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Oyster reef restoration projects are increasing in number both to enhance oyster density and to retain valuable ecosystem services provided by oyster reefs. Although some oyster restoration projects have demonstrated success by increasing density and biomass of transient fish, it still remains a challenge to quantify the effects of oyster restoration on transient fish communities. We developed a bioenergetics model to assess the impact of selected oyster reef restoration scenarios on associated transient fish species. We used the model to analyze the impact of changes in (1) oyster population carrying capacity; (2) oyster population growth rate; and (3) diet preference of transient fish on oyster reef development and associated transient fish species. Our model results indicate that resident fish biomass is directly affected by oyster restoration and oyster biomass, and oyster restoration can have cascading impacts on transient fish biomass. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of a favorable oyster population growth rate during early restoration years, as it can lead to rapid increases in mean oyster biomass and biomass of transient fish species. The model also revealed that a transient fish's diet solely dependent on oyster reef‐derived prey could limit the biomass of transient fish species, emphasizing the importance of habitat connectivity in estuarine areas to enhance transient fish species biomass. Simple bioenergetics models can be developed to understand the dynamics of a system and make qualitative predictions of management and restoration scenarios.  相似文献   
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Summary In the progenies of the crosses between disomics and trisomies, two plants were isolated which carried an extra chromosome that was unlike any in the standard complement. The plants were not alike; while one carried a metacentric, the other had a telocentric extra chromosome. Their detailed structure and possible modes of origin are discussed.  相似文献   
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Sensitivity to and requirement for iron in Plantago species   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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光照、盐分和埋深对无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)和条叶车前(Plantago lessingii)种子萌发的影响研究结果显示,无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子为萌发需光性种子。随着盐(NaCl)浓度的增加,2种植物种子的发芽率呈直线下降趋势(P<0.01),但以条叶车前下降较为缓慢。当盐分浓度为0.4 mol.L-1时,2种植物种子皆不能萌发。低浓度的盐分促进胚根的生长,高浓度则表现为抑制作用;盐分对胚芽的生长则一直起抑制作用。2种植物种子发芽率随埋深的增加而减小,当埋深>2 cm时不能萌发。  相似文献   
6.
H. Fleer  E.J. Verspohl   《Phytomedicine》2007,14(6):409-415
An ethanolic spissum extract of the aerial parts of Plantago lanceolata L. was examined for antispasmodic activity on isolated ileum and trachea of the guinea-pig. Isolated constituents were investigated as well. The P. lanceolata extract inhibited the contractions of the guinea-pig ileum that were induced by various agonists such as acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, potassium and barium ions. Additionally the trachea contractions induced by barium ions were inhibited. The compounds luteolin, acteoside, plantamajoside an catalpol peracetate but not catalpol, isoacteoside, lavandulifolioside and aucubin inhibited the ACh-induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum. Luteolin and acteoside reduced the barium-induced contractions of the guinea-pig trachea. Two recently isolated compounds did not show antispasmodic activity: luteolin-3',7-diglucuronide and beta-hydroxy-acteoside.  相似文献   
7.
Abstract

Recent work, based on morphological and cytotaxonomical information, claimed the independence of Plantago brutia Ten., a narrow endemic of South Italy, with respect to Plantago media L. Here, we present a further evaluation of the systematic relationships occurring between these two taxa as revealed by molecular studies. We sampled P. brutia in most of the known populations and P. media in several European stands, from Sweden to the Iberian Peninsula and Balkans. We then investigated the relationships among the sampled populations by using as molecular markers the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2. Furthermore, we considered cpDNA to gain further insight into the relationships among P. brutia/P. media populations. Based on nrDNA data, P. brutia appeared to be nested within the P. media complex, but as a well distinct subunit. This is congruent with a subspecific rank for this taxon within P. media. The cpDNA revealed the occurrence of several haplotypes in the studied material. Most of the assessed haplotypes were exclusive for single populations and thus phylogenetically uninformative. Nonetheless, we have found some haplotypes that are shared by different cytotypes or populations throughout the species range, suggesting possible explanations for the phylogenetic relationships occurring between P. brutia and the autopolyploid complex P. media.  相似文献   
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四种植物粘液繁殖体粘液的比较研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
对百里香(Thymus serpyllum)、平车前(Plantago depressa)、盐生车前(P.maritima)、野亚麻(Linum stelleroides)进行了粘液繁殖体粘液情况比较.以在水浸和浇水条件下植物种子粘沙量的多少衡量粘液量.结果表明,对于不同浸水时间处理,野亚麻和平车前未表现明显差异,盐生车前和百里香有随浸泡时间加长而粘液溶出量增多的趋势.对于不同浇水量处理,4种植物均有随浇水量增多而粘液增多的倾向.浸泡80min后,盐生车前种子的粘液粘沙使重量达原重的60多倍,平车前种子达原重的10倍左右,百里香和野亚麻种子达原重的4~6倍左右.浇水8mm后,盐生车前种子的粘液粘沙使重量达原重的20多倍,平车前种子达原重的6~10倍左右,百里香和野亚麻种子达原重的2~7倍左右.将各种处理平均,得到各种植物粘沙种子百分率为:野亚麻67.7%,百里香94.5%,平车前97.7%,盐生车前99.5%.  相似文献   
10.
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