Factors Affecting Work Ability in Day and Shift‐Working Nurses

Satisfactory work ability is sustained and promoted by good physical and mental health and by favorable working conditions. This study examined whether favorable and rewarding work‐related factors increased the work ability among European nurses. The study sample was drawn from the Nurses' Early Exit Study and consisted of 7,516 nursing staff from seven European countries working in state‐owned and private hospitals. In all, 10.8% were day, 4.2% were permanent night, 20.9% were shift without night shift, and 64.1% were shift workers with night shifts. Participants were administered a composite questionnaire at baseline (Time 0) and 1 yr later (Time 1). The Work Ability Index (WAI) at Time 1 was used as the outcome measure, while work schedule, sleep, rewards (esteem and career), satisfaction with pay, work involvement and motivation, and satisfaction with working hours at Time 0 were included as potential determinants of work ability. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted after adjusting for a number of confounders (i.e., country, age, sex, type of employment, family status, and other job opportunities in the same area). Work schedule was not related to Time 1 changes in WAI. Higher sleep quality and quantity and more favorable psychosocial factors significantly increased work ability levels. Higher sleep quality and quantity did not mediate the effect of work schedule on work ability. No relevant interaction effects on work ability were observed between work schedule and the other factors considered at Time 0. As a whole, sleep and satisfaction with working time were gradually reduced from day work to permanent night work. However, scores on work involvement, motivation, and satisfaction with pay and rewards were the highest in permanent night workers and the lowest in rotating shift workers that included night shifts.     

重症医学科护理质量与效率平衡的研究

??????? 目的 探索在保证护理安全的基础上提升护理工作效率的方法。 方法 按实施不同制度的时间段将患者分为A组和B组,A组实行三级责任护理管理制度;B组在实行三级责任护理管理制度并对现有病区进行合理分区的基础上,依据患者危重分级和护理人员分层来分配每个床单位的责任护士(双向分层管理制度),两组进行护理总时数、所护理的患者人数、不同危重分级患者的平均护理时数、同一患者不同危重分级平均天数等比较。 结果 B组中不同分层护理人员所护理的患者危重分级与护理时数成正比,但总护理时数相近,所护理人数随危重分级提高而减少,危重分级1级患者平均住院天数明显下降。 结论 双向分层管理组相对于三级责任护理管理组更能保证护理安全、提升护理工作效率。     

Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry

The experience of burnout has been the focus of much research during the past few decades. Measures have been developed, as have various theoretical models, and research studies from many countries have contributed to a better understanding of the causes and consequences of this occupationally‐specific dysphoria. The majority of this work has focused on human service occupations, and particularly health care. Research on the burnout experience for psychiatrists mirrors much of the broader literature, in terms of both sources and outcomes of burnout. But it has also identified some of the unique stressors that mental health professionals face when they are dealing with especially difficult or violent clients. Current issues of particular relevance for psychiatry include the links between burnout and mental illness, the attempts to redefine burnout as simply exhaustion, and the relative dearth of evaluative research on potential interventions to treat and/or prevent burnout. Given that the treatment goal for burnout is usually to enable people to return to their job, and to be successful in their work, psychiatry could make an important contribution by identifying the treatment strategies that would be most effective in achieving that goal.     

我院医务人员手部葡萄球菌携带调查及增多原因分析

目的调查我院医务人员手部葡萄球菌携带情况,查明其增多原因。方法将医务人员手部携带的部分金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌做了“８４”消毒剂定性杀菌试验、ＭＩＣ检测、β－内酰胺酶、耐甲氧西林检测,抗菌药物耐药谱、质粒酶切谱分型。结果发现我院医务人员手部金黄葡萄球菌、葡萄球菌携带率已分别从１９９２年的８７０％（１０／１１５）、３２１７％（３７／１１５）上升至１９９７年的３４０６％（７８／２２９）、６５９４％（１５１／２２９）,且７７９７％的菌株为ＭＲＳＡ（或ＭＲＣＮＳ）,各科室之间无同源菌株。全部试验菌株在“８４”消毒剂有效氯的含量为１００ｐｐｍ浓度时,１分钟内可将其全部杀灭。结论我院医务人员手部葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌逐年上升的因素为：①长时间使用“８４”消毒剂,导致了部分菌株对“８４”消毒剂敏感性降低;②医务人员不常洗手;③采用“８４”消毒剂洗手致手部粗糙,难以洗净。     

Absorbed dose in the operator’s brain in interventional radiology practices: evaluation through KAP value conversion factors

In order to address the recent concerns over a possible increasing in brain tumour mortality among interventional radiologists and cardiologist, this work evaluated the exposure conditions of the operator’s brain during interventional procedures using Monte Carlo simulations with anthropomorphic phantoms. The absorbed doses in several predefined segments of the operator’s brain were estimated in a typical interventional radiology irradiation scenario. The doses were normalized to the KAP values simulated for ten X-ray beam qualities and four projections (PA, RAO 25°, LAO 25° and CRA 25°). For the interventional radiology scenario, because of the position of the operator, no difference was found in the exposure between the left and right regions of the brain for the first operator. However, for the second operator standing at a farer distance from the tube, the exposure of the left part of the brain is up to two times higher than that of the right part. The results are in agreement with dose measurements reported in the literature. The conversion factors, obtained as the absorbed dose per KAP, can be used to obtain a first estimate of the exposure of the brain of the operators during interventional procedures.     

Eye lens exposure to medical staff during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

The paper presents a study of the radiation doses to eye lens of medical staff during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures performed in a busy gastroenterology department. For each procedure the dose equivalent to the eye, exposure time, dose rate, Kerma Area Product and fluoroscopy time were recorded. Measurements were performed for a period of two months in four main positions of the operating staff, and then extrapolated to estimate annual doses. The fluoroscopy time per ERCP procedure varied between 1.0 min and 28.8 min, with a mean value of 4.6 min. The calculated mean eye dose per procedure varied between 34.9 μSv and 93.3 μSv. The results demonstrated that if eye protection is not used, annual doses to the eye lens of the gastroenterologist performing the procedure and the anesthesiologist can exceed the dose limit of 20 mSv per year.     

医务人员工作倦怠与特质情绪智力相关关系的研究

目的 通过考察医务人员工作倦怠与特质情绪智力的相关关系,为探索改善医务人员工作倦怠状况的方法提供依据。方法 采用随机抽样的方式对552名医务人员进行工作倦怠和特质情绪智力问卷的调查。结果 (1)工作倦怠与特质情绪智力负性相关关系显著;(2)总体上,特质情绪智力对工作倦怠具有一定的负向预测作用。结论 可以通过对医务人员特质情绪智力的培养改善其工作倦怠感,培训方案的设计要注意整体性和全面性。

     

加强军队医院非现役编制医务人员卫生勤务保障能力的重要性

目的:调查军队医院非现役编制医务人员的军事素质和卫勤保障意识,探讨提升该群体卫勤保障能力的重要性和必要性,为军队医院卫勤管理提供参考。方法:采用问卷调查的方式对我院154名非现役编制医务人员进行调查,主要包括军事理论、卫生勤务、突发事件应急管理及战伤急救等,分析非现役编制医务人员缺乏的基本军事素质,并提出针对性的加强军队医院文职人员卫生勤务保障能力的可行性培训计划,在培训结束时对医护人员的军事素质进行测评。结果:问卷调查结果:非现役文职人员的军事素质评分为(3.70±0.46)、卫生勤务能力评分为(2.48±0.91)、突发事件应急管理评分为(2.61±0.53)、战伤急救技能评分为(2.42±1.02)。测评结果:军事理论知识评分为(4.11±1.04)、卫生勤务能力评分为(4.78±1.37)、突发事件应急意识评分为(4.56±0.56)、战伤急救技能评分为(4.68±0.91)。培训后,非现役医务人员的卫勤保障能力显著提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:非现役文职作为军队医院的聘用制人员已成为医务工作的主要力量,因此军队医院应加强非现役医务人员的卫生勤务保障能力,提高我军后勤医疗保障的坚固力量。