Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski's horse (E. pmewalskii)

Primer sequences flanking 13 microsatellite loci isolated from the domestic horse (E. caballus) were successfully used to amplify homologous loci in the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). The results demonstrate that the level of polymorphism at all 13 loci in the Przewalski's horse was comparable to that in the domestic horse and the overall exclusion probability in the Przewalski's horse was calculated to be 0.9994. The results suggest that it should be possible to use E. caballus-derived microsatellite markers to provide parentage verification and additional valuable information to the captive management of E. przewalskii. The ability to amplify corresponding loci in the remaining five species of the genus was also confirmed, illustrating the general application of markers isolated from the domestic horse to the evaluation of polymorphism in the other six species of the genus.     

青海沙蜥种群密度调查的一种新方法

在2002年9月,分别利用洞穴深度法、标志重捕法和洞口计数法对分布在若尔盖草原荒漠中的青海沙蜥(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)的种群密度进行调查,所得的结果分别是190.4、76.8和250.7只.1000 m-2。通过对3种结果的比较与分析,证明洞穴深度法有较高的可靠性,这种方法的理论依据是:沙蜥(Phrynocephalus)是一种变温动物,不能长时间处在温度低于致死低温(-2.5℃)以下的环境中,为了能够成功地度过漫长而寒冷的冬季,它必须居住在深度达到最大冻土层之下的洞穴中。这是沙蜥躲避低温伤害的一种行为机制。该方法可以适用于分布在中国的沙蜥属的其它物种密度调查。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the toad‐headed lizards,Phrynocephalus przewalskii complex

To assess mechanisms of hybridization and speciation, we isolated and characterized 12 dinucleotide microsatellite DNA loci for the toad‐headed lizards, Phrynocephalus przewalskii complex. A total of 48 specimens were examined and all loci were polymorphic with seven to 25 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.282 to 0.946 and 0.400 to 0.937, respectively. These loci are therefore suitable for a wide range of population level studies within the P. przewalskii complex.     

青海湖裸鲤生长特征的研究

对2002年5月—2003年7月采自青海湖的1174尾青海湖裸鲤样本年龄进行了耳石鉴定,并依据年龄推算了生长率。青海湖裸鲤体长与体重的关系为:W=0.000174×L2.4990(♀)、W=0.0000402×L2.7538(♂),雌、雄个体生长差异显著。其体长Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=551.9301(1-e-0.0711(t 0.3044))(♀),Lt=682.8688(1-e-0.0530(t 0.4240))(♂);体重Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Wt=1237.3431(1-e-0.0711(t 0.3044))2.4990(♀),Wt=2567.3242×(1-e-0.0530(t 0.4240))2.7538(♂)。其雌、雄生长拐点分别为12.57龄和18.67龄。     

强光照和全黑暗条件下荒漠沙蜥视网膜内GAP-43表达的免疫组织化学

采用免疫组织化学技术研究了在强光照和全黑暗条件下荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus prezewalskic)视网膜内生长相关蛋白GAP-43的表达变化。结果表明,在正常光照条件下,视网膜内GAP-43阳性表达部位主要存在于内网层;强光照条件下,GAP-43免疫染色部位主要出现在内网层、节细胞层和内核层的部分细胞核。在全黑暗条件下,在视纤维层和内网层呈阳性染色;提示视网膜在不同环境条件下GAP-43的不同定位,可能与其在相应的环境下参与不同的视觉功能有关。     

甘西鼠尾草化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱及其他分离手段从甘西鼠尾草中分离得到12个化合物,根据化合物理化性质和波谱数据分别鉴定为:丹参酮ⅡA(1)、丹参酮Ⅰ(2)、丹参内酯(3)、隐丹参酮(4)、丹参酸甲酯(5)、间羟基苯甲醛(6)、迷迭香酚(7)、异迷迭香酚(8)、紫丹参甲素(9)、紫丹参乙素(10)、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ(11)、丹参新醌甲(12)。其中化合物7、8为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物6为首次从该属植物分离得到。     

Differences in Incubation Length and Hatchling Morphology among Five Species of Oviparous Phrynocephalus Lizards （Agamidae） from China

We incubated eggs of five Phrynocephalus species （P. albolineatus, P. axillaries, P. grumgrzimailoi, P. helioscopus and P. przewalskii） at three constant temperatures （24℃, 28℃ and 32℃） to examine differences in incubation length and hatchling morphology among species and among temperature treatments. We combined data from this study with those reported previously for P. frontalis and P. versicolor to examine whether embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor for interspecific variation in incubation length, and whether the phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is consistent with the relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data. Mean values for incubation length differed among the five species studied herein and, in all these five species, incubation length decreased at a decreasing rate as temperature increased. In none of the five species did hatchling size （snout-vent length and body mass） and other morphological variables differ among the three temperature treatments. The seven oviparous Phrynocephalus lizards found in China differ from each other in hatchling morphology, and embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor of inter- and intra-specific variation in incubation length. The phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is not always consistent with the currently known relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data. Data from this study and those reported previously allow the conclusion that any Phrynocephalus species may have its unique position along the axis defined by hatchling morphology.     

荒漠沙蜥活动期间的体温节律

爬行动物的体温依赖于外界热环境的变化,本研究以荒漠沙蜥（Phrynocephalus przewalskii）为对象,收集其冬眠前活动期间的体温与地面和离地10 cm的空气温度,研究爬行动物体温节律性变化与环境温度的关系。研究结果表明,荒漠沙蜥在环境温度高于20 ℃后开始外出活动,其体温随着地面温度和空气温度的上升而逐步上升,但在中午12:00时后体温会低于环境温度且维持在较高的水平,荒漠沙蜥活动期间的体温与地面温度和空气温度具有显著相关性。爬行动物在较短的时间内和较低的环境温度下能够迅速将体温调节至较高的水平,对于保障其充足的捕食时间、有效的逃避天敌和高效的消化功能具有重要意义。     

布哈河青海湖裸鲤鱼苗鱼卵的时空分布研究

2008年7月1日到10月7日,使用水文过河缆道及圆锥网接滤过式集苗器进行采样,对青海湖布哈河鱼类早期资源的时空分布进行了研究,以期了解青海湖裸鲤的自然繁殖状况,为其资源监测及生态保护提供基础性资料.结果表明:布哈河中鱼类早期资源种类单一,主要为青海湖裸鲤,采样期间有多次苗汛,主要苗汛出现于7月份,9月上旬仅有小规模苗汛;鱼苗平均密度3.17 ind.·m~(-3),最高达54 ind.·m~(-3);晚上鱼苗密度(22:00-22:10)与下午鱼苗密度(14:00-14:10)有显著性差异(df=98,P＜0.05);青海湖裸鲤的鱼卵在上层平均密度为0.075 ind.·m~(-3),下层平均密度0.175 ind.·m~(-3),两者亦存在显著性差异(df=10,p＜0.05);鱼苗的漂流运动主要集中在晚上;总体上看,鱼苗主要分布在河流上层,有近岸分布的趋势,而鱼卵则主要分布在河流下层,接近河流中央位置;鱼苗断面系数为0.43,鱼卵断面系数为2.32.     

荒漠沙蜥松果体褪黑激素含量的季节性变化

应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)-UV检测了不同季节荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)松果体内褪黑激素的含量.结果显示,其高峰值发生在春季,为1 017±209 pg/pineal.低峰值出现在冬季(实验室内冬眠,2～4℃),为355±68.5 pg/pineal,秋季的含量(735±133.7 pg/pineal)高于夏季的含量(597±94.9 pg/pineal).表明荒漠沙蜥松果体褪黑激素含量呈现明显的年周期节律并与光周期和生殖周期的年节律基本相符.