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1.
Zonula Occludens (ZO) proteins are ubiquitous scaffolding proteins providing the structural basis for the assembly of multiprotein complexes at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane and linking transmembrane proteins to the filamentous cytoskeleton. They belong to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK)-like proteins comprising a number of subfamilies based on domain content and sequence similarity. ZO proteins were originally described to localize specifically to tight junctions, or Zonulae Occludentes, but this notion was rapidly reconsidered since ZO proteins were found to associate with adherens junctions as well as with gap junctions, particularly with connexin-made intercellular channels, and also with a few other membrane channels. Accumulating evidence reveals that in addition to having passive scaffolding functions in organizing gap junction complexes, including connexins and cytoskeletals, ZO proteins (particularly ZO-1) also actively take part in the dynamic function as well as in the remodeling of junctional complexes in a number of cellular systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.  相似文献   
2.
目的:应用事件相关电位技术探讨36 h完全睡眠剥夺对认知功能的影响。方法:9名健康被试参加36h睡眠剥夺试验,被试在36 h睡眠剥夺前后分别接受数字-符号联想测验,同时记录其事件相关电位,分析其在睡眠剥夺前后认知功能的动态变化情况。结果:1被试在睡眠剥夺前后的反应时相比[(748.16±193.27)与(775.79±205.48)ms],显著增加(t=3.86,P0.05),正确率相比[(74.56±0.11)与(67.12±0.07)],没有显著性差异(P0.05)。2被试在睡眠剥夺36 h后,P3、P4、C3和C4四点潜伏期没有显著性变化[P3:(296.44±16.61)与(300.22±16.16)ms,t=1.43,P=0.19;P4:(303.33±38.48)与(308.78±38.65)ms,t=2.35,P=0.05;C3:(309.56±34.09)与(308.44±28.49)ms,t=0.45,P=0.66;C4:(317.33±64.83)与(303.33±39.42)ms,t=1.31,P=0.23],四点波幅降低,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)[P3:(2.74±1.21)与(1.32±0.92)μv,t=2.54,P=0.04;P4:(2.34±1.27)与(0.94±0.49)μv,t=3.44,P=0.01;C3:(2.60±1.49)与(0.94±0.78)μv,t=2.65,P=0.03;C4:(2.60±0.81)与(1.11±1.03)μv,t=2.61,P=0.03]。结论:睡眠剥夺影响人的正常认知活动,损害了大脑对冲突信息的判断,睡眠对维持大脑的正常功能有重要作用。  相似文献   
3.

Background

Some studies have reported gender differences in N170, a face-selective event-related potential (ERP) component. This study investigated gender differences in N170 elicited under oddball paradigm in order to clarify the effect of task demand on gender differences in early facial processing.

Findings

Twelve males and 10 females discriminated targets (emotional faces) from non-targets (emotionally neutral faces) under an oddball paradigm, pressing a button as quickly as possible in response to the target. Clear N170 was elicited in response to target and non-target stimuli in both males and females. However, females showed more negative amplitude of N170 in response to target compared with non-target, while males did not show different N170 responses between target and non-target.

Conclusions

The present results suggest that females have a characteristic of allocating attention at an early stage when responding to faces actively (target) compared to viewing faces passively (non-target). This supports previous findings suggesting that task demand is an important factor in gender differences in N170.  相似文献   
4.
Several different factors in the collection and preservation of whale skin and blubber samples were examined to determine their effect on the results obtained by stable nitrogen and carbon isotope (δ15N and δ13C) analysis. Samples of wet killer whale skin retained their original stable isotope values for up to 14 d at 4°C or lower. However, decomposition significantly changed the δ15N value within 3 d at 20°C. Storage at ?20°C was as effective as ?80°C for the preservation of skin and blubber samples for stable isotope analysis for at least a year. By contrast, once a skin sample had been freeze‐dried and lipid extracted, the stable isotope values did not change significantly when it was stored dry at room temperature for at least 12 mo. Preservation of whale skin samples for a month in DMSO‐salt solution, frozen or at room temperature, did not significantly change the δ15N and δ13C values of lipid extracted tissues, although the slight changes seen could influence results of a study if only small changes are expected.  相似文献   
5.
Morphological data and results from scanning electron microscopy of seeds and pollen show thatNormania Lowe [syn.Solanum L. subg.Potatoe (G. Don)D'Arcy sect.Normania (Lowe)Bitter] (Solanaceae: Solaneae) should be considered as a distinct genus fromSolanum L. It has two species, one restricted to the island of Madeira [Normania triphylla (Lowe)Lowe] and the other to Tenerife and Gran Canaria [Normania nava (Webb & Berthel.)Franc.-Ort. & R. N. Lester]. These species are extremely rare and had not been found for about 100 years, untilN. nava was rediscovered in two different localities in Tenerife in 1973 and 1982.Normania triphylla was reported in two different places from northern Madeira in 1991. Both species have the highest conservation priority in the Macaronesian region.  相似文献   
6.
Following protoplast fusion between Nicotiana tabacum (dhfr) and N. megalosiphon (nptII) somatic hybrids were selected on the basis of dual resistance to kanamycin and methotrexate. Despite strong selection for parental nuclear-encoded resistances, only nine N. tabacum (+) N. megalosiphon somatic hybrids were obtained. A preferential loss of the parental N. tabacum nuclear and organelle genome was apparent in some plants in spite of the lack of genomic inactivation by the irradiation or chemical treatment of the parental protoplasts. Only six of the nine hybrids recovered possessed both parental profiles of nuclear RFLPs and isoenzymes. The remaining three hybrids were highly asymmetric with two being identical to N. megalosiphon except for minor morphological differences and rearranged or recombined mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA), while the other one was distinguishable only by the presence of a rearranged or recombined mtDNA, and was therefore possibly a cybrid. Overall, eight somatic hybrids possessed rearranged or recombined mtDNAs and chloroplast inheritance was non-random since eight possessed N. megalosiphon-type chloroplasts and only one had N. tabacum chloroplasts. In contrast, using the same selection approach, numerous morphologically similar symmetric somatic hybrids with nuclear RFLPs and isozymes of both the parental species were recovered from control fusions between N. tabacum and the more closely related N. sylvestris. In spite of the low frequency of recovery of symmetric N. tabacum (+) N. megalosiphon hybrids in this study, one of these hybrids displayed a significant degree of self-fertility allowing for back-crosses to transfer N. megalosiphon disease-resistance traits to N. tabacum. Plant Research Centre Contribution No. 1579  相似文献   
7.
植被恢复过程中芒萁覆盖对侵蚀红壤氮组分的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
氮素是限制陆地生态系统生产力的重要因子。采用时空代换法,以红壤侵蚀区未治理、恢复12年和30年的马尾松林为研究对象,对比分析了林下芒萁覆盖地与裸地表层土壤之间氮同位素、不同形态氮组分含量以及不同组分氮含量所占比例之间的差异。结果表明:在所有马尾松林中,芒萁覆盖增加了表层土壤的全氮含量,δ~(15)N值则比林下裸地显著降低了33. 8%—83.1%(P0.05)。随着恢复年限增加,林下芒萁覆盖地表层土壤δ~(15)N值显著下降,而林下裸露地δ~(15)N值没有显著变化(P0.05)。不同恢复年限马尾松林的芒萁覆盖地表层土壤微生物生物量氮、可溶性有机氮和铵态氮含量显著高于林下裸地(P 0.05),而硝态氮含量则显著低于林下裸地(P0.05)。随恢复年限增加,表层土壤微生物生物量氮、可溶性有机氮、铵态氮含量均呈增加趋势,而硝态氮含量则呈下降趋势,不同形态氮占全氮比例表现为:微生物生物量氮铵态氮可溶性有机氮硝态氮。相关分析表明土壤δ~(15)N值与硝态氮极显著正相关,与其他氮组分极显著负相关(P0.01)。由此可见,与林下裸地相比,芒萁覆盖在植被恢复过程中有助于提高表层土壤中全氮、微生物生物量氮、可溶性有机氮和铵态氮含量,降低硝态氮的淋溶损失风险,促进土壤氮保持和积累,从而有利于退化红壤生态系统的恢复。  相似文献   
8.
研究氮沉降和降雨变化对土壤细菌群落结构的影响,对未来预测多个气候变化因子对草地生态系统影响的交互作用具有重要意义。以施氮和灌溉分别模拟氮沉降和降雨增加,采用高通量测序技术,研究8个氮添加水平(0、15、30、50、100、150、200、300kg N hm-2a-1)和2个水分添加水平(不灌溉、模拟夏季增雨100 mm灌溉)对土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,氮素和水分输入增加后,土壤细菌群落组成、丰度均显著变化(P0.05)。在群落中占主导的细菌门类有疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia(30.61%—48.51%)、变形菌门Proteobacteria(21.37%—29.97%)、酸杆菌门Acidobacteria(9.54%—20.67%)和拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(4.96%—9.74%)。在常规降雨和水分添加两种条件下,随着氮添加水平的增加,占主导的细菌门类(相对丰度1%)表现出不同的变化趋势。疣微菌门相对丰度在常规降雨N100—N300条件下显著降低,但在氮素和水分同时添加条件下随氮添加水平升高而逐渐升高,在N200—N300时显著升高。变形菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度在常规降雨高氮添加条件下呈升高趋势,但在水分添加时却无明显变化。酸杆菌门相对丰度在常规降雨高氮添加条件下升高,但在水分添加后呈明显下降趋势。放线菌门Actinobacteria相对丰度在常规降雨N100—N300条件下显著升高,但在水分添加后高氮添加时显著降低。厚壁菌门Firmicutes相对丰度在常规降雨条件下无显著变化,但在水分和高氮添加条件下降低。浮霉菌门Planctomycetes相对丰度在两种不同的水分添加条件下均呈先升高后降低的趋势。氮素和水分添加对土壤细菌群落结构的变化存在明显的互作效应(P0.0001)。在不同氮素和水分输入条件下共有19个土壤细菌门类相对丰度有显著差异。土壤细菌群落结构的变化主要来自于疣微菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度变化,两者可作为土壤细菌群落结构变化的指示种。综上,氮素和水分添加显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构,氮素和水分对土壤细菌不同门类相对丰度变化存在明显的互作效应。  相似文献   
9.
目的:研究H1N1流感病毒血凝素HA对人胚肺成纤维细胞的损伤作用并初步探讨其机理。方法:合成2009 H1N1的HA基因全长,分别将HA的PCR产物和pEGFP-N1质粒经Hind Ⅲ和EcoRI酶切电泳、纯化、连接并转化大肠杆菌DH5α,构建真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1/HA。质粒转染293细胞,检测其转染效率,并收获细胞总蛋白进行Western blotting检测。将阳性质粒转染MRC-5细胞,CCK-8检测HA的表达对细胞增殖活性,线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒检测其对细胞的早期凋亡的影响,ATP检测试剂盒检测HA的表达对ATP水平的改变。结果:PCR电泳检测获得分子量为1700 bp左右的目的条带,菌落PCR鉴定HA片段成功插入pEGFP-N1载体。荧光显微镜下检测pEGFP-N1/HA转染293细胞有明显荧光,Western blotting结果显示pEGFP-N1/HA转染细胞有单一的目的蛋白表达。HA的表达可明显抑制MRC-5细胞活力,HA的高表达降低MRC-5细胞的线粒体膜电位及ATP水平。结论:H1N1流感病毒HA对人肺细胞的损伤作用可能与影响肺细胞的线粒体功能有关。  相似文献   
10.
《Chirality》2017,29(11):708-715
A liquid–liquid extraction resolution of 4‐chloro‐mandelic acid (4‐ClMA) was studied by using 2‐chloro‐N‐carbobenzyloxy‐L‐amino acid (2‐Cl‐Z‐AA) as a chiral extractant. Important factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated, including the type of chiral extractant, pH value of aqueous phase, initial concentration of chiral extractant in organic phase, initial concentration of 4‐ClMA in aqueous phase, and resolution temperature. It was observed that the concentration of (R)‐4‐ClMA was much higher than that of (S)‐4‐ClMA in organic phase due to a higher stability of the complex formed between (R)‐4‐ClMA and 2‐Cl‐Z‐AA. A separation factor (α) of 3.05 was obtained at 0.02 mol/L 2‐Cl‐Z‐Valine dissolved in dichloromethane, pH of 2.0, concentration of 4‐ClMA of 0.11 mmol/Land T of 296.7K.  相似文献   
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