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1.
The goby Perccottus glehni is one of the most winterhardy species of fresh-water eurythermal fish. Study of grounds of biochemical adaptation of these animals to hibernation under conditions of ice, which are currently absent, are of undoubted interest for understanding of the nature of hypometabolic states. This work deals with a study of changes in the content of glucose and other free sugars in goby blood and muscle tissue under different physiological states: active, prehibernation, and arousal after experimental cooling to negative near-zero temperature. A relatively high glycemia level with fluctuation amplitude from 9.8 ± 2.1 to 24.4 ± 2.4 mmol/ml is revealed. The minimal value of these fluctuations is recorded at the period almost coinciding with the beginning of hibernation, while the maximal value-at the period of artificial termination of the three-month hibernation in ice at ?5°C. The high blood glycemia level correlating with that in the muscle tissue might probably be due to a peculiar, probably, protector role of this sugar in adaptive mechanisms of the studied fish, not much due to winter hypothermia, but rather to winter hibernation on ice. The level of disaccharide maltose in muscle tissue that is maximal in April is predominantly in reciprocal dependence on the fructose content that is maximal in July. Dynamics of changes in the mono- and disaccharide content depending on the stage of preparation for hibernation basically coincided with the previously revealed dynamics for the fresh-water mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis, which indicates homology of mechanisms of the low-temperature adaptation for animals of different phylogenetic levels.  相似文献   
2.
The effects of hypoxia (0.4 mg O2/L) for 2, 6 or 10 h and subsequent normoxic recovery on the levels of lipid peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls (CP), free thiols, and the activities of six antioxidant and associated enzymes were measured in the brain, liver, and skeletal muscle of the rotan Perccottus glenii. Hypoxia increased CP content in the brain (5.0–7.4-fold), liver (2.2–3.3-fold) and muscle (3.2–61-fold) relative to controls and the levels remained elevated during recovery. Lipid peroxide content rose within 2 h of hypoxia in all tissues examined with the most marked increase (8.7-fold) in the liver, but decreased again during longer hypoxic exposure except in the muscle. Levels of low-molecular mass thiols were transiently lowered after 2 h hypoxia in all tissues, but were higher compared with controls after longer hypoxic exposure and recovery. Hypoxia decreased protein thiol content in the liver and muscle that return to control levels during recovery. Experimental conditions affected enzyme activities in a different manner. Superoxide dismutase activity rose two-fold in the liver of hypoxic fish, and a similar tendency was seen in muscle glutathione-S-transferase. Activities of other enzymes were decreased or unchanged during hypoxia and elevated in some cases during normoxic recovery. Taken together, these data show that hypoxia resulted in the development of oxidative stress and a compensatory changes of antioxidant enzymes in the tissues.  相似文献   
3.
Since 1916, rotan (Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877) has widely distributed in northwestern Eurasia. In 1973–1976, rotan populations were first detected in the basin of the Irtysh River: in Lake Peschanoe (Mertvoe) of Chelyabinsk oblast in the basin of the Tobol, a tributary of the Irtysh. In 1975, this fish was introduced to one of the ponds of the city of Chelyabinsk. Analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of findings shows that earlier records of the fish correlate with the network of roads, and later findings, with the river network. The results of a special inspection of isolated and floodplain water bodies (n = 77) performed within Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Omsk, and Tyumen oblasts in 2006 indicate that at present this unwanted invader occurs in the major part of the Tobol basin. The northernmost finding of this species is from the floodplain of the Tobol in the vicinity of Tobolsk, from the Karachino oxbow (58°02′N, 68°10′E). Rotan has also been found at the Irtysh headwaters as well as in the basins of its other tributaries: Ishim and Om. The expansion of rotan threatens the floodplain water bodies of the middle Irtysh. This species carries diseases, competes with other fish species for food, and actively eats young fish of these species. Therefore, the data on rotan distribution in the tributaries of the Irtysh should be taken into account when analyzing the dynamics of the fish community of this river. Biology of rotan assumes its influence on the functioning of the natural foci of opisthorchiasis.  相似文献   
4.
The effects of temperature transition from 19 to 32 °C on oxidative stress indices and activities of the main antioxidant enzymes were investigated in the rotan, Perccottus glenii. Levels of lipid peroxides (LOOH), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), low- (L-SH) and high-molecular mass (H-SH) thiols and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in rotan brain, liver and muscle over 1–12 h of high-temperature exposure followed by 3 or 24 h lower (19 °C) temperature recovery. Heat shock exposure during 1 h transiently increased 1.5–3.2-fold LOOH levels in rotan tissues with subsequent suppression of their content; however, 12 h exposure again increased LOOH levels in the brain. TBARS content were elevated by 2–3-fold during the entire heat shock exposure in the brain and liver. Levels of both products of lipid peroxidation were generally near control values during return to 19 °C. L-SH content was lowered during heat shock exposure in the brain, transiently increased after 6 h in the liver and almost disappeared after longer treatment in the muscle. Liver H-SH content slightly decreased under heat shock exposure, but was elevated after 6 h in the brain and muscle. In the latter case, L-SH level was below control values during recovery. SOD activities increased 2-fold in the liver after 6–12 h heat shock. Liver catalase activities decreased at the same conditions. Generally, a quick response to suppression of lipid peroxidation and possible involvement of its products in the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes seem to be key adaptations to high temperature.  相似文献   
5.
In the first half of the 20th century small founder groups of the Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, have been transferred from their native range in the Far East to some regions of the European part of Russia. In order to investigate the consequences of the introductions, 15 Far East populations and 11 European populations, that originated from two transfers, were studied for their variability on two enzyme loci (Sod and Odh) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For both loci, divergence between populations and heterozygosity in the populations were higher in the colonized regions than in the native range. Heterozygote advantage in small founder populations seems to be a factor resisting genetic drift and determining the changes observed in the genetic structure of the introduced populations.  相似文献   
6.
温度适应对于动物的生存至关重要,而目前对于鱼类这样的外温动物的温度适应相关研究仍然缺乏。葛氏鲈塘鳢(Perccottus glenii)可以在结冰的环境中生存数天,而七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon aequifasciatus)是被广泛饲养的热带观赏鱼类,本研究将这2种鱼类作为冷水鱼与热带鱼的代表,探究其温度耐受性。为此,测定了它们的临界温度以及不同温度下(0 ~ 38 ℃)的心率,并利用原代细胞急性分离,结合膜片钳电生理技术与控温技术,测定了上述2种鱼类心肌电压门控钠离子通道在不同温度下的电生理特征。结果显示,葛氏鲈塘鳢和七彩神仙鱼的温度耐受范围具有较大差异,分别为﹣2.0 ~ 27.4 ℃以及13.1 ~ 39.3 ℃。葛氏鲈塘鳢的心率在0 ~ 19 ℃之间随着温度的升高而稳定升高,在19 ℃时达到最高,其后逐渐降低,这与葛氏鲈塘鳢心肌细胞上的电压门控钠离子通道在20 ℃时电流峰值最大且通道的开放概率最大这一电生理特征具有一致性。而七彩神仙鱼的心率则在14 ~ 31 ℃之间稳定升高,这与其心肌细胞电压门控钠离子通道电流峰值和开放概率在15 ~ 30 ℃的实验范围内随温度的升高而升高的电生理特性也一致。以上结果说明,这2种鱼类的心率、心肌细胞电压门控钠离子通道复合电流对于温度的响应与其自身的温度耐受范围以及原产栖息地温度紧密相关。因此,鱼类心肌细胞上的电压门控钠离子通道可能存在对温度的适应机制,保证鱼类循环系统在不同温度下正常运行。  相似文献   
7.
采用常规石蜡切片以及AB-PAS染色方法研究了葛氏鲈塘鳢(Perccottus glenii)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)以及泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)3种底栖淡水鱼类的皮肤黏液细胞类型以及分布,计数10个视野下(视野面积为43.5 μm × 32.6 μm)3种鱼类头部、背部、腹以及尾部皮肤的黏液细胞数量,并用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)比较鱼体4种黏液细胞数量差异。结果表明:(1)3种鱼类的主要黏液细胞不同,葛氏鲈塘鳢鱼体黏液细胞中Ⅲ型细胞居多,较Ⅰ型细胞多61.5%,较Ⅱ型细胞多85.8%,较Ⅳ型细胞多85.7%;在黄颡鱼体表,Ⅰ型黏液细胞分布数量最多,较Ⅱ型细胞多9.9%,较Ⅲ型细胞多15.1%,较Ⅳ型细胞多53.5%;而在泥鳅体表以Ⅱ型细胞数量最为丰富,较Ⅰ型细胞多88.3%,较Ⅲ型细胞多33.1%,较Ⅳ型细胞多83.5%。(2)对于葛氏鲈塘鳢,黏液细胞集中分布在头部,比背部黏液细胞数量多15.4%,比腹部黏液细胞数量多出38.0%,比尾部黏液细胞数量多56.7%;黄颡鱼以背部黏液细胞数量为多,比头部黏液细胞数量多42.5%,比腹部黏液细胞数量多46.6%,比尾部黏液细胞数量多51.4%;泥鳅也在背部具有丰富的黏液细胞,比头部黏液细胞数量多49.9%,比腹部黏液细胞数量50.6%。(3)3种鱼类之间的黏液细胞总数不同,泥鳅体表的平均黏液细胞数量最多,相较于葛氏鲈塘鳢多38.9%,较黄颡鱼多39.1%。研究结果表明,不同鱼类的鱼体表面黏液细胞种类不同,可能与其生活环境和鱼体本身的特性有关。  相似文献   
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