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1.
The European Common Agricultural Policy still follows its primary goals, i.e. quality food at affordable prices and a decent standard of living for farmers, fifty years after its adoption. Moreover, this policy adapts to the changing needs of society and the new challenges, mostly preservation of the environment, nature and biodiversity in rural areas. Although the Common Agricultural Policy receives the largest share of European budget, the funds are decreasing over time, especially direct payments, which aim to provide basic income support to farmers in the European Union. On the other hand, agri-environmental payments are gaining importance. Policy decision-makers should be interested in the question of impacts of growing eco-conditionality of agricultural spending. New insights would help them to be successful in achieving the goals of sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impacts of production support payments and rural development payments on the quality of groundwater. We use the small EU country Slovenia as an example. The baseline indicators are the level of nitrates and pesticides in groundwater, while the impacts were estimated using spatial error model. The results show that direct payments, coupled subsidies and investment grants raise the level of pesticides in groundwater, but do not have any statistically significant impact on the level of nitrates in groundwater. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant effects of agri-environmental payments on decrease of groundwater pollution with nitrates. However, our findings revealed that agri-environmental payments are effective in reducing pesticides in groundwater, although only to a limited extent. These results imply a problem of insufficient targeting of agri-environmental measures on the one hand, and suggest that greening of direct payments is necessary and entirely justified.  相似文献   
2.
We introduce the computer tool “Know Your Samples” (KYSS) for assessment and visualisation of large scale proteomics datasets, obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) experiments. KYSS facilitates the evaluation of sample preparation protocols, LC peptide separation, and MS and MS/MS performance by monitoring the number of missed cleavages, precursor ion charge states, number of protein identifications and peptide mass error in experiments. KYSS generates several different protein profiles based on protein abundances, and allows for comparative analysis of multiple experiments. KYSS was adapted for blood plasma proteomics and provides concentrations of identified plasma proteins. We demonstrate the utility of the KYSS tool for MS based proteome analysis of blood plasma and for assessment of hydrogel particles for depletion of abundant proteins in plasma. The KYSS software is open source and is freely available at http://kyssproject.github.io/.  相似文献   
3.
目的:了解坦克部队官兵在野外驻训期间的膳食营养状况,为指导合理膳食提供参考依据。方法:膳食调查采用称重法,能量消耗采用生活观察法,体格检查指标包括体重和皮褶厚度。结果:每日人均禽肉、鱼虾、蔬菜等摄入水平未达到"军人食物定量"标准,而植物油摄入量则超过军标要求;VB1、VC、铁、锌、硒、碘等摄入量未达到"军人营养素供给量"标准要求;三大产能营养素供能比例不合理,脂肪摄入偏高,碳水化合物偏低;多数官兵野外驻训7 d后体重和皮褶厚度降低。结论:该部队在野外驻训期间膳食结构不够合理,部分营养素摄入量未达到军标要求,应调整膳食结构,改善官兵的营养状况。  相似文献   
4.
糖尿病肾病是糖尿病微血管并发症之一,亦是引起终末期肾脏病的主要原因。目前各种临床治疗手段并没有阻止糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的进行性减退。因此,当务之急是进一步研究糖尿病肾病的发病机制,并从中寻找新的治疗靶点。大量研究结果显示线粒体功能障碍在糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程中具有重要作用。正常线粒体功能的维持依赖于多方面因素的共同参与,如线粒体质量控制机制、线粒体DNA等。这篇综述回顾了关于线粒体与糖尿病肾病相关文献,阐述线粒体功能障碍在糖尿病肾病进展中可能的作用。  相似文献   
5.
目的:尝试用混合喂养法建立一种与临床相仿的成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型。方法:55只8周龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组10只(普通饲料喂养)和实验组45只(混合喂养),喂养2周后实验组剔除肥胖抵抗大鼠。每周记录大鼠体重,喂养9周后观察两组大鼠体重、体长、Lee's指数、空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂、葡萄糖耐量水平和肝脏组织病理改变。结果:喂养第9周末,实验组大鼠和对照组大鼠体重分别为(645.6±34.8)g和(483.3±31.5)g,Lee's指数分别为(326.3±24.2)和(302.7±19.8),组间比较有显著差异(P0.05)。实验组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、FPG、糖负荷后30、60、120分钟血糖均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。HE染色病理结果显示实验组大鼠肝脏均出现脂肪样变,而对照组未见明显变性。结论:本研究所应用的混合喂养法可以稳定成功地建立伴有葡萄糖耐量减低和高脂血症的成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型。  相似文献   
6.
7.
Primary caregivers for victims of chronic illness and or trauma experience both positive and negative emotional consequences. These are broadly classified as compassion satisfaction (CS) and compassion fatigue (CF). Because one of the components of CF, burnout, varies with chronotype and sleep quality, we assessed the influence of chronobiological features on the broader constructs of CS and CF. Responses from primary ambulatory care oncology staff working dayshifts were assessed for potential relationships of chronotype and sleep quality with CS and CF using the professional quality of life scale. These were analyzed further in a multivariate model that included personality and job satisfaction as cofactors. We found that sleep quality was a key contributor to CS development and CF reduction. Morningness was positively linked to CS, but the univariate association was masked in the multivariate model. Job satisfaction (contingent rewards, nature of work and operating procedures) heavily influenced CS and CF development. Agreeableness and openness showed positive correlations with CS and negative with burnout, while emotional stability was linked to reduced CF. While job satisfaction and personality predictably played roles in the development of CS and CF, sleep quality and chronotype contributed significantly to benefits and negative consequences of providing care.  相似文献   
8.
High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies generate millions of sequence reads from DNA/RNA molecules rapidly and cost‐effectively, enabling single investigator laboratories to address a variety of ‘omics’ questions in nonmodel organisms, fundamentally changing the way genomic approaches are used to advance biological research. One major challenge posed by HTS is the complexity and difficulty of data quality control (QC). While QC issues associated with sample isolation, library preparation and sequencing are well known and protocols for their handling are widely available, the QC of the actual sequence reads generated by HTS is often overlooked. HTS‐generated sequence reads can contain various errors, biases and artefacts whose identification and amelioration can greatly impact subsequent data analysis. However, a systematic survey on QC procedures for HTS data is still lacking. In this review, we begin by presenting standard ‘health check‐up’ QC procedures recommended for HTS data sets and establishing what ‘healthy’ HTS data look like. We next proceed by classifying errors, biases and artefacts present in HTS data into three major types of ‘pathologies’, discussing their causes and symptoms and illustrating with examples their diagnosis and impact on downstream analyses. We conclude this review by offering examples of successful ‘treatment’ protocols and recommendations on standard practices and treatment options. Notwithstanding the speed with which HTS technologies – and consequently their pathologies – change, we argue that careful QC of HTS data is an important – yet often neglected – aspect of their application in molecular ecology, and lay the groundwork for developing a HTS data QC ‘best practices’ guide.  相似文献   
9.
An increasing number of nuclear medicine departments are equipped with automated measurement systems for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, with the main aim of minimising technician's irradiation. However, the automatic measurement of the patient activity differs from the manual measurement in material and method. In this context, the objective of the present study was to test the performances of one of these systems, the Unidose by TRASIS®, in two newly equipped hospitals. The particularity of these systems is they are made up of two dose calibrators: the entrance calibrator (well chamber) and the exit calibrator (probe). Controls were performed on both of these dose calibrators. The results obtained, as well as the methodology employed, were then compared with the regulatory requirements in France. The results found are coherent between the two sites and have highlighted several non-conformities compared to the current regulations, part of which concerning the carpule dose calibrator, which is actually a probe. These results raise the question of a suitable regulation for the new automated measurement systems in nuclear medicine.  相似文献   
10.
Brown fibre cotton is an environmental‐friendly resource that plays a key role in the textile industry. However, the fibre quality and yield of natural brown cotton are poor, and fundamental research on brown cotton is relatively scarce. To understand the genetic basis of brown fibre cotton, we constructed linkage and association populations to systematically examine brown fibre accessions. We fine‐mapped the brown fibre region, Lc1, and dissected it into 2 loci, qBF‐A07‐1 and qBF‐A07‐2. The qBF‐A07‐1 locus mediates the initiation of brown fibre production, whereas the shade of the brown fibre is affected by the interaction between qBF‐A07‐1 and qBF‐A07‐2. Gh_A07G2341 and Gh_A07G0100 were identified as candidate genes for qBF‐A07‐1 and qBF‐A07‐2, respectively. Haploid analysis of the signals significantly associated with these two loci showed that most tetraploid modern brown cotton accessions exhibit the introgression signature of Gossypium barbadense. We identified 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fibre yield and 19 QTLs for fibre quality through a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and found that qBF‐A07‐2 negatively affects fibre yield and quality through an epistatic interaction with qBF‐A07‐1. This study sheds light on the genetics of fibre colour and lint‐related traits in brown fibre cotton, which will guide the elite cultivars breeding of brown fibre cotton.  相似文献   
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