床医师亟待解决的重要课题。尿毒症毒素的积蓄可对腹膜透析病人的心血管系统产生不良作用,影响病人的生活质量。腹膜透析充分性的相关指标对于预测病人的生存率也有一定的指导意义。此外,腹膜炎的发生可使超滤量明显下降,增加病人的死亡率。合并症可能通过加重病人的营养不良状态、促进炎症水平,影响病人的预后。因此,重视病人的尿毒症毒素水平、透析充分性指标与合并症情况,积极防治腹膜炎,将有助于改善腹膜透析病人的预后。     

镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术对多发性肋骨骨折患者术后疼痛、呼吸功能及肺部感染的影响

目的:探讨多发性肋骨骨折患者采用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月期间我院收治的97例多发性肋骨骨折患者。按照不同的治疗方法将患者分为对照组(n=47)和研究组(n=50),对照组患者给予胸部护板外固定术,研究组患者给予镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术。比较两组患者术后7 d的临床疗效,比较两组术前、术后7 d疼痛程度及呼吸功能情况,记录两组术后并发症发生情况。结果:研究组患者治疗后总有效率为92.00%(46/50),高于对照组患者的76.60%(36/47)(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d视觉疼痛模拟评分量表(VAS)评分均较术前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d最大自主通气量占预计值百分比(MVV%)较术前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后7 d第1秒用力呼气肺活量占预计值百分比(FEV1%)比较无差异(P0.05)。研究组患者术后并发症总发生率8.00%(4/50),低于对照组的23.40%(11/47)(P0.05)。结论:多发性肋骨骨折经镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术治疗安全、有效,可明显减轻患者术后疼痛及改善呼吸功能,临床应用价值较高。     

OSAHS风险对患者静脉麻醉术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的:探讨OSAHS风险与静脉麻醉手术患者术后发生认知功能障碍的关系。方法:采用No SAS评分对55例静脉麻醉手术患者进行OSAHS风险评估,并将其分为对照组23例(NoSAS 8分)和OSAHS组32例(No SAS≥8分),以蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对两组患者在术前和术后第一天进行认知功能评估,计算每位患者手术前后Mo CA评分的差值△Mo CA(术前MoCA-术后MoCA),比较两组患者手术前后的MoCA评分及△MoCA。结果:OSAHS组术前MoCA评分(25.83±1.80)明显低于对照组术前MoCA评分(28.05±1.31)(P0.05)。OSAHS组术后MoCA评分(25.13±1.64)较术前无明显变化(P0.05),对照组术后Mo CA评分(26.73±1.17)明显低于术前(P0.05)。OSAHS组△MoCA(0.39±1.03)明显低于对照组(1.32±1.08),主要表现为视空间与执行功能[(0.09±0.29) vs.(0.30±0.32)]、注意力[(0.09±0.60) vs.(0.47±0.70)]和延时回忆力[(0.17±0.39) vs.(0.47±0.51)]两方面(P0.05)。结论:OSAHS高风险患者静脉麻醉术后认知功能障碍的程度较OSAHS低风险人群显著降低。     

剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜下胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的早期临床疗效及对生活质量的影响

目的:通过与传统单侧胸腔镜技术对比,探讨经剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜下胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的早期临床疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法:收集2012年1月-2016年6月因重症肌无力就诊于我院行胸腔镜下胸腺切除的115例患者。根据患者的手术方式分为传统单侧胸腔镜组47例和剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜组68例,收集和比较两组患者的基本资料,包括性别、年龄、是否合并胸腺瘤、病程、随访时间、术前Osserman评分、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流时间、术后引流量、转入ICU时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症的发生情况、术后不同时间点的疼痛评分和生活质量评分及末次随访时的愈后情况。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别比例、胸腺瘤情况、病程、随访时间和术前Osserman评分均没有差异(P0.05)。三孔组手术时间、术中出血量、ICU停留时间和术后住院时间均短于或低于传统组(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症(膈神经麻痹、胸腔积液、伤口脂肪液化)发生率比较没有统计学差异(P0.05)。三孔组患者在术后3天内和出院时的疼痛评分均显著低于传统组(P0.05)。两组患者在末次随访时的有效率、术前、术后1年和末次随访时的生活质量评分(MGQOL-15评分)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在三孔组患者末次随访时,女性MGQOL-15评分改善量(11.2±3.3分)高于男性(7.4±2.7分)(P0.001)。Osserman评分3分和4分的患者MGQOL-15评分改善量(10.7±3.7分)显著高于Osserman评分2分的患者(5.0±1.9分)(P0.001)。结论:经剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜下切除胸腺治疗重症肌无力具有手术时间短、术中出血少、术后恢复快的特点,术后患者疼痛程度轻,生活质量改善明显。女性术后获益较男性更大。     

不同剂量右美托咪定静脉维持对重型颅脑损伤患者术后生命体征、免疫功能和血清神经细胞因子的影响

摘要 目的：观察不同剂量右美托咪定静脉维持在重型颅脑损伤患者中的应用价值。方法：选取2018年9月~2020年9月期间江苏大学附属宜兴市人民医院麻醉与重症医学科接收的重型颅脑损伤患者96例,根据随机数字表法分为三组：A组（右美托咪定剂量为0.3μg/kg?h）、B组（右美托咪定剂量为0.5 μg/kg?h）和C组（右美托咪定剂量为0.7 μg/kg?h）,各32例。观察三组患者不同时间点的生命体征、免疫功能、镇静镇痛情况、血清神经细胞因子,记录三组不良反应发生情况。结果：B组、C组术后24 h、术后72 h的心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）、平均动脉压（MAP）低于A组（P<0.05）。B组、C组术后24 h、术后72 h的Ramsay镇静评分、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于A组（P<0.05）。B组、C组术后24 h、术后72 h的CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于A组（P<0.05）。B组、C组术后24 h、术后72 h的神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、中枢神经特异性蛋白（S100β）低于A组（P<0.05）。C组的不良反应总发生率高于A组、B组（P<0.05）。结论：重型颅脑损伤患者术中给予右美托咪定剂量为0.5 μg/kg?h、0.7 μg/kg?h维持,可有效维持患者生命体征平稳,促进患者免疫功能和血清神经细胞因子水平改善,但0.7 μg/kg?h剂量的右美托咪定使用后不良反应发生率相对更高。     

两种途径介入治疗急性心肌梗塞疗效分析

目的：探讨对急性心梗患者行不同途径急诊经皮冠状动脉治疗（PCi）的临床疗效及预后。方法：选取我院自2011年1月至2012年12月收治的75例sT段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象进行回顾性调查,对比分析经桡动脉PCI（TRA—Pet）和经股动脉PCI（TFA—PCI）两组治疗疗效及出现并发症情况,包括比较两组穿刺成功率,手术时间,术中出血及术后局部及其他并发症等方面,并作统计分析,取P〈0．05为有统计学意义。结果：两组穿刺成功率及PCI手术成功率差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05。在手术操作时间上,TFA—PCI组明显长于TRA—PCI组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。TFA．PCI组局部并发症发生率为11．8％．远期并发症为2．9％。TRA-PCI组局部并发症发生率为2．4％,远期并发症为7．3％,两组差别显著,P〈0．05。结论：TRA—PCI和TFA—PCI在手术时间及术后并发症上有差异,TRA—PCI术中花时间较少,术后局部并发症要轻,值得在临床上推广,但是由于有远期并发症的危险,故术后应加强肝肾功能等的监测。     

地佐辛在神经外科术后镇痛的应用体会

目的：探讨地佐辛用于神经外科患者术后镇痛的效果和安全性。方法：将64例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行神经外科手术患者随机分为两组,术后均以静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,其中A组（34例）用地佐辛,B组（30例）用舒芬太尼,观察两组镇痛、镇静效果及不良反应。结果：术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h视觉模拟评分（VAS）和不良反应发生率A组明显低于B组（P〈0.05）,Ramsay评分明显高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论：地佐辛用于神经外科患者术后镇痛确切,不良反应少。     

Long-term performance of the St Jude Riata 1580–1582 ICD lead family

Objective

Safety concerns about the Riata ICD shock lead were recently raised, with insulation failure due to conductor externalisation. Its incidence and presentation were assessed, and predictors of insulation failure and lead survival of the Riata 1580–1582 were studied, retrospectively, before the official recall.

Methods

All 374 patients at the Erasmus Medical Center between July 2003 and December 2007 with a 1580, 1581 or 1582 shock lead.

Results

The majority of the patients were male (78 %), with a median age of 60 years (IQR 52–70); primary prevention in 61 %. Median follow-up was 60.3 months (IQR 35.5–73.2), with 117 (31 %) patients dying. Electrical abnormalities (mainly noise, 65 %) were observed in 20/257 patients (7.8 %). Definite conductor externalisation was confirmed with fluoroscopy or chest X-ray in 16 patients, and in one after extraction. One patient presented with a drop in the high-voltage impedance trend with a short circuit of the ICD system during defibrillation testing, and needed to be shocked externally. In 8 more patients, conductor externalisation was found during an elective procedure. No predictors of externalisation could be found, except for the use of single coil (p = 0.02). Median time to conductor externalisation was 5 years (IQR 3.1–6.2). Lead externalisation was observed in 5.4 % (95 % CI 3.1–9.3) at 5 years and 22.7 % (95 % CI 13.6–36.6) at 8 years.

Conclusion

A high incidence of insulation defects associated with conductor externalisation in the Riata ICD lead family is observed. The mode of presentation is diverse. This type of insulation failure can lead to failure of therapy delivery.     

Cardiac surgery in 260 octogenarians: a case series

Background

The elderly undergo cardiac surgery more and more frequently, often present multiple comorbidities, assume chronic therapies, and present a unique physiology. Aim of our study was to analyze the experience of a referral cardiac surgery center with all types of cardiac surgery interventions performed in patients ≥80 years old over a six years’ period.

Methods

A retrospective observational study performed in a university hospital. 260 patients were included in the study (3.5% of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the study period).

Results

Mean age was 82 ± 1.8 years. Eighty-five percent of patients underwent elective surgery, 15% unplanned surgery and 4.2% redo surgery. Intervention for aortic valve pathology and coronary artery bypass grafting were performed in 51% and 46% of the patients, respectively. Interventions involving the mitral valve were the 26% of the total, those on the tricuspid valve were 13% and those on the ascending aortic arch the 9.6%. Postoperative low output syndrome was identified in 44 patients (17%). Mortality was 3.9% and most of the patients (91%) were discharged from hospital in good clinical conditions. Hospital mortality was lower in planned vs unplanned surgery: 3.8% vs 14% respectively. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 9.106, CI 2.275 – 36.450) was the unique independent predictor of mortality.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware that cardiac surgery can be safely performed at all ages, that risk stratification is mandatory and that hemodynamic treatment to avoid complications is expected.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2253-15-15) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.