北京市通州区冬季流感样病例病毒病原谱特征分析

目的了解北京市通州区冬季流感样病例病毒病原谱特征,为制定科学有效的防控措施提供依据。方法采用多重实时荧光PCR法,对2016年11月-2017年2月采集的265份流感样病例的咽拭子样本,检测人流感病毒、副流感病毒、人偏肺病毒、博卡病毒、人冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒的核酸。结果本次检测中,任一病毒阳性率为36.60%,其中单一病毒感染占96.91%,混合感染占3.09%。单一病毒感染中,人流感病毒检出率最高(31.70%),其次为鼻病毒(2.26%)。2016年11月-2017年2月,不同月份病毒的总检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.780,P=0.619)。从年龄组成看,不同年龄组人群病毒的总检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.691,P=0.639),19~60岁组人群检出的病毒种类多于其他年龄组。结论 2016年11月-2017年2月,北京市通州区引起流感样病例的病毒并非只有流感病毒,也有鼻病毒、偏肺病毒、腺病毒等其他常见呼吸道病毒,建议加强常见呼吸道病毒的监测。     

肺癌合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布、耐药性分析及血清炎性因子检测的临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨肺癌合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布、耐药性分析及血清炎性因子检测的临床意义。方法：选取我院于2018年6月~2020年3月期间收治的肺癌合并肺部感染患者90例为感染组，选取同期我院收治的肺癌未合并肺部感染患者100例为肺癌组，选取同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者60例为对照组，对肺癌合并肺部感染患者的感染病原菌类型进行总结分析，分析常见病原菌药敏试验结果，统计病原菌耐药率。对比三组受试者的炎性因子水平。结果：90例肺癌合并肺部感染患者的送检痰液标本共检出100株病原菌，100株病原菌中以革兰阴性菌为主，其次为革兰阳性菌、真菌，分别占比63.00%、22.00%、15.00%。肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率较低，对氨苄西林、甲氨苄啶的耐药率均较高。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素的耐药率较高，对左氧氟沙星的耐药率较低。白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌对两性霉素B、氟康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑的耐药率均较低。感染组、肺癌组的血清白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均高于对照组，且感染组以上指标水平高于肺癌组（P<0.05）。结论：肺癌合并肺部感染患者体内病原菌种类繁多，对常见抗菌药物的耐药性存在差异，且患者体内存在较强的炎性反应，临床应根据药敏结果合理应用抗菌药物 。     

Synergistic effect of green tea extract and probiotics on the pathogenic bacteria, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus pyogenes</Emphasis>

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a commercial green tea extract (TEAVIGO™) on the microbial growth of three probiotic strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), as well as three pathogenic bacteria. MIC and co-culture studies were performed. The MICs of the green tea extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (100 μg ml⁻¹) were considerably lower than those against the probiotic strains tested (>800 μg ml⁻¹) and Escherichia coli (800 μg ml⁻¹). In co-culture studies, a synergistic effect of the probiotic strains and the green tea extract was observed against both Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes. Green tea extract in combination with probiotics significantly reduced the viable count of both pathogens at 4 h and by 24 h had completely abolished the recovery of viable Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes. These reductions were more significant than the reductions induced by probiotics or green tea extracts used separately. These results demonstrate the potential for combined therapy using the green tea extract plus probiotics on microbial infections caused by Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes. As probiotics and the green tea extract are derived from natural products, treatment with these agents may represent important adjuncts to, or alternatives to, conventional antibiotic therapy.     

Potential lactoferrin activity against pathogenic viruses

Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80-kDa globular glycoprotein with high affinity for metal ions, particularly for iron. This protein possesses many biological functions, including the binding and release of iron and serves as one of the important components of the innate immune system, where it acts as a potent inhibitor of several pathogens. LF has efficacious antibacterial and antiviral activities against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against both naked and enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. In its antiviral pursuit, LF acts predominantly at the acute phase of the viral infection or even at the intracellular stage, as in hepatitis C virus infection. LF inhibits the entry of viral particles into host cells, either by direct attachment to the viral particles or by blocking their cellular receptors. This wide range of activities may be attributed to the capacity of LF to bind iron and its ability to interfere with the cellular receptors of both hosts and pathogenic microbes.     

双歧啤酒对常见病原菌的拮抗作用

目的了解双歧啤酒对常见病原菌的拮抗效果及影响因素。方法采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）、琼脂打孔法和试管稀释法（MIC法）测定双歧啤酒及其处理物（加热、不同pH）对常见病原菌的抑菌作用,同时用某市售啤酒作为对照。结果双歧啤酒及其处理物均具有一定的抑菌活性。结论双歧啤酒对常见病原菌有一定的抑菌作用,抑菌活性强于市售啤酒。     

A New Approach to Undergraduate Biology

The use of a common pathogenic vegetable soft-rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora is recommended for school student investigations. Suggestions are made about simple ways in which quantitative data can be collected, as well as some suitable investigations that could be carried out by school pupils at Key Stage 4(15–16 years old) or Advanced level.     

猪肺炎支原体检测技术研究进展

猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)引起的一种存在于世界各地的严重危害养猪业的疾病,严重影响饲料报酬,造成巨大的经济损失。准确、敏感、快速的Mhp检测方法有助于了解Mhp在猪群的流行情况,进而采取相应的预防、治疗和综合防控措施。对国内外Mhp病原学、分子生物学和免疫学检测方法进行了综述,为科技工作者全面了解Mhp检测方法提供参考资料。     

安徽部分湖泊养殖鱼类暴发性出血病的病原分离与鉴定

目的确定引起安徽省部分湖泊养殖鱼类暴发性出血病的病原,为防治该病提供理论依据。方法随机取濒死期鲫鱼和白鲢的肌肉组织分别进行细菌和病毒分离培养,联合采用细菌表型鉴定法和16S rRNA基因序列分析法鉴定分离菌株,并使用分离菌株进行人工感染实验。结果从5尾患病鱼的肌肉组织中分离获得5株细菌,综合分离菌株的形态特征、理化特性和16S rRNA基因序列与系统发育学分析的结果,确定L1菌株为温和气单胞菌、L2菌株为维氏气单胞菌、J1、J2和L3菌株为嗜水气单胞菌。人工感染实验表明这5个气单胞菌分离株均具有较强的致病性。结论气单胞菌是该次鱼类暴发性出血病的病原,水温剧变、水质恶化和缺氧是疾病暴发的诱因,应采取改善环境、加强饲养管理、提高鱼体抵抗病力和及时杀灭病原体的综合措施防控该病。