Pleistocene coral reefs associated with claystones, Southwestern Taiwan

 Scleractinian coral reefs, when coexistent with siliciclastic sediments, usually occur in association with deltaic or coastal sands. Nevertheless, Pleistocene reef limestones in southwestern Taiwan are developed in association with thick claystones that were deposited in a deeper-water environment. These reef limestones are characterized by: (1) rapid transition from underlying claystones upward to reefal limestones, (2) lateral interfingering with open-shelf claystones, (3) being overlain by terrestrial deposits or exposed with no covering strata, and (4) being located in close association with anticlines. The authors propose that these reef limestones developed on anticlinal ridges raised above the adjacent sea floor by thrust-front migration in a foreland setting. Accepted: 21 April 1998     

台湾海峡夏秋季游泳动物资源分布及群落结构

根据夏季和秋季在台湾海峡进行的底拖网调查数据,分析了台湾海峡游泳动物资源密度指数分布及群落结构.结果表明,台湾海峡夏季平均资源密度指数高于秋季,分别为8.50和6.94 kg·h-1;夏秋季出现游泳动物种类分别为80种和91种,秋季丰富度、多样性、均匀度均高于夏季,夏秋季平均多样性指数分别为2.0466和2.3964;相对重要性指数IRI大于200的优势种夏季有5种,为带鱼、发光鲷、短尾大眼鲷、花斑蛇鲻、中国枪乌贼,秋季有6种,为带鱼、七星底灯鱼、刺鲳、中国枪乌贼、蓝圆鯵、鹿斑鰒;夏季优势种的聚集强度比秋季强.     

A new species of the genus Laboulbenia (Laboulbeniales) on Ophionea indica (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Odacanthini) from Taiwan

Laboulbenia ophioneae is described as a new species with illustrations. It is closely related to Laboulbenia celestialis and Laboulbenia asiatica because of some similarities in the morphology of appendages and perithecia. The present species from the latter two species can be distinguished by the shorter, inflated perithecia, the shorter receptacles, and the appendages consisting of more or less darkly colored, broader branches. This new species was found on elytra of Ophionea indica from Taiwan, which has been also known as a host of Laboulbenia polymorpha. A mature thallus noticed by Terada (2004) on the slide 673b (M. Ishikawa collection) and a young thallus illustrated by Sugiyama (1978, fig. 1-G as L. polymorpha) on 673d (M. Ishikawa collection) are both identified as L. ophioneae.     

斑鳢肝脏解偶联蛋白2cDNA核心片断的克隆及分析

解偶联蛋白2（uncoupling protein 2,UCP2）可使氧化磷酸化解偶联。本研究首次成功从斑鳢（Channa maculata）肝脏通过简并引物克隆获得UCP2基因cDNA核心序列,该片段长502bp,编码167个氨基酸残基。使用vector NTI suite 6．0软件进行氨基酸同源性序列比较分析表明,斑鳢UCP2与真鲷、鲤鱼、草鱼、斑马鱼UCP2同源性高达91％、73％、72％、71％,与人、大鼠、小鼠UCP2同源性较高为70％、71％、70％。UCP2编码区在鱼类、哺乳类中均具有较高保守性,提示着脊椎动物UCP2可能在线粒体有氧呼吸代谢过程中承担某种最基本的生命功能。     

台湾、海南与大陆鸟类的亲缘关系

本研究利用过去的文献,整理台湾、海南和大陆鸟类的亲缘关系。结果发现,海南有78%的鸟类与大陆相同,有40%的鸟类与台湾相同。依此数据,显示海南成为岛屿的时间比台湾晚,与大陆鸟类的亲缘关系也比台湾较为密切。然当孤立成为岛屿之后,栖于岛上的鸟类,乃各自发展为地方特色。台湾仍保有一些古北界的寒带鸟类,不见于海南。海南则有一些东洋界的热带鸟类,也没有分布到台湾。     

Phylogeny,species diversity and biogeographic patterns of the genus Tricleocarpa (Galaxauraceae,Rhodophyta) from the Indo-Pacific region,including T. confertus sp. nov. from Taiwan

Among four different genera in Galaxauraceae, species diversity of the genus Tricleocarpa Huisman & Borowitzka is underestimated and requires further examination. In this study, we explored a molecular phylogeny of Tricleocarpa with an emphasis on Taiwan species and reassessed species diversity of the genus from the Indo-Pacific region based on analyses of rbcL and COI-5P sequences and morphological observations. The molecular analyses showed that species of Tricleocarpa examined are grouped into seven clades: six clades in the T. cylindrica group (the T. cylindrica complex, T. confertus, T. jejuensis, T. natalensis and two uncharacterized T. ‘cylindrica’ clades) and one clade as the T. fragilis group. Overall, at least 12 species in Tricleocarpa were detected from the Indo-Pacific region, including a new species, T. confertus S.-L. Liu & S.-M. Lin, from Taiwan. Among them, T. confertus can be separated from other species of Tricleocarpa by a thallus consisting of dichotomous or trichotomous, articulated and moniliform branches with smooth surfaces, constrictions at nodes and slightly anti-triangular in shape. The cystocarp morphology of T. confertus is similar to the T. cylindrica group by having paraphyses intermixing with gonimoblast filaments. Recognition of this new species from other species is also supported by the DNA-based, algorithmic species delimitation approaches. With the combination of molecular phylogeny and species diversity reassessment, our phylogeographic analysis supported a trend that species in the T. fragilis group are restricted in their distribution to subtropical and tropical areas whereas species in the T. cylindrica group have a wide distribution, ranging from temperate through to tropical areas.     

A Note on a Comparison of the Ocean Governance System Between Mainland China and Taiwan

With the increasing use of the oceans and coastal areas, there is a need to pay greater attention to and reexamine the issue of ocean governance. Through comparing the framework of ocean governance in mainland China with that in Taiwan in terms of legislation, administration, and law enforcement, this article establishes that there are advanced practices concerning ocean governance in Taiwan and lessons that may be applicable for mainland China.     

Maritime Legislation of Mainland China and Taiwan: Developments,Comparison, Implications,and Potential Challenges for the United States

In January 1998, Taiwan promulgated the Law of the Republic of China (ROC) on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone and the Law of the Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the Continental Shelf, both of which came into force on January 21, 1998. On June 26, 1998, China adopted the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf, which is the most significant maritime legislation since its 1992 Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. This article studies the recent maritime legislation developments in Mainland China and Taiwan, the differences and similarities between the two sets of laws, their implications for the Asia-Pacific region, and the potential challenges for the United States.     

The Potential Marine Pollution Threat from Oil and Gas Development Activities in the Disputed South China Sea/Spratly Area: A Role that Taiwan Can Play

This article examines the potential threat of marine pollution caused by offshore oil and gas development activities in the disputed areas of the South China Sea (SCS) and the Spratly Islands. After addressing the potential threat of marine pollution, it discusses the legal obligations and political commitment of the SCS littoral states regarding the protection of the marine environment in the area. The role that Taiwan can play in these matters is also examined.     

Pierce's Disease of Grapevines in Taiwan: Isolation,Cultivation and Pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa

Characteristic symptoms of Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) were observed in 2002 in the major grape production fields of central Taiwan. Disease severity in vineyards varied, and all investigated grape cultivars were affected. Diseased tissues were collected from fields for subsequent isolation and characterization of the causal agent of the disease (Xylella fastidiosa). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by artificially inoculating two purified PD bacteria to grape cultivars Kyoho, Honey Red and Golden Muscat. The inoculated plants developed typical leaf‐scorching symptoms, and similar disease severity developed in the three cultivars from which the bacterium was readily re‐isolated, proving that the leaf scorch of grapevines in Taiwan is caused by the fastidious X. fastidiosa. This confirmed PD of grapevines is also the first report from the Asian Continent. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by comparing the 16S rRNA gene and 16S‐23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region (16S‐23S ITS) of 12 PD strains from Taiwan with the sequences of 13 X. fastidiosa strains from different hosts and different geographical areas. Results showed that the PD strains of Taiwan were closely related to the American X. fastidiosa grape strains but not to the pear strains of Taiwan, suggesting that the X. fastidiosa grape and pear strains of Taiwan may have evolved independently from each other.