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The optical properties of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a scarce toxin with anesthetic properties, were studied using nanoparticle arrays-assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The nanoparticles arrays were fabricated using nanosphere lithography and a metallic lift-off process to control the particle size, shape, and spacing in the arrays. Using density functional methods, the Raman spectrum of TTX was also calculated with Gaussian03 software. The main peaks of the spectrum are originated from the vibration of the NH2 molecule group. In the SERS experiment, we were able to measure the Raman spectrum with a TTX concentration as less as 0.9 ng/mL. This sensitivity is comparable to that from high performance liquid chromatography.  相似文献   
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In this study, heparin-conjugated poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres (HCPNs) suspended in fibrin gel (group 1) were developed for a long-term delivery of BMP-2, and then used to address the hypothesis that a long-term delivery of BMP-2 would enhance ectopic bone formation compared to a short-term delivery at an equivalent dose. Fibrin gel containing normal PLGA nanospheres (group 2) was used for short-term delivery of BMP-2. The in vitro release of BMP-2 from group 1 was sustained for 4 weeks with no initial burst release. In contrast, 83% of BMP-2 loaded in group 2 was released only for the first 3 days. BMP-2 released from group 1 stimulated an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts for 9 days in vitro. In contrast, BMP-2 released from group 2 induced a transient increase in ALP activity for the first 5 days and a decrease thereafter. Importantly, group 1 induced bone formation to a much greater extent than did group 2, with 2.0-fold greater bone formation area and 3.5-fold greater calcium content, upon implantation into rat hind limb muscle. These results show that long-term delivery of BMP-2 enhances in vivo osteogenic efficacy of the protein compared to short-term delivery at an equivalent dose.  相似文献   
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Amelogenins are the dominant proteins present in ameloblasts during the early stages of enamel biomineralization, making up > 90% of the matrix protein. Along with the full-length protein there are several splice-variant isoforms of amelogenin present including LRAP (Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Protein), a protein that consists of the first 33 and the last 26 residues of full-length amelogenin. Using solution-state NMR spectroscopy we have assigned the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum of murine LRAP (rp(H)LRAP) in 2% acetic acid at pH 3.0 by making extensive use of previous chemical shift assignments for full-length murine amelogenin (rp(H)M180). This correlation was possible because LRAP, like the full-length protein, is intrinsically disordered under these solution conditions. The major difference between the 1H-15N HSQC spectra of rp(H)M180 and rp(H)LRAP was an additional set of amide resonances for each of the seven non-proline residues between S12* and Y12 near the N-terminus of rp(H)LRAP indicating that the N-terminal region of LRAP exists in two different conformations. Analysis of the proline carbon chemical shifts suggests that the molecular basis for the two states is not a cis-trans isomerization of one or more of the proline residues in the N-terminal region. Starting from 2% acetic acid, where rp(H)LRAP was monomeric in solution, NaCl addition effected residue specific changes in molecular dynamics manifested by the reduction in intensity and disappearance of 1H-15N HSQC cross peaks. As observed for the full-length protein, these perturbations may signal early events governing supramolecular self-assembly of rp(H)LRAP into nanospheres. However, the different patterns of 1H-15N HSQC cross peak perturbation between rp(H)LRAP and rp(H)M180 in high salt suggest that the termini may behave differently in their respective nanospheres, and perhaps, these differences contribute to the cell signaling properties attributable to LRAP but not to the full-length protein.  相似文献   
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为了制备并评价大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)重组干扰素γ(IFN-γ)聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(PBCA)纳米球,本研究利用蛋白质原核表达技术,获得了重组大熊猫IFN-γ蛋白,然后以PBCA为载药材料,采用乳化聚合法制备了大熊猫干扰素γ纳米微球(IFNγ-PBCA-NS),最后借助感染大熊猫流感病毒A/Panda/Sichuan/01/2011(H1N1)的昆明小鼠(Mus musculus)模型,通过灌胃和皮下注射药物初步评价了IFNγ-PBCA-NS的药效。结果表明,大熊猫IFN-γ的蛋白分子量约为33.5 ku,所制备的大熊猫IFNγ-PBCA-NS外观规整,粒径在50~200 nm之间,跨距0.55,大小较均匀,包封率为56.7%,载药量为0.86%。灌胃和注射两种给药途径中,IFNγ-PBCA-NS组小鼠的生命延长率均显著高于IFN-γ组(P0.05或P0.01)。显示IFNγ-PBCA-NS在小鼠体内有更好的缓释和抗病毒作用,可为进一步研究制备大熊猫多肽类药物微粒提供参考。  相似文献   
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This paper investigates in detail the profiles of the nanostructures fabricated by nanosphere lithography through oblique deposition and perpendicular etching. 2D or 3D nanostructures can be achieved by this cost-effective method. Because the optical response of a particular nanoparticle depends on its size and shape, this angle deposition method can produce various shapes of nanostructures, which are suitable for localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor applications. The nanostructure profiles under various deposition and etching conditions are simulated in our work. The calculated 3D profiles are verified by the 3D nanostructures fabricated in our experiments, and the calculated 2D profiles are in good agreement with the fabricated nanocrescents reported by another research group. This paper gives a full theoretical solution of the obtainable nanostructure shapes by nanosphere lithography utilizing oblique deposition and perpendicular etching.  相似文献   
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